1. GRADABLE & UNGRADABLE
ADJECTIVES

2. Gradable Adjectives
 Gradable adjectives represent a point on
a scale. For example, cheap and
expensive are adjectives on the scale of
“how much something costs” .
 Most English adjectives are gradable. We can
make comparative and superlative forms
from all gradable adjectives.

3. Intensifying gradable
adjectives:
 We can make gradable adjectives stronger
using very, but not absolutely.
 There are other adverbs we can use to
strengthen the meaning of these adjectives:
Extremely, rather, hugely, terribly,
incredibly, remarkably, …

4. To make gradable adjectives less
strong we use:
 A BIT/ A LITTLE
The exercise is a bit /a little difficult.
It’s a bit of a difficult exercise.
 (a bit of a /an + NP=Noun Phrase)
 slightly

5. Ungradable adjectives
 They indicate extreme or absolute
qualities.They represent the limits of a scale.
E.g. : brilliant, correct, disastrous, exhausted,
furious, identical, perfect, unique, etc.
 We don’t usually make comparison with these
adjectives, althoughnthere are some patterns
we use in spoken English:
“That was the most delicious meal!”

6. Intensifying ungradable
adjectives:
 A common way to intensify these adjectives is with
the adverb absolutely.
E.g.: They were absolutely furious.
 Sometimes we to use other adverbs such as
completely, totally and utterly:
E.g.: He was completely wrong
Harry is totally deaf because of an accident
The party was utterly disastrous

7. Ungradable adjectives
◊Absolutely cannot be used with all
ungradable adjectives.
 In some cases, completely, totally or
utterly are preferred.
 E.g. completely different, totally crazy,
utterly miserable

8. To weaken ungradable
adjectives:
 We can use almost, nearly,
practically, virtually .
E.g.:The tank is almost empty.
The two vases are virtually identical.

9. Compare
 The beach was a bit empty.
 The beach was absolutely empty.
 Some adjectives can be gradable or
ungradable depending on the context.

10. Really, fairly, pretty and quite
These adverbs can usually be used
together with both gradable and
ungradable adjectives.
The meaning of quite changes:
• Quite warm/ quite a warm place (gradable=
rather)
• Quite certain (ungradable= completely,
absolutely)

11. Adverb + adjective collocation
 bitterly cold, disappointed, opposed
 completely different, incomprehensible, new, sure
 deeply ashamed, attached, divided, unhappy
 entirely beneficial, different, satisfactory, unexpected.
 heavily armed, dependent, polluted
 highly contagious, critical, intelligent, likely, sensitive
 painfully aware, obvious, sensitive, slow
 perfectly balanced, normal, safe, serious
 seriously damaged, hurt
 totally harmless, inadequate, unbelievable
 utterly different, disastrous, impossible, useless, miserable
 widely available, held, publicized, used