Presentation to the clean tech forum by the solar focused subgroup (6/9/09)

1. The Business and Technology of the Solar Industry Solar Subgroup of the Clean Tech Forum June 9, 2009

3. Alternative Energy Industry Overview

5. Solar PV Technologies

6. Solar Efficiency Efficiency

7. Technological Comparison Technology Advantage Disadvantage c-Si High efficiency Abundance of material High cost to manufacture High cost of materials a-Si Low cost Abundant and safe material Low efficiency Degrades with temperature increase CIGS High efficiency Low cost Bandgap tunability Scarcity of Indium Cd is toxic Reliability has not been tested CdTe Low cost Te is scarce Cd is toxic Concentrating solar High efficiency Low cost Takes up a lot of room Transmission of energy over long distances

9. Silicon Solar Cell Manufacturing Flow Monocrystalline Si Cell Amorphous Si Cell Amorphous Si & Microcrystalline Cell

11. Thin Film Solar Cell Manufacturing Process Resulting Structure TCO contact Process Step Technology Used TCO Deposition, Front and Scribing Active Layer Deposition Activation Scribing and TCO Deposition, Back Interconnect and Encapsulation Sputtering and Laser Co-evaporation or Sputtering or Ink Jet Printing or Electro deposition Chemical Bath or PVD (Phys Vapor Dep) Mechanical and Sputtering Lamination Annealing & Sulfurization or RTA CdS Deposition Substrate Substrate Substrate Substrate Substrate Substrate Active layer Sulfurization CdS layer Interconnect

12. Examples of Final Products Single Crystal Solar Cell-i.e. Sunpower Polycrystalline Solar Cell-i.e. Q-Cell Flexible thin film cell Thin film cell Solar cell lamp picture Solar Cell Application

13. Product Evaluation Solar Simulator Radiation of 5 – 10 suns Solar Cell is exposed Its Current/Voltage is measured Cells classified according to output efficiency Cells then matched together to form module .

18. Comparative ROI Calculation Panel Type, Supplier Sharp-PPA (leased system) Sharp First Solar BP Solar SunPower Cell Technology Std Eff Silicon Std Eff Silicon Thin Film CdS/CdTe Std Eff Silicon Hi Energy Mono Silicon Area used on roof Square Feet 246 246 402 221 214 System Rating kWh 2.9 2.9 2.4 2.4 2.9 System Cost $4,194 and $107/mo $24,669 $20,439 $22,939 $28,148 Cost net Rebates $4,194 $14,103 $10,660 $13,566 $16,626 Panel Degradation In years 20% in 25 yrs 20% in 25 yrs 10% at 10 years, 20% at 25 years 10% at 12 years, 20% at 25 years 20% in 25 years Ave AC Bill Monthly Savings $152 $152 $100 $120 $150 BREAK EVEN POINT 7 Years 7 Years 8 Years 8 Years 8 Years If 5% AC cost increase per year, savings at year 18 $13,196 $44,576 $28,454 $34,947 $43,843

33. Examples of Thin Film Cells Q-Cell Q-Cell Q-Cell Q-Cell Q-Cell

34. Thin Film PV Companies in US a-Si/Thin-Si CdTe CIGS Applied Materials –CA First Solar –OH Global Solar –AZ XsunX –CA Solar Fields –OH Miasole –CA OptiSolar –CA Xunlight 26 Solar –OH ISET –CA Signet Solar –CA Primestar Solar –CO Nanosolar –CA Innovalight –CA AVA Solar –CO Solo Power –CA Nanogram –CA Nuvo Solar Energy –CO Solyndra –CA Soltaix –CA Canrom –NY Stion –CA Sierra Solar Power –CA Ascentool –CA Energy PV –NJ Uni-Solar –MI Solexant –CA RESI –NJ Power Films –IA Bloom Solar –CA Ascent Solar –CO Energy PV –NJ Zia Watt Solar –TX ITN/ES –CO Nano PV –NJ Sunovia –FL Daystar –NY MV Systems –CO NewCve –GA Heliovolt –TX Proto Flex –CO Ampulse –TN

35. Comparative ROI Calculation Panel Type, Supplier Sharp-PPA Sharp First Solar BP Solar SunPower Model No. ND-198U1F ND-198U1F FS-276 BP175 SP2-210 Cell Technology Std Eff Silicon Std Eff Silicon Thin Film CdS/CdTe Std Eff Silicon Hi Energy Mono Silicon Area used on roof Square Feet 246 246 402 221 214 System Rating CEC A C KWh 2.9 2.9 2.4 2.4 2.9 System Cost $4,194 and $107/mo $24,669 $20,439 $22,939 $28,148 Cost net Rebates $4,194 $14,103 $10,660 $13,566 $16,626 Panel Degradation In years 80% in 25 yrs 80% in 25 yrs 90% at 10 years, 80% at 25 years 90% at 12 years, 80% at 25 years 80% in 25 years Degradation used in calculation 0.005 per year 0.005 per year 0.008 per year 0.005 per year 0.005 per year OTHER MONITORING, Buy out $13,195 at 5 years, $3,564 at 18 years/end MONITORING PREPAID RECYCLING, MONITORING NONE, monitoring system not included NONE, monitoring system not included Ave AC Bill Monthly Savings $152 $152 $100 $120 $150 BREAK EVEN POINT 7 Years 7 Years 8 Years 8 Years 8 Years If 5% AC cost increase per year, savings at year 18 $13,196 $44,576 $28,454 $34,947 $43,843 If 2% AC cost increase per year, savings at year 18 $10,863 $36,692 $24,140 $28,767 $36,089