SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 21
Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding Adam Kopelan, MD Acting Chairman of Surgery Newark Beth Israel Medical Center
SIGNIFICANT REDUCTION IN CO-MORBIDITY AT 5 YEARS ,[object Object],* * * * Christou NV, Sampalis JS, Liberman M, et al. Surgery Decreases Long-Term Mortality, Morbidity, and Health Care Use in Morbidly Obese Patients. Annals of Surgery 2004;240(3):416-424.
SIGNIFICANT REDUCTION IN CO-MORBIDITY AT 5 YEARS ,[object Object],* * Christou NV, Sampalis JS, Liberman M, et al. Surgery Decreases Long-Term Mortality, Morbidity, and Health Care Use in Morbidly Obese Patients. Annals of Surgery 2004;240(3):416-424.
FIVE-YEAR MORTALITY REDUCTION ,[object Object],* Includes perioperative (30-day) mortality of 0.4%. p-value 0.001 Christou NV, Sampalis JS, Liberman M, et al. Surgery Decreases Long-Term Mortality, Morbidity, and Health Care Use in Morbidly Obese Patients. Annals of Surgery 2004;240(3):416-424.
LAPAROSCOPIC ADJUSTABLE GASTRIC BANDING ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The LAP-BAND ®  System
REALIZE ®  Band
Adjustable Gastric Banding ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Comparing Weight Loss Results Reference: 1.  O’Brien P, McPhail T, Chaston T, et al. Systematic review of medium-term weight loss after bariatric operations.  Obes Surg . 2006:16;1032-40. Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) provides effective weight loss after 3 years, comparable to that seen with standard gastric bypass 1 *LAGB using the LAP-BAND ®  System and another adjustable gastric band. Comparison is based on pooled data from 43 peer-reviewed reports involving at least 100 patients at entry and providing at least 3 years postoperative data.
Significant Excess Weight Loss Observed Over Time With the LAP-BAND ®  System ,[object Object],Reference: 1. Ponce J, Paynter S, Fromm R. Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding: 1,014 Consecutive Cases.  J Am Coll Surg . 2005;201(4):529-35. ,[object Object]
Possible Risks and Complications ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Data on File, Allergan, Inc. Reference: 1. Chapman A, Game P, O’Brien P. Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding for the treatment of obesity: update and re-appraisal. ASERNIP-S Report No. 31, Second Edition. Adelaide, South Australia. ASERNIP-S, June 2002.
Possible Risks and Complications ,[object Object],*Published complication rates vary depending upon the institution and how the surgeon diagnoses and defines a particular complication. 1. Parikh MS, Laker S, Weiner M, et al. Objective comparison of complications resulting from laparoscopic bariatric procedures.  J Am Coll Surg . 2006;202(2):252-61.  2. Chapman A, Game P, O’Brien P. Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding for the treatment of obesity: update and re-appraisal. ASERNIP-S Report No. 31, Second Edition. Adelaide, South Australia. ASERNIP-S, June 2002. Categories LAP-BAND ®   System Gastric Bypass Total Complications* 9% 1 23% 1 Major ( Grade III/IV ) Complications * 0.2% 1 2% 1 Short-term Mortality Rate 0.05% 2 0.5% 2 Grade I Events carrying minor risks Grade II Events requiring intervention, eg, drug therapy, TPN, blood transfusions, therapeutic imaging, or reoperation Grade III Events with residual and lasting disability and/or requiring organ resection Grade IV Death as a result of any complication
Comparison of Average Recovery Time 1 Reference: 1. Fisher BL. Comparison of recovery time after open and laparoscopic gastric bypass and laparoscopic adjustable banding.  Obesity Surgery.  2004;14;67-72. The LAP-BAND ®  System  n=21 Open Bypass n=20 Lap. Bypass n=19 Length of Hospital Stay (Days) 1.3 3.5 2.5 Days to Normal Activity 7.2 17.6 18.2 Recovery (Days) 15.8 29.1 21.7
Lap-Band Versus RNYGP ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1. Data on File, Allergan, Inc.  2. O’Brien PE, McPhail T, Chaston TB, Dixon JB. Systematic review of medium-term weight loss after bariatric operations.  Obes Surg.  2006;16:1032-1040. 3. O’Brien PE, Dixon JB. Lap-Band®: Outcomes and Results.  J Lap Adv Surg Tech . 2003;13(4):265-70. 4. Parikh MS, Laker S, Weiner M, et al. Objective comparison of complications resulting from laparoscopic bariatric procedures.  J Am Coll Surg . 2006;202:252-261. 5. Chapman AE, Kiroff G, Game P, et al. Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding in the treatment of obesity: A systematic literature review.  Surgery . 2004;135(3):326-51.  ,[object Object]
SELECTION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
EXPANDED CRITERIA J.B. Dixon et al.  JAMA  (2008) 299(3):316-323
EXPANDED CRITERIA J.B. Dixon et al.  JAMA  (2008) 299(3):316-323
EXPANDED CRITERIA MONTHS S. Sultan et al.  Surg Endosc (2009) 23:1569-1573
EXPANDED CRITERIA MONTHS S. Sultan et al.  Surg Endosc (2009) 23:1569-1573
EXPANDED CRITERIA S. Sultan et al.  Surg Endosc (2009) 23:1569-1573
SUMMARY ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

