Millennium Development Goal 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability -a analysis of MDG 7 and its Achievement, Progress, Problem

1. 1

2. Millennium Development Goal 7:
Ensure Environmental Sustainability
Presented by
Anam Khairul
GSIS, SNU
2

3. Table of Contents
I. Introduction
II. Achievements and current progress
III. Key problems and challenges
IV. Conclusion
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4. I. Introduction
“ A world with less poverty, hunger and disease, greater
survival prospects for mothers and their infants, better
educated children, equal opportunities for women, and
a healthier environment;
a world in which developed and developing countries
worked in partnership for the betterment of all”
189 nations (September, 2000)
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5. I. Introduction
Millennium Development Goal 7:
Ensure Environmental Sustainability
4 Targets
10 Indicators
5

6. I. Introduction
• Target 7a: Integrate the principles of sustainable development into
country policies and programmes; reverse loss of
environmental resources
 7.1 Proportion of land area covered by forest
 7.2 CO2 emissions, total, per capita and per $1 GDP (PPP)
 7.3 Consumption of ozone-depleting substances
 7.4 Proportion of fish stocks within safe biological limits
 7.5 Proportion of total water resources used
• Target 7b: Reduce biodiversity loss, achieving, by 2010, a significant
reduction in the rate of loss
 7.6 Proportion of terrestrial and marine areas protected
 7.7 Proportion of species threatened with extinction
• Target 7c: Halve, by 2015, the proportion of the population without
sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation
 7.8 Proportion of population using an improved drinking water source
 7.9 Proportion of population using an improved sanitation facility
• Target 7d: Achieve significant improvement in lives of at least 100 million
slum dwellers, by 2020
 7.10 Proportion of urban population living in slums
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7. II. Achievements & current
progress
Target 7A: Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country
policies and programmes and reverse the loss of environmental resources
Indicator 7.1
Proportion of land area covered by forest
1990 2000 2005
70
68.3
65
63.4
60
50
49.9
47.2
46.7
46.6
46.7
46
40
30
31.3
30.8
30.3
30.6
30.7
30.4
29.2
27.3
26.5
20
19.8
18.1
16.5
14.2
14.3
14
10
1.3
1.5
3.3
3.4
3.9
3.9
1.5
3.5
3.9
0
World Developed Northern Western CIS, Asia Southern Eastern Sub- Latin CIS, Europe Oceania
7
Regions Africa Asia Asia Asia Saharan America &
Africa Caribbean

8. II. Achievements & current
progress
Indicator:7.2
CO2 emissions, total, per capita and per $1 GDP (PPP)
6,049,435 5,010,170
Thousand
Global CO2 emissions map (metric tons)
Thousand MT
MT
18.4 %
22.2 % of total
of total emission
emission
2nd polluter
1st polluter
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9. II. Achievements & current progress
Indicator 7.2
CO2 emissions, total, per capita and per $1 GDP (PPP)
Total CO2 emission 1990, 2000, 2005 (billions metric
World CO2 emission (billions MT) tons)
30.0
10.8
25.0 27.6 Developed regions
12.0
23.6
20.0 21.3 22.2 6.7
16.9
Developing regions
13.1
15.0
2.9
10.0 Eastern Asia
6.1
5.4 6.3
5.0 4.2 3.7
C IS
2.3
0.0
1.0
1990 1995 2000 2005 Southem Asia 2005 2000 1990
2.0
1.0
Latin America & Caribbean
1.4
0.6
Western Asia
1.2
0.4
South - Eastern Asia
1.2
Sub - Saharan Africa
Northen Africa
Oceania
9
0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0

