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New Media and the Arab
       Spring


       Alexander Hanna
    Department of Sociology
       October 4, 2011
Agenda
Narrative of the Arab Spring
Focusing on Egypt
New Media
What's next?
Narrative of the Arab Spring
The Spark
   Tunisia 
          Mohamed Bouazizi
          Sidi Bouzid
          Ben Ali
   #sidibouzid
The Fuel
   Egypt
          Khaled Said
          Police Day
The Blaze...
   Libya            Bahrain
   Syria            … (Morocco, Algeria?)
   Yemen
Focusing on Egypt
            January 25
            http://www.youtube.com/w
            January 28 and internet 
               blackout
            Sustained occupation 
              of Tahrir and other 
              squares
New Media in Arab Spring
       Starting from Tunisia, mass attention paid in 
        Twitterverse
               Not only from US and abroad, but also from other 
                 Arab countries
       Different roles of the medium (will get to in a 
         second...)
       Includes Arab­centric media ecology
               Al­Jazeera, Al­Arabiyya
Social Graph of @ifirka (Sami ben Gharbia)
         [source: giladlotan.com]
A Big Ado About Social
              Media
   Malcolm Gladwell – 
     'Small Change'
   Jay Rosen – the generic 
      'Twitter Cannot 
      Topple Dictators' 
      article
   Is the ado about... 
      nothing?
Not 'if' but 'how'
   Zeynep Tufekci: 'There has been a false debate. 
     Was it social media or the people? Was it social 
     media or the labor movements? Was it social 
     media or anti­imperialist movement? Was it 
     social media or youth? These questions are 
     wrong and the answer is yes. The correct 
     question is how.'
But 'how' exactly?
   Citizen journalism
          Internal and External
   Consensus Mobilization
   Action Mobilization
Citizen Journalism
   Internal
       Egypt's restrictive 
        media ecology
   External
       International 
        solidarity
       Forcing IR 
        community to pay 
        attention
Citizen Journalism




   'In a dictatorship, independent journalism by 
       default becomes a form of activism, and the 
       spread of information is essentially an act of 
       agitation.'
Consensus Mobilization
   Described by Bert Klandermans
          Attempts to actively mobilize consensus in a 
            population
   Ideological work
   'Frame alignment' (Snow et al. 1986)
   Priming for action
Action Mobilization
   Other side of consensus – getting people to act
   Coordination and solving of traditional collective 
    action problems
What happened in Egypt?
   Initial sense based on interview fieldwork this 
      summer
   Coordination on January 25
          Mutual assurance of protesting
   Post­Jan 25: citizen journalism
   Less consensus mobilization
          Don't have to convince people that Mubarak is 
            terrible
Bottom line on social media
   Like everything, 
      depends on context
          Media ecology
          Access
          Politics
   Contributes to specific 
     processes
What's Next?
   Regime­building
   Still fighting in Syria, Yemen, et al.
   Social media's role in the future of Egypt?
          Differing opinions: mobilization different from 
            building institutions
Thanks!



   ahanna@ssc.wisc.edu
   http://alex­hanna.com
   http://twitter.com/alexhanna

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New Media and the Arab Spring

  • 1. New Media and the Arab Spring Alexander Hanna Department of Sociology October 4, 2011
  • 2. Agenda Narrative of the Arab Spring Focusing on Egypt New Media What's next?
  • 3. Narrative of the Arab Spring
  • 4. The Spark  Tunisia   Mohamed Bouazizi  Sidi Bouzid  Ben Ali  #sidibouzid
  • 5. The Fuel  Egypt  Khaled Said  Police Day
  • 6. The Blaze...  Libya  Bahrain  Syria  … (Morocco, Algeria?)  Yemen
  • 7. Focusing on Egypt  January 25  http://www.youtube.com/w  January 28 and internet  blackout  Sustained occupation  of Tahrir and other  squares
  • 8. New Media in Arab Spring  Starting from Tunisia, mass attention paid in  Twitterverse  Not only from US and abroad, but also from other  Arab countries  Different roles of the medium (will get to in a  second...)  Includes Arab­centric media ecology  Al­Jazeera, Al­Arabiyya
  • 9. Social Graph of @ifirka (Sami ben Gharbia) [source: giladlotan.com]
  • 10. A Big Ado About Social Media  Malcolm Gladwell –  'Small Change'  Jay Rosen – the generic  'Twitter Cannot  Topple Dictators'  article  Is the ado about...  nothing?
  • 11. Not 'if' but 'how'  Zeynep Tufekci: 'There has been a false debate.  Was it social media or the people? Was it social  media or the labor movements? Was it social  media or anti­imperialist movement? Was it  social media or youth? These questions are  wrong and the answer is yes. The correct  question is how.'
  • 12. But 'how' exactly?  Citizen journalism  Internal and External  Consensus Mobilization  Action Mobilization
  • 13. Citizen Journalism  Internal  Egypt's restrictive  media ecology  External  International  solidarity  Forcing IR  community to pay  attention
  • 14. Citizen Journalism  'In a dictatorship, independent journalism by  default becomes a form of activism, and the  spread of information is essentially an act of  agitation.'
  • 15. Consensus Mobilization  Described by Bert Klandermans  Attempts to actively mobilize consensus in a  population  Ideological work  'Frame alignment' (Snow et al. 1986)  Priming for action
  • 16. Action Mobilization  Other side of consensus – getting people to act  Coordination and solving of traditional collective  action problems
  • 17. What happened in Egypt?  Initial sense based on interview fieldwork this  summer  Coordination on January 25  Mutual assurance of protesting  Post­Jan 25: citizen journalism  Less consensus mobilization  Don't have to convince people that Mubarak is  terrible
  • 18. Bottom line on social media  Like everything,  depends on context  Media ecology  Access  Politics  Contributes to specific  processes
  • 19. What's Next?  Regime­building  Still fighting in Syria, Yemen, et al.  Social media's role in the future of Egypt?  Differing opinions: mobilization different from  building institutions
  • 20. Thanks!  ahanna@ssc.wisc.edu  http://alex­hanna.com  http://twitter.com/alexhanna