More Related Content

What's hot

The future of bariatric surgery
The future of bariatric surgeryThe future of bariatric surgery
The future of bariatric surgeryforegutsurgeon
 
Austin Journal of Cancer and Clinical Research
Austin Journal of Cancer and Clinical ResearchAustin Journal of Cancer and Clinical Research
Austin Journal of Cancer and Clinical ResearchAustin Publishing Group
 
The Skinny on he Role of Endoscopy in Bariatric Surgery
The Skinny on he Role of Endoscopy in Bariatric SurgeryThe Skinny on he Role of Endoscopy in Bariatric Surgery
The Skinny on he Role of Endoscopy in Bariatric SurgeryPatricia Raymond
 
The B-AHEAD 2 Trial: Randomised controlled trial of intermittent versus conti...
The B-AHEAD 2 Trial: Randomised controlled trial of intermittent versus conti...The B-AHEAD 2 Trial: Randomised controlled trial of intermittent versus conti...
The B-AHEAD 2 Trial: Randomised controlled trial of intermittent versus conti...World Cancer Research Fund International
 
Metabolic syndrome and bariatric surgery -An endocrine perspective
Metabolic syndrome and bariatric surgery -An endocrine perspectiveMetabolic syndrome and bariatric surgery -An endocrine perspective
Metabolic syndrome and bariatric surgery -An endocrine perspectiveDr Karthik Balachandran
 
Comparison of bariatric to metabolic surgery
Comparison of bariatric to metabolic surgeryComparison of bariatric to metabolic surgery
Comparison of bariatric to metabolic surgeryJohn Thanakumar
 
Bariatric Surgery: Options, Trends, and Latest Innovations
Bariatric Surgery: Options, Trends, and Latest InnovationsBariatric Surgery: Options, Trends, and Latest Innovations
Bariatric Surgery: Options, Trends, and Latest InnovationsGeorge S. Ferzli
 
Research Trends in Exercise and Colorectal Cancer Webinar
Research Trends in Exercise and Colorectal Cancer WebinarResearch Trends in Exercise and Colorectal Cancer Webinar
Research Trends in Exercise and Colorectal Cancer WebinarFight Colorectal Cancer
 
Phillips_US Noninferiority SAGB trial_2009
Phillips_US Noninferiority SAGB trial_2009 Phillips_US Noninferiority SAGB trial_2009
Phillips_US Noninferiority SAGB trial_2009 Jane Buchwald
 
Anthropometry: What Can We Measure & What Does It Mean? - Dr Anne McTiernan
Anthropometry: What Can We Measure & What Does It Mean? - Dr Anne McTiernanAnthropometry: What Can We Measure & What Does It Mean? - Dr Anne McTiernan
Anthropometry: What Can We Measure & What Does It Mean? - Dr Anne McTiernanWorld Cancer Research Fund International
 