10. II. Achievements & current
progress
(b) CO2 emissions per capita and (c) per $1 GDP (PPP)
(b) Per capita CO2 emissions MT ( C) CO2 emission per 1$ GDP (PPP)
(Kilograms of CO2)
Developed Regions
Developing Regions
Developing Regions
Developed Regions
World
World
CIS Europe
CIS Asia
CIS
CIS
Western Asia 1990
CIS Europe
2000
CIS Asia 1990
2005 Oceania
2000
Eastern Asia Western Asia
2005
South - Eastern Asia South - Eastern Asia
Northen Africa Southem Asia
Latin America Caribbean Eastern Asia
Latin America & Caribbean
Southem Asia
Sub - Saharan Africa
Oceania
Northen Africa
Sub - Saharan Africa
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
0 5 10 15 20

11. II. Achievements & current progress
Indicator: 7.3
Consumption Ozone-depleting substances
Table : Consumption of ozone - depleting
substances CFCs is used
(Thousand metric tons)
in
1990 2000 2006
Refrigerator, Spr
Developed Regions 826.8 24.1 10.5
ay, Cleaning
Developing Regions 247.5 212.5 71.3
agent & Aerosol
Eastern Asia 103.2 105.8 38.0
etc.
Latin America &
Caribbean 76.0 31.1 11.5
CIS 139.5 27.1 10.5
CIS Europe 136.8 24.1 10.5
CIS Asia 2.7 0.9 0.2
Southem Asia 3.3 28.2 7.6
South - Eastern Asia 21.1 16.8 4.6
Western Asia 11.4 11.9 4.6
Northen Africa 6.2 8.1 2.6
Sub - Saharan Africa 23.4 9.6 2.4
Transition Countries of
South- Eastern Europe 6.2 1.0 0.4
Oceania 0.0 0.1 0.0 11

12. progress
Indicator 7.4
Proportion of Fish stocks within biological limits
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13. II. Achievements and current
progress
Indicator 7.5
Proportion of total water resources
Surface w ater and groundw ater w ithdraw al as
percentage of total actual renew able w ater resources,
around 2000
Northen Africa 76.6
Western Asia 47.4
Southem Asia 26.6
Eastern Asia 21.9
Transition of South- Eastern
11.1
Europe
Developed Regions 9.1
Developing Regions 6.8
CIS 5.6
South - Eastern Asia 4.7
Sub - Saharan Africa 2.2
Latin Am erica & Caribbean 1.4
Oceania 0.0
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14. II. Achievements & current
progress
Target 7B: Reduce biodiversity loss, achieving, by 2010, a significant reduction
in the rate of loss
Indicator 7.6 Proportion of terrestrial and marine areas protected
%
20
18.8
18 1990 2000 2007
17.8
16
14
14.5
12
11.3
10.9
10
10.3
9.5
8
8.5
7.3
7.1
7
6
6.1
6.0
5.4
4
4.3
3.7
3.4
2.6
2
2.1
0.4
0
Developed
Developing
South Eastern
Latin America &
Sub-Saharan
Oceania
Eastern Asia
Southern Asia
Northern Africa
Western Asia
Regions
Region
Caribbean
Africa
Asia
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15. 80
83
86
89
92
95
98
92.2
World
91.9
1994
Developing 93.5
Regions 93.1
2008
Developed 92.5
Regions 92.2
91.9
Oceania
91.4
South - Eastern 93.4
Asia 92.7
Latin America & 93.1
Caribbean 93.0
Sub - Saharan 93.8
Africa 93.6
96.0
progress
Southem Asia
95.5
96.4
CIS
95.7
96.2
Eastern Asia
95.8
Percentage of species not expected to go exinct in the near future
97.5
Indicator 7.7 Proportion of species threatened with extinction
Western Asia
II. Achievements & current
97.0
97.6
15
Northen Africa
97.1

