this info. from clinically orented anatomy

1. Injury of Cranial Nerve By: Huda Almubarak

2. Cranial Nerves CN I CN II CN III, IV, & VI CN V CN VII, CN VIII CN IX & X CN XI CN XII

3. Memorize 2-3 sections/division

4. Injury of Cranial Nerve Injury to the cranial nerve is a frequent complication of a fracture in the base of the cranium. some of causes: Trauma, tumor and aneurysm

5. CN I Olfactory Nerve Not real nerves, why? Directly from the receptor to the center of vision!

6. Injury of CN I Anosmia loss of smell. Causes: - Loss of olfactory fibers usually occurs whith aging - Injury to the nasal mucosa, olfactory nerve fibers, olfactory bulbs, or olfactory tract may impair smell

9. Injury of CN II Demyelinateing: Diseases and the Optic Nerve. - The optic nerve are actually CNS tract surrounded by myelin sheath. Consequently, the optic nerves are susceptible to the effects of demyelinating disease of the CNS , such as multiple sclerosis(MS), which usually don’t affect other nerves of the PNS.

10. Injury of CN II 2. Optic neuritis optic neuritis refers to lesions of the optic nerve that cause diminution of visual acuity Optic neuritis may be caused by inflammatory , degenerative , demyelinating , or toxic disorder

11. Injury of CN II 3. Visual field defect: Visual field defects result from lesions that affect different parts of the visual pathway

15. characteristic sign: Diplopia “double vision” when looking down.

17. Tumors

18. Aneurysm

20. Loss of the ability to appreciate soft tactile, thermal, or painful sensation in the face.

22. Pressure from an atherosclerotic internal carotid artery in the cavernous sinus.

24. Fracture of temporal bone

27. Dry cornea; loss of taste on anterior two third of tongue.

29. Vertigo: dizziness, loss of balance.

32. Change in swallowing

35. Dysphonia: difficulty in speaking.

36. Aphonia: loss of voice.

38. Injury of the XII Injury to the Hypoglossal nerve: Paralyzes the ipsilateral half of the tongue, it’s apex deviate toward the paralyzed side.

39. Fathers of Neuroscience Camillo Golgi (1843-1926) Santiago Ramon y Cajal (1852-1934)

40. Father of Neurosurgery & Father of Neurology Harvey Williams Cushing (1869-1939) Jean-Martin Charcot (1825-1893)

41. A CLINICAL LESSON AT "LA SALPETRIERE." Joseph Babinski, Georges Gilles de la Tourette, Henri Parinaud Pierre Janet, William James, Pierre Marie, Albert Londe, Sigmund Freud, Charles-Joseph Bouchard, Axel Munthe, and Alfred Binet