Fatores de risco iu pós prostatectomia
Fatores de risco iu pós prostatectomiaFatores de risco iu pós prostatectomia
Fatores de risco iu pós prostatectomiaclaudiahacad
 
Indications & c.i in bariatric surgery
Indications & c.i in bariatric surgeryIndications & c.i in bariatric surgery
Indications & c.i in bariatric surgeryDr Sumeet Shah
 

What's hot (20)

The future of bariatric surgery
The future of bariatric surgeryThe future of bariatric surgery
The future of bariatric surgery
 
Metabolic surgery
Metabolic surgeryMetabolic surgery
Metabolic surgery
 
Latest Stomaphyx presentation
Latest Stomaphyx presentationLatest Stomaphyx presentation
Latest Stomaphyx presentation
 
Austin Journal of Cancer and Clinical Research
Austin Journal of Cancer and Clinical ResearchAustin Journal of Cancer and Clinical Research
Austin Journal of Cancer and Clinical Research
 
The Skinny on he Role of Endoscopy in Bariatric Surgery
The Skinny on he Role of Endoscopy in Bariatric SurgeryThe Skinny on he Role of Endoscopy in Bariatric Surgery
The Skinny on he Role of Endoscopy in Bariatric Surgery
 
The B-AHEAD 2 Trial: Randomised controlled trial of intermittent versus conti...
The B-AHEAD 2 Trial: Randomised controlled trial of intermittent versus conti...The B-AHEAD 2 Trial: Randomised controlled trial of intermittent versus conti...
The B-AHEAD 2 Trial: Randomised controlled trial of intermittent versus conti...
 
August 2019 - Recurrence: What now?
August 2019 - Recurrence: What now?August 2019 - Recurrence: What now?
August 2019 - Recurrence: What now?
 
Metabolic syndrome and bariatric surgery -An endocrine perspective
Metabolic syndrome and bariatric surgery -An endocrine perspectiveMetabolic syndrome and bariatric surgery -An endocrine perspective
Metabolic syndrome and bariatric surgery -An endocrine perspective
 
Ct in pc
Ct in pcCt in pc
Ct in pc
 
Radiation Induced Xerostomia & Pilocarpine
Radiation  Induced Xerostomia & PilocarpineRadiation  Induced Xerostomia & Pilocarpine
Radiation Induced Xerostomia & Pilocarpine
 
Comparison of bariatric to metabolic surgery
Comparison of bariatric to metabolic surgeryComparison of bariatric to metabolic surgery
Comparison of bariatric to metabolic surgery
 
Bariatric Surgery: Options, Trends, and Latest Innovations
Bariatric Surgery: Options, Trends, and Latest InnovationsBariatric Surgery: Options, Trends, and Latest Innovations
Bariatric Surgery: Options, Trends, and Latest Innovations
 
Innovations in endoluminal bariatric surgery
Innovations in endoluminal bariatric surgeryInnovations in endoluminal bariatric surgery
Innovations in endoluminal bariatric surgery
 
Research Trends in Exercise and Colorectal Cancer Webinar
Research Trends in Exercise and Colorectal Cancer WebinarResearch Trends in Exercise and Colorectal Cancer Webinar
Research Trends in Exercise and Colorectal Cancer Webinar
 
Phillips_US Noninferiority SAGB trial_2009
Phillips_US Noninferiority SAGB trial_2009 Phillips_US Noninferiority SAGB trial_2009
Phillips_US Noninferiority SAGB trial_2009
 
Anthropometry: What Can We Measure & What Does It Mean? - Dr Anne McTiernan
Anthropometry: What Can We Measure & What Does It Mean? - Dr Anne McTiernanAnthropometry: What Can We Measure & What Does It Mean? - Dr Anne McTiernan
Anthropometry: What Can We Measure & What Does It Mean? - Dr Anne McTiernan
 
Fatores de risco iu pós prostatectomia
Fatores de risco iu pós prostatectomiaFatores de risco iu pós prostatectomia
Fatores de risco iu pós prostatectomia
 