16. progress
Target 7C: Halve, by 2015, the proportion of the population without
sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation
Indicator 7.8
Proportion of population using an improved drinking water source
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17. II. Achievements and current
progress
Indicator 7.8
Proportion of population
using an improved drinking
water source
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18. II. Achievements and current
progress
Indicator 7.9
Proportion of population
using an improved
sanitation facility
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19. II. Achievements and current
progress
Indicator 7.9
Proportion of
population
using an
improved
sanitation
facility
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20. progress
Target 7D: Achieve significant improvement in lives of at least 100
million slum dwellers, by 2020
Indicator 7.10 Proportion of urban population living in slums
Proportion of urban population living in slums 1990
2001
(%)
2005
80
70
72
64
60
62
50
47
43
40
41
38
37
37
37
35
30
30
29
28
27
27
25
24
24
20
15
10
6
6
0
CIS Asia
Eastern Asia
CIS Europe
South - Eastern
Southem Asia
Western Asia
Northen Africa
Developing
Oceania
Latin America
Sub - Saharan
& Caribbean
Regions
Africa
Asia
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21. III. Key problems and challenges
Problems:
 Green House emissions increased by 30 % from 1990 to 2005,
with annual growth from 2000 to 2005 greater than the
preceding decade causing the climate change and negative
consequences.
 Evaluations of national development plans by the World Bank
have shown limited integration of the environment.
 The loss of environmental resources continues. Forest cover, for
example, has declined by 7.3 million hectares per year over the
past five years – an area about the size of Sierra Leone.
 Almost half of the world’s population face a scarcity of water. 40
per cent of the world’s population live in river basins with some
form of water scarcity. Symptoms include environmental
degradation and competition for water.
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22. III. Key problems and challenges
Challenges:
» Ensure effective conservation and management to reverse the
loss »» of natural resources and significantl reduce biodiversity
loss.
» Scale-up programmes and initiatives to deliver pro-poor »»
environmental outcomes.
» Provide investments to bring electricity and cleaner cooking
fuels »» to the large segments of the world population that are
still deprived of such essential services.
» Develop participatory, pro-poor natural resource and ecosystem
»» management systems.
» Introduce innovative financial mechanisms to significantly raise
»» financing for the environment.
» Introduce measures/mechanisms to reduce global greenhouse
gas »» emissions.
» Conclude negotiations to ensure an effective and equitable
outcome »» under the UN Framework Convention on Climate
Change by late 2009.
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23. III. Key problems and challenges
» Enhance climate adaptation programmes and reduce the
negative »» impact of climate change, particularly in small island
developing states and least developed countries.
» Promote climate-friendly and climate-change adaptation »»
technologies.
» Promote selective bio-fuel development based on global »»
comparisons of energy ratios and impacts on
land, water, deforestation and food prices of different options.
» Increase spending on water and sanitation from about 0.5 per
cent »» to at least 1.0 per cent of GDP to ensure greatly increased
access.
» Adopt a holistic, participatory ecosystem approach to fisheries »»
management.
» Scale-up slum upgrading and invest in decent, affordable housing
»» for the poor, including women.
» Create strong incentives and financial support for
participatory, »» sustainable forest management and
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conservation practices.

24. VI. Conclusion
Key success:
 The use of ozone-depleting substances has been almost eliminated
and this has contributed to the effort to reduce global warming.
 Some 1.6 billion people have gained access to safe »» drinking water
since 1990. At this rate, the world is expected to meet the MDG
target on drinking water. But about 1 billion people still do not have
access to safe drinking water, and 2.5 billion lack access to basic
sanitation services.
 Currently, only 22 percent of the world’s fisheries are »»
sustainable, compared to 40 percent in 1975. Despite their
importance to the sustainability of fish stocks and coastal
livelihoods, only 0.7 per cent of the world’s oceans – about 2 million
square kilometres – were put under protection.
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25. V. Conclusion
Greater efforts required:
 Some 2.5 billion people, almost half the developing world’s
population, live without improved sanitation
 More than one third of the growing urban population in
developing countries live in slum conditions
 Carbon dioxide emissions have continued to increase,
despite the international timetable for addressing the
problem
 Some 2.4 billion people live without access to modern »»
cooking and heating services, and 1.6 billion have no access
to electricity.
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