8. Geometry update
Objective :
• Insert the X,Y,Z coordinates for each
shot and geophone group by merge the
Navigation/SPS file with the data file .
Data Initialization
9. Trace Editing
Objective :
1- Remove bad traces.
2- Remove bad shots.
3-Remove Duplicated traces.
4- Polarity Revers.
Data Initialization
36. • Migration classification According to its position in the
workflow
Post stack
Migration
Pre-Stack
Migration
• Take long time.
• High cost.
• No data losses.
• Less time.
• Low cost.
• Loss in data.
Migration
38. • Migration classification According to its types:
Time
Migration
Depth
Migration
• Time and space
Domain.
• Don’t takes ray
bending & lateral
velocity change into
account.
• Take shorter time.
• Depth Domain.
• takes ray bending
& lateral velocity
change into
account.
• require greater
computer time.
Migration
39. 1- Time Migration
• Time migration is the repositioning of reflected seismic data to their
true reflection points in space and time.
Ex: Kirchhoff Migration
Migration
40. 2- Depth Migration.
• In depth migration, data are migrated in depth domain
and the input data for the process is unmigrated seismic
data in time domain. The output is migrated data in the
depth domain.
• take into account the bending of ray paths by
refraction within a complex geology.
Migration
52. References:
• Exploration Geophysics, Mamdouh R. Gadallah · Ray
Fisher,2009.
• Seismic data Processing, OZ Yilmaz.
• Seismic Data Analysis And Techniques in Hydrocarbon
Exploration, ENWENODE ONAJITE, 2014
• Seismic Reflections: Marine Processing - Part 5 | Direct
Arrivals, Refractions, and Linear Noise
• Seismic Reflections: Marine Processing - Part 4 | Swell Noise
Removal