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF BARIATRIC SURGERY
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF BARIATRIC SURGERYPATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF BARIATRIC SURGERY
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF BARIATRIC SURGERY
 
Metabolic surgery
Metabolic surgery Metabolic surgery
Metabolic surgery
 
Indications & c.i in bariatric surgery
Indications & c.i in bariatric surgeryIndications & c.i in bariatric surgery
Indications & c.i in bariatric surgery
 

Similar to Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding Advantages and Outcomes

Evaluating Current Laparoscopic Applications In Surgery
Evaluating Current Laparoscopic Applications In SurgeryEvaluating Current Laparoscopic Applications In Surgery
Evaluating Current Laparoscopic Applications In SurgeryGeorge S. Ferzli
 
Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease
Gastro Esophageal Reflux DiseaseGastro Esophageal Reflux Disease
Gastro Esophageal Reflux DiseaseApollo Hospitals
 
Ueda 2016 bariatric surgery -fawzy el mosalamy
Ueda 2016 bariatric surgery -fawzy el mosalamyUeda 2016 bariatric surgery -fawzy el mosalamy
Ueda 2016 bariatric surgery -fawzy el mosalamyueda2015
 
Evidence based-medicine-and-cosmetic-surgery
Evidence based-medicine-and-cosmetic-surgeryEvidence based-medicine-and-cosmetic-surgery
Evidence based-medicine-and-cosmetic-surgerydrpouriamoradi
 
Evidence based medicine and cosmetic surgery
Evidence based medicine and cosmetic surgeryEvidence based medicine and cosmetic surgery
Evidence based medicine and cosmetic surgerydrmoradisyd
 
SHORT AND LONG TERM COMPLICATIONS FOLLOWING THE MINI-GASTRIC BYPASS
SHORT AND LONG TERM COMPLICATIONS FOLLOWING THE MINI-GASTRIC BYPASS SHORT AND LONG TERM COMPLICATIONS FOLLOWING THE MINI-GASTRIC BYPASS
SHORT AND LONG TERM COMPLICATIONS FOLLOWING THE MINI-GASTRIC BYPASS Dr. Robert Rutledge
 
Dr.NAGARJUNA JOURNAL - GUM CHEWING REDUCES POST OPERATIVE ILEUS?
Dr.NAGARJUNA JOURNAL - GUM CHEWING REDUCES POST OPERATIVE ILEUS?Dr.NAGARJUNA JOURNAL - GUM CHEWING REDUCES POST OPERATIVE ILEUS?
Dr.NAGARJUNA JOURNAL - GUM CHEWING REDUCES POST OPERATIVE ILEUS?Butkuri Nagarjuna
 
radiotherapy-pancreatic cancer
radiotherapy-pancreatic cancerradiotherapy-pancreatic cancer
radiotherapy-pancreatic cancerfondas vakalis
 
COLON CANCER
COLON CANCERCOLON CANCER
COLON CANCERPAIRS WEB
 
Liver stiffness measurement (fibroscan®)
Liver stiffness measurement (fibroscan®)Liver stiffness measurement (fibroscan®)
Liver stiffness measurement (fibroscan®)Samir Haffar
 
Long Term Outcomes following Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery
Long Term Outcomes following Laparoscopic Colorectal SurgeryLong Term Outcomes following Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery
Long Term Outcomes following Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgeryensteve
 
3DCRT vs IMRT in ca. stomach
3DCRT vs IMRT in ca. stomach3DCRT vs IMRT in ca. stomach
3DCRT vs IMRT in ca. stomachDrAkhileshMishra
 
Fast-track surgery - the role of the anaesthesiologist in ERAS
Fast-track surgery - the role of the anaesthesiologist in ERASFast-track surgery - the role of the anaesthesiologist in ERAS
Fast-track surgery - the role of the anaesthesiologist in ERASscanFOAM
 

Similar to Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding Advantages and Outcomes (20)

Aspectos paar decidir una conversión
Aspectos paar decidir una conversiónAspectos paar decidir una conversión
Aspectos paar decidir una conversión
 
