This document discusses early detection of cancer, with a focus on breast cancer. It notes that early detection is important as one third of cancers could be cured if detected early and treated adequately. It emphasizes the need for public health education so patients can get screened and diagnosed at earlier stages when conservation treatments are possible and long-term survival chances are higher. Locally advanced disease is common in Pakistan, presenting challenges for treatment. The document promotes efforts like breast self-exams, clinical exams, and mammography to enable earlier detection when options are more favorable.
HMCS Vancouver Pre-Deployment Brief - May 2024 (Web Version).pptx
Prof.Arshad Cheema
1. Early Detection of Cancer Breast Prof. Muhammad Arshad Cheema FRCS Chairman Department of Surgery King Edward Medical University Chief Division of Surgery Mayo Hospital Lahore Consultant Cancer Surgery
2. 5 common causes of deaths in Pakistan Injuries Cancer Cardiovascular Diseases TB, Hepatitis and other Communicable Diseases Diarrhea & Malnutrition
8. Surgical Oncology Society Pakistan (SOS-PK) Association for advancement of cancer surgery in Pakistan www.cancersurgerypk.org
9. Four components of cancer control Prevention, Early detection A third of cancers could be cured if detected early and treated adequately Diagnosis & treatment Palliative care All patients in need of pain relief could be helped if current knowledge about pain control and palliative care were applied.
13. Cancer Prevention 40% of cancer could be prevented, mainly by not using tobacco, having a healthy diet, being physically active and preventing infections that may cause cancer.
14. Tobacco use is the single largest preventable cause of cancer in the world
18. One fifth of all cancers worldwide are caused by a chronic infection, for example human papillomavirus (HPV) causes cervical cancer and hepatitis B virus (HBV) causes liver cancer
19. Chances of survival are increased if diagnosis is made at an early stage and prompt therapy is instituted
46. Survival Depends on Stage at diagnosis Axillary LN involvement Other Prognostic factors Tumor grade Estrogen & Progestin Receptors Her 2 nue
47. Early Diagnosis Breast Self Examination & Education Breast Clinical Examination Mammography Genetic Screening?
48. First Issue in Oncology is of the tissue – 4 ways of getting tissue Fine needle aspiration cytology Core needle biopsy Incisional biopsy Excision biopsy
50. In the late 20th century, breast-conserving surgery (BCS) was introduced as an alternative to mastectomy Although no differences in overall survival were found between these two surgical procedures, BCS was associated with a significantly increased risk of local recurrence if radiotherapy was omitted.
51. To Conserve or not? The choice between mastectomy or BCS is influenced by various factors, including Age at diagnosis tumor size / breast size Geographical residence / access to healthcare facilities / ability to follow up Patient’s or physician’s preference,
52. Conservative Surgery Invasive ca < 4 cm Axillary Dissection & Radiation Disease free survival similar to mastectomy Needs careful follow up
71. There is urgent need for public health education so that patients can be diagnosed at early stage when conservation is possible with chances of long term survival
72. Summary Early detection maximizes chances of cure Pay heed to warning signs – See a doctor Get screened if you are among high risk population
73. You are welcome to 3rd National Cancer Surgery Conference Feb 2-5, 2011 Organized by Surgical Oncology Society Pakistan (SOS-PK) www.cancersurgerypk.org
74. Dr. Muhammad Arshad Cheema FRCS President Surgical Oncology Society Pakistan Professor & Chairman Department of Surgery King Edward Medical University