1. Problems & Challenges of Entrepreneurial
Education- An Indian perspective
National Seminar
Jain University, Bangalore
Date: October 8,2009
By
Prof. Amit Gupta
Director,ISBR Business School
Bangalore
director@isbr.in
2. QUOTES ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION
Education is the clearest path to individual opportunity and societal
growth, and entrepreneurship education is especially vital to fuelling a
more robust global economy. Entrepreneurs bring new ideas to life
through innovation, creativity and the desire to build something of lasting
value. Therefore, we must continually foster educational cultures within
our companies, governments and communities to keep the
entrepreneurship pipeline filled for generations to come.”
Dirk Meyer, President and CEO, AMD
We are facing a transition, and we must take this opportunity to provide
today's students and entrepreneurs with the tools and the thinking that is
required for the future. Collaborative technologies can fundamentally
transform both how we teach and learn. We need to harness the power of
the Internet and these new technologies for creating and sharing
knowledge that will prepare students with the skills to compete in the 21st
century."
John T. Chambers, Chairman and CEO, Cisco
3. QUOTES ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION
Preparing today's students for success and eventual leadership in the new
global marketplace is one of the most important responsibilities in
education today. . . Entrepreneurship education is an important tool to
achieving these objectives [and ]...should be available to provide all
students with opportunities to explore and fulfill their potential."
Stephanie Bell-Rose, President Goldman Sachs Foundation & Thomas W.
Payzant, Harvard Graduate School of Education
Every citizen, no matter where they live or what their circumstances, has
an equal right to a quality education. Based on more than a decade of
working with education leaders, governments, businesses and
development organizations, Microsoft firmly believes that information
technology can help transform both teaching and learning, enabling higher
quality education experiences for everyone.”
Craig Mundie, Chief Research and Strategy Officer, Microsoft Corporation
o Intel believes that entrepreneurship is crucial to building local innovation
capacity. It brings new technologies to market, and supports economic
development through building strong local and regional economies. Both
the public and the private sectors have important roles to play in
advancing entrepreneurship around the world, including through enabling
effective entrepreneurship education.”
Craig R. Barrett, Chairman of the Board, Intel Corporation
4. Agenda
Reforms for Education System
What is and why entrepreneurship education?
Complex Relationship between entrepreneurship,
Institutions & national economic development
Entrepreneurial Framework Conditions: GEM Model &
World Economic Forum
Concerns/Challenges for Entrepreneurship education
Recommendations for all key stakeholders: Approaches,
success factors and challenges
5. Reforms for Education System
Too much has been said and heard on this…in recent past..
Let us put forward a fresh perspective…an entrepreneurial
( holistic) perspective
Need to nurture a new generation of innovators who have key
skills in areas like science and engineering, but who are also able
to collaborate with others and to act in the face of new
opportunities. In other words, we need innovators who combine
skill with an entrepreneurial mindset.
BUILDING THE NEXT GENERATION OF LEADERS: OUR
CHALLENGE
THE ENTREPRENEURS OF TOMORROW….ARE IN OUR SCHOOLS
TODAY!
6. Reforms for Education System
While structural reform is needed, we must also begin to consider new ways of
engaging children in the learning process. Such engagement can be achieved in
many ways, but we believe that entrepreneurship education must be
part of any solution. Also an enabling environment to foster
creativity, innovation and to “ think out of the box” is necessary
across education systems .
Therefore competencies to be developed which internalize “entrepreneurial
mindset”
The ability to recognize opportunities in one’s life.
The ability to pursue such opportunities by generating new ideas and
marshaling needed resources.
The ability to create and operate a new venture (not necessarily business).
The ability to think in a creative and critical manner.
7. What is and why entrepreneurship
education?
Enhancing Economic Competitiveness starting at early education
years:
“pump prime” by expanding training and educational
opportunities for those who want to learn more about becoming an
entrepreneur. Changing the culture in every community to
recognize the entrepreneurial opportunities in each local area will
make all states stronger. These small but critical investments can
pay big dividends in future economic prosperity.
Entrepreneurship education is a life-long learning process. .
Some form of entrepreneurship education should be available to all
at all levels of the educational system to achieve social and
economic inclusiveness by multiple stakeholder
partnerships among the ecosystem players.
8. Complex relationship between
entrepreneurship, institutions and
national economic development
Competitiveness, innovation and economic growth
depend on being able to produce future leaders with the skills and
attitudes to be entrepreneurial in their professional lives, whether
by creating their own companies or innovating in larger
organizations.