Trials in esophageal cancer.pptx
Trials in esophageal cancer.pptxTrials in esophageal cancer.pptx
Trials in esophageal cancer.pptx
 
Outcomes of conversions in bariatric surgery mendoza 2011
Outcomes of conversions in bariatric surgery   mendoza 2011Outcomes of conversions in bariatric surgery   mendoza 2011
Outcomes of conversions in bariatric surgery mendoza 2011
 
Evaluating Current Laparoscopic Applications In Surgery
Evaluating Current Laparoscopic Applications In SurgeryEvaluating Current Laparoscopic Applications In Surgery
Evaluating Current Laparoscopic Applications In Surgery
 
Ca stomach chemo
Ca stomach chemoCa stomach chemo
Ca stomach chemo
 
Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease
Gastro Esophageal Reflux DiseaseGastro Esophageal Reflux Disease
Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease
 
Ueda 2016 bariatric surgery -fawzy el mosalamy
Ueda 2016 bariatric surgery -fawzy el mosalamyUeda 2016 bariatric surgery -fawzy el mosalamy
Ueda 2016 bariatric surgery -fawzy el mosalamy
 
Evidence based-medicine-and-cosmetic-surgery
Evidence based-medicine-and-cosmetic-surgeryEvidence based-medicine-and-cosmetic-surgery
Evidence based-medicine-and-cosmetic-surgery
 
Evidence based medicine and cosmetic surgery
Evidence based medicine and cosmetic surgeryEvidence based medicine and cosmetic surgery
Evidence based medicine and cosmetic surgery
 
Robotic surgery and cancer gastrointestinal and thoracic
Robotic surgery and cancer  gastrointestinal and thoracicRobotic surgery and cancer  gastrointestinal and thoracic
Robotic surgery and cancer gastrointestinal and thoracic
 
Albumin (2008)
Albumin (2008)Albumin (2008)
Albumin (2008)
 
Colon cancer chemotherapy trials
Colon cancer  chemotherapy trialsColon cancer  chemotherapy trials
Colon cancer chemotherapy trials
 
SHORT AND LONG TERM COMPLICATIONS FOLLOWING THE MINI-GASTRIC BYPASS
SHORT AND LONG TERM COMPLICATIONS FOLLOWING THE MINI-GASTRIC BYPASS SHORT AND LONG TERM COMPLICATIONS FOLLOWING THE MINI-GASTRIC BYPASS
SHORT AND LONG TERM COMPLICATIONS FOLLOWING THE MINI-GASTRIC BYPASS
 
Dr.NAGARJUNA JOURNAL - GUM CHEWING REDUCES POST OPERATIVE ILEUS?
Dr.NAGARJUNA JOURNAL - GUM CHEWING REDUCES POST OPERATIVE ILEUS?Dr.NAGARJUNA JOURNAL - GUM CHEWING REDUCES POST OPERATIVE ILEUS?
Dr.NAGARJUNA JOURNAL - GUM CHEWING REDUCES POST OPERATIVE ILEUS?
 
radiotherapy-pancreatic cancer
radiotherapy-pancreatic cancerradiotherapy-pancreatic cancer
radiotherapy-pancreatic cancer
 
COLON CANCER
COLON CANCERCOLON CANCER
COLON CANCER
 
Liver stiffness measurement (fibroscan®)
Liver stiffness measurement (fibroscan®)Liver stiffness measurement (fibroscan®)
Liver stiffness measurement (fibroscan®)
 
Long Term Outcomes following Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery
Long Term Outcomes following Laparoscopic Colorectal SurgeryLong Term Outcomes following Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery
Long Term Outcomes following Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery
 
3DCRT vs IMRT in ca. stomach
3DCRT vs IMRT in ca. stomach3DCRT vs IMRT in ca. stomach
3DCRT vs IMRT in ca. stomach
 
