This document discusses different types of traction used in orthopedics. It defines traction as applying a stretching force to parts of the body. Traction is used to reduce fractures and dislocations, immobilize painful joints, prevent deformity, and correct soft tissue contractures. The document describes different methods of skin traction including Buck's traction and Bryant's traction, as well as skeletal traction using pins in the femur, tibia, or calcaneus. Complications of traction include infection, nerve injury, and distraction at the fracture site.
2. WHAT IS TRACTION ?
Traction - the application of a force to
stretch certain parts of the body in a
specific direction
3. WHY DO WE NEED TRACTION ?
Reduction of fractures and dislocations and their
maintenance
For immobilizing a painful, inflamed joint
For the prevention of deformity, by counteracting
the muscle spasms associated with painful joint
conditions.
For correction of soft tissue contractures by
stretching them out
6. FIXED TRACTION
Traction is applied to the leg against a fixed point of
counter pressure.
Fixed traction inThomas’s splint
Roger Anderson well-leg traction
Halo-PelvicTraction
7. THOMAS SPLINT
Used for # shaft of femur
Counter traction provided by ischealTuberosity
8. SLIDING TRACTION
When the weight of all or part of the body,
acting under the influence of gravity, is utilized
to provide counter-traction.
9. TYPES OF TRACTION ON
APPLICATION
Skin traction
Adhesive
Non – adhesive
SkeletalTraction
11. SKIN TRACTION
Traction force is applied over a large area of
skin
Applied over limb distal to fracture site
Anteromedial and posterolateral part should
be covered with cotton.
12. SKIN TRACTION
Adhesive skin traction:
Maximum weight 6.7 kg
Non-adhesive skin traction
Maximum weight should not exceed 4.5 kg
Used in thin and atrophic skin,
skin sensitive to adhesive strapping.
13. COMMON SKIN TRACTIONS
Buck’sTraction
Hamilton RusselTraction
Tulloch BrownTraction
Gallow’s or Brayant’sTraction
Modified Brayan’sTraction
14. Buck’s Traction
Often used
preoperatively for
femoral fractures
Can use tape
No more than 5 kgs
15. HAMILTON RUSSEL TRACTION
Below knee skin traction is applied
A broad soft sling is placed under the knee
16. BRYANT’S (GALLOW’S )
TRACTION
the treatment of fracture shaft femur in
children up to age of 2 yrs.
Weight of child should be less than 15- 18 kg
Above knee skin traction is applied bilaterally
Tie the traction to the over head
beam.
17. MODIFIED BRYANT’S TRACTION
Sometimes used as a initial
management of developmental
dysplasia of hip (1YR)
After 5 days of Bryant’s traction,
abduction of both hips is begun
increased by about 10 degree
alternate days.
By three weeks hips should be fully
abducted.
18. SKIN TRACTION
COMPLICATIONS Of Adhesive SkinTraction :
Allergic reactions to adhesives.
Excoriation of skin.
Pressure sores over bony prominences and
tendoachillis.
Common peroneal nerve palsy.
20. SKELETAL TRACTION
pin or wire
more frequently used in lower limb fractures
Should be reserved for those cases in which
skin traction is insufficient.
Generally used when more weight is needed
to give traction.
To treat fractures conservatively.
22. SOME SKELETAL TRACTIONS
Lateral or Upper FemoralTraction
Nintey / Nintey traction
Olecrenone traction
Perkin’sTraction
23. LATERAL or UPPER FEMORAL
TRACTION
For the management of central
fracture dislocation of the hip
about 2.5 cm from most prominent
part of greater trochanter mid way
between ant. And post. surface of
femur
threaded screw
Attach weight upto 9 kgs
Traction to continued for about 4-6 wks
24. NINETY / NINETY TRACTION
Used for sub trochanteric fractures and those
in the proximal third of the shaft of the femur
Management of fractures with posterior
wound is easier
Traction is given through lower femoral pin,
which is more efficient, or by upper tibial pin.
28. Head Halter traction
Simple type cervical
traction
Management of neck pain
Weight should not exceed
3 kg initially
Can only be used a few
hours at a time
Head end should be
elevated to give counter
traction
No matter how complicated a fracture might appear to be, traction will often times pull the fragments into alignment very nicely.
the traction cords are tied to the distal end of the splint and the counter-traction force passes along the side bars of the splint to the ring and hence to the body proximal to the attachment of the muscles in spasm.