A strong case is obvious for us to move up the value chain
from being “factor-driven” economy to transition through “
efficiency-driven” quickly and move into “ innovation-driven”
territory ( like some of our services sector companies have shown-
IT/ITES/Telecom, etc)
Factor-driven economy -largely agricultural, extractive industry
develops, triggers economic growth, surplus agriculture labor move
to emergent scale-intensive sectors in specific industry clusters,
resulting oversupply leading to subsistence or “necessity
entrepreneurship”
9. Complex relationship between
entrepreneurship, institutions and
national economic development
Efficiency-driven economy-leads to institutions to support industrial
growth-pursuit of higher productivity through economies of scale-financial
capital formation-niches open up in industrial supply chains-emergent small
,medium and large scale sector driven by banking institutions and more “
opportunity entrepreneurship ” with gradual slowdown in “ necessity
entrepreneurship”
Innovation-driven economy: As economy matures, emphasis shifts to
expanding services sector- increasing R&D, knowledge
intensity- ”opportunity seeking entrepreneurship” supported by changing
face of financial and other knowledge driven institutions ( VC/PE/
Analytics/CRO,etc)
Small, innovative firms have productivity advantage over large incumbents
and become agents of “ creative destruction” ( Joseph Schumpeter)-
remember the Infosys of late 1980’s..! Leading to more opportunity
entrepreneurship, leading economic growth and need for more
sophisticated education and training in entrepreneurship and
allied fields .
11. Figure 1- The Revised GEM Model
Basic requirements
-Institutions
-Infrastructure
-Macroeconomic Stability
-Health and primary
education Established Firms
(Primary economy)
Efficiency enhancers
-Higher education &
training New branches,
-Goods market efficiency Firm growth
Social, -Labor market efficiency National
Cultural, -Financial market Economic
Political, sophistication Growth
Context -Technological readiness (Jobs and
-Market Size
Entrepreneurship
Technical
Attitudes: Innovation)
Innovation and Perceived opportunities
Entrepreneurship Perceived Capacity
-Entrepreneurial Finance
-Gov. entrepreneurship Activity:
Programs Early stage
-Entrepreneurship Persistence
Education Exits
-R&D transfer
-Commercial, legal Aspirations:
infrastructure for Growth
Entrepreneurship Innovation
-Entry regulation Social value creation
12.
13. Concerns/Challenges for Entrepreneurship
education
“Different is not always better, but better is always different!”
Curriculum development:
Entrepreneurship and innovation must be deeply embedded into the curriculum to
ingrain a new entrepreneurial spirit and mindset among students
Creating a critical mass of entrepreneurship teachers -NEN/EDI,etc-more traction
required…
Funding entrepreneurship
Cross-border faculty and research collaborations: multidisciplinary
Spin-outs from technical & scientific institutions: monetizing technological innovation
Integration, knowledge sharing among different disciplines-mainstreaming
entrepreneurship education required
14. Recommendations for all key stakeholders:
Approaches, success factors and challenges
1. Developing Leadership and Life Skills
2.Embedding Entrepreneurship in Education
APPROACHES 3.Taking a Cross-Disciplinary Approach
4.Utilizing interactive Pedagogy
5. Leveraging Technology
1. No “One Sizes Fits All” Answer
2.Continuous Learning
CHALLENGES 3. Academic Acceptance / Legitimacy
4.Effective Measurement and Evaluation
5. Scalability
1. The Entrepreneurial Ecosystem
2.Developing Effective Educators
SUCCESS 3.Curriculum Development
FACTORS 4.Outreach (Engagement of Business)
5. Advancing Innovation
6. Sustainable Funding
15. Recommendation Matrix
POLICY COMPANIES
Actions: Actors: SCHOOLS UNIVERSITIES EDUCATORS FOUNDATIONS NGOs MEDIA STUDENTS
MAKERS ENTREPRENEURS
TRANSFORM THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
Embedded Strategy √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Establish
Coordinating
Bodies √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Embed Within
Existing Bodies √ √ √ √ √ √
Change Rules and
Regulations √ √ √
BUILD THE ENTREPRENEURIAL ECOSYSTEM
Funding √ √ √ √ √ √
Infrastructure
Development √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Capacity Building
√ √ √ √ √ √ √
Support Curriculum
Development
√ √ √ √ √ √ √
Build Networks /
Social Capital √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Share Practices &
Information √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Facilitate
Academic- Business
Outreach
√ √ √ √ √ √ √
Awareness Raising
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
STRIVE FOR EFFECTIVE OUTCOMES AND IMPACT
Develop Effective
Measures
√ √ √ √ √ √ √
LEVERAGE TECHNOLOGY AS AN ENABLER
Leverage
Technology
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