Fast-track surgery - the role of the anaesthesiologist in ERAS
Fast-track surgery - the role of the anaesthesiologist in ERASFast-track surgery - the role of the anaesthesiologist in ERAS
Fast-track surgery - the role of the anaesthesiologist in ERAS
 

Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding Advantages and Outcomes

  • 1. Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding Adam Kopelan, MD Acting Chairman of Surgery Newark Beth Israel Medical Center
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 7. REALIZE ® Band
  • 8.
  • 9. Comparing Weight Loss Results Reference: 1. O’Brien P, McPhail T, Chaston T, et al. Systematic review of medium-term weight loss after bariatric operations. Obes Surg . 2006:16;1032-40. Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) provides effective weight loss after 3 years, comparable to that seen with standard gastric bypass 1 *LAGB using the LAP-BAND ® System and another adjustable gastric band. Comparison is based on pooled data from 43 peer-reviewed reports involving at least 100 patients at entry and providing at least 3 years postoperative data.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13. Comparison of Average Recovery Time 1 Reference: 1. Fisher BL. Comparison of recovery time after open and laparoscopic gastric bypass and laparoscopic adjustable banding. Obesity Surgery. 2004;14;67-72. The LAP-BAND ® System n=21 Open Bypass n=20 Lap. Bypass n=19 Length of Hospital Stay (Days) 1.3 3.5 2.5 Days to Normal Activity 7.2 17.6 18.2 Recovery (Days) 15.8 29.1 21.7
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16. EXPANDED CRITERIA J.B. Dixon et al. JAMA (2008) 299(3):316-323
  • 17. EXPANDED CRITERIA J.B. Dixon et al. JAMA (2008) 299(3):316-323
  • 18. EXPANDED CRITERIA MONTHS S. Sultan et al. Surg Endosc (2009) 23:1569-1573
  • 19. EXPANDED CRITERIA MONTHS S. Sultan et al. Surg Endosc (2009) 23:1569-1573
  • 20. EXPANDED CRITERIA S. Sultan et al. Surg Endosc (2009) 23:1569-1573
  • 21.

Editor's Notes

  1. With the LAP-BAND ® System, weight loss is slow and gentle—not as rapid from the start as with Gastric Bypass. Regular follow-up visits for nutrition and exercise education as well as for adjustments are necessary, however, for optimum results.
  2. Although initial weight loss with Gastric Bypass is typically very rapid, at 5 years many LAP-BAND ® System and Gastric Bypass patients achieve comparable weight loss results. 55% of excess weight for the LAP-BAND ® System versus 59% with Gastric Bypass. * O’Brien P, McPhail T, Chaston T, et al. Systematic review of medium-term weight loss after bariatric operations. Obes Surg. 2006: 16; 1032-1040.
  3. The LAP-BAND® System procedure is major surgery. As with any surgery there are possible risks and complications with the LAP-BAND® System including but not limited to infection, nausea, vomiting, band slippage and obstruction. all can be corrected with additional laparoscopic surgery. There is also a risk associated with the patients ability to tolerate an foreign object implanted in the body. Not all risks and complications are included in this presentation. For detailed risk information please visit www.lapband.com.
  4. Prospective study on lap bariatric procedures with complications categorized using Clavien’s methodology (Clavien P. Proposed classification of complications of surgery with examples of utility in cholecystectomy. Surgery 1992; 111:518-526) for severity scores. Grade 3 and 4 are considered “major.” Grade Definition LAP-BAND® System RYGB BPD 1 Events carrying minor risk IV for hydration, hospitalized for nausea IV for hydration, hospitalized for nausea IV for hydration, hospitalized for nausea 2 Events requiring drug therapy, transfusions, hospital stay > 2x median stay Prolonged LOS for post-op edema Leak managed with TPN, PE Pancreatis, delayed gastric emptying 2b Events requiring endoscopy or reop (not requiring organ resection) Port or band revision Reop for bleeding, exploratory lap Reop for bleeding, exploratory lap 3 Events with lasting disability or requiring organ resection Sigmoid esophagus Revision of anastomosis, bowel resection Revision of anastomosis, bowel resection 4 Death Death Death Death
  5. * Need full reference