1. GROWTH & PATTERN OF INDUSTRIALISATION GROWTH OF INDUSTRIES DURING 1951-1991 PERIOD & PATTERN REASONS 1951 -65 : ESTABLISHING INDUSTRIAL BASE AVERAGE INDUSTRIAL GROWTH – MORE THAN 7% & CAPITAL & BASIC GOODS = MORE THAN 10% MAHALNOBIS MODEL, HUGE INVESTMENTS IN BASIC GOODS BY PUBLIC SECTOR 1965 – 76 :SLOW GROWTH INDUSTRIAL GROWTH RATE, LESS THAN 5% SLOW GROWTH OF AGRI,,INFRA., LICENSING, MRTP, FERA, PAKISTAN WARS OF 65 & 71, OIL CRISIS OF 1973, DRAUGHT 65-66 1976-1990 : INDUSTRIAL RECOVERY HUGE PUBLIC SECTOR INVESTMENT, LIBERALISATION, FISCAL INCENTIVES, LIBERAL TRADE POLICIES

2. INDUSTRIAL GROWTH SINCE 1991 PERIOD & PHASE REASONS 1991-94: SLOW DOWN 2.3% IN 1992-93; NEGATIVE GROWTH OF CAPITAL GOODS SECTOR; -4.1% INADEQUATE FOREX RESERVES, AFTER DEVALUATION EXPENSIVE INDUSTRIAL EXPORTS,LIQUIDITY CRUNCH IN BANKS DUE TO TIGHT MONETARY POLICY, WAIT & WATCH APROACH OF DOMESTIC INVESTORS 1994-96: REVIVAL 9.1% IN 1994-95 13% IN 1995-96 GROWTH IN EXPORTS, STABILITY IN AGRO GROWTH, MORE GOVT. INVESTMENT, MORE CONSUMPTION DEMAND, LOWER CRR, SLR & THUS MORE FUNDS 1997-02: IN GENERAL SLOW DOWN EXCEPT 99-00 5%, IN 01-02, 2.7% 97-98, FALL IN AGRO PRODUCTION, STAGNATED INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT, EXTRA CAUTIOUS BANKS LESS EXPORTS, LARGE INDUSTRIES SPENT FOR RESTRUCTURING & NOT FOR EXPANSION

3. 2002-07: RECOVERY 8.2% GROWTH IN MANUFACTURING DUE TO MICRO & MEDIUM ENTERPRISES 2007 – 08 ONWARDS DECLINE IN GENERAL GROWTH DECLINED FROM 11.6% IN 06-07 TO 8.5% IN 07-08 & MANUFACTURING TO 2.4% IN 08-09 AS PER ECO SURVEY 07-08 PERSISTANT RISE IN CRUDE OIL & METAL PRICES, GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS, RECESSION, DECLINE IN EXPORTS & ALSO DOMESTIC DEMAND PATTERN OF INDUSTRIALIZATION Use based classification of industries Basic goods capital goods intermediate goods consumer goods Durable Non-durables Minerals, metals, Crude oil, chemicals Machines, Equipment, Engineering goods Coal, cement, steel, Power, Dominant prior to 90’s Now – developed basic goods indus.Shift to these after 80’s

4. On the basis of ownership Public private joint Role of public sector is falling down Problems of Industrial sector Infrastructural Constraints Industrial Productivity Employment is falling: 1994-2007, % growth of employment by organised sector = -0.03 Burden of Public Sector: CPSEs during 2008-09 – 158 net profit & 54 losses Industrial Sickness: Board of Industrial & Financial Reconstruction BIFR (7158 ref.) Regional Imbalances New challenges Industrial Pollution