1. Chemical attributes of a silvopastoral
system with legume trees and signal
grass in the Brazilian savanna
Oral presentation
World Congress on Agroforestry – Delhi - India
2014
Rodrigo Martins Alves de Mendonça
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - BRAZIL

2. INTRODUCTION

3. South America

4. Brazil

5. •
•
•
BRAZILIAN SAVANNAH
“CERRADO”
204 million ha
~67% of the land area of India
55% of natural vegetation
substituted by agriculture and
pastures (Sano et al., 2008)

6. The “Cerrado”
Total production of Brazil
• 40% of cattle and soybean;
• 20% of rice, corn and coffee
• 10% of beans, sugarcane
and cassava
(Martha Junior & Vilela 2002)
Source: Woods Hole R.C. (2013)

7. MATERIALS AND METHODS

8. Climatology
1,471 mm
15.1oC
27.9 oC

9. 35.3 ha
26.5 ha

10. 19/2/2014
10

11. SILVOPASTURE
Pterodon
emarginatus
Urochloa
brizantha
19/2/2014
11

12. SILVOPASTURE
16/9/2013
12

13. CONTROL AREA
19/2/2014
13

17. Results of soil chemical
analysis
Table 2: Average values of chemical attributes on a silvopasture system (SP) and open pasture control area (CT), up to 140 cm deep
Depth
Ca
Mg
K
Al
H+Al
BS
cm
cmolc (dm3)-1
%
SP
CT
SP
CT
SP CT Systems SP CT Systems SP CT SP CT
-10
0.26 aB 0.55 aA 0.12 aB 0.30 aA 0.07 0.09 0.08 a 0.86 0.55 0.72 a 5.84 3.48 9.70 21.37
-20
0.12 bB 0.25 bA 0.10 a 0.13 ab 0.07 0.06 0.07 a 0.84 0.60 0.73 a 5.60 3.85 6.12 10.33
-40
0.20 abA 0.20 bA 0.04 ab 0.10 abc 0.04 0.04 0.04 b 0.74 0.48 0.62 a 5.40 3.38 6.68 9.27
-100
0.16 abA 0.18 bA 0.00 b 0.00 c 0.02 0.02 0.02 c 0.46 0.28 0.38 b 4.58 2.60 4.46 7.52
-140
0.12 bA 0.15 bA 0.00 b 0.03 bc 0.01 0.01 0.01 d 0.38 0.05 0.23 b 4.22 2.08 3.44 8.60
Averages followed by different lowercase letters in the lines are different among depths (p<0.05 Tukey Test)
Averages followed by different capital letters in the columns, are different among treatments (p<0.05 Tukey Test)
Systems
14.89
7.99
7.83
5.82
5.73
a
b
b
b
b

18. Table 2: Average values of chemical attributes on a sil
Depth
Ca
Mg
cm
SP
CT
SP
CT
-10
0.26 aB 0.55 aA 0.12 aB 0.30 a
Less than half
-20
0.12 bB 0.25 bA 0.10 a 0.13 a
-40
0.20 abA 0.20 bA 0.04 ab 0.10 ab
-100
0.16 abA 0.18 bA 0.00 b 0.00 c
-140
0.12 bA 0.15 bA 0.00 b 0.03 b

20. erage values of chemical attributes onofachemical attributes on(SP)
Table 2: Average values silvopasture system a silv
Ca Depth
Mg Ca
Mg K
3 -1
cmolc (dm )
cm
SP
CT
SP
CT
SP CT CT
Syste
SP
CT
SP
0.26 aB 0.55-10 0.12 aBaB 0.30 aA 0.07 One third a
aA 0.26
0.09 0.08
0.55 aA 0.12 aB 0.30
0.25 bA 0.10 a
0.12 bB 0.25-20 0.10 a bB 0.13 ab 0.07 0.06 0.13 a
bA 0.12
0.07
0.20 abA 0.20-40 0.04 ab 0.10 abc 0.04 ab 0.10 ab
bA 0.20 abA 0.20 bA 0.04 0.04 0.04
-100
0.16
0.18
0.00 b
0.16 abA 0.18 bA 0.00 babA0.00 cbA 0.02 0.02 0.00 c
0.02
-140
0.12
0.15
0.00 b
0.12 bA 0.15 bA 0.00 b bA 0.03 bcbA 0.01 0.01 0.03 b
0.01

21. • K, Al, B, Zn and Base Saturation did not
differ among systems but decreased with
depth;

22. Table 3: Average values of chemical attributes on a silvopasture system (SP) and open pa
Depth
Cu
Fe
B
mg (dm3)-1
cm
SP
CT Systems SP
CT Systems SP CT Syst
-10
1.10
0.67
0.91 a 130.80 72.00
3.44 a 0.11 0.07 3.44
-20
1.04
0.55
0.82 a 77.60 44.00
2.54 b 0.11 0.07 2.54
-40
0.86
0.40
0.66 bc 56.20 28.50
2.20 c 0.09 0.05 2.20
-100 0.68
0.30
0.51 c 29.20 13.50
1.64 d 0.05 0.06 1.64
-140 0.46
0.28
0.38 c 17.40
8.75
1.23 e 0.05 0.06 1.23
All depths 0.83 A 0.44 B
62.24 A 33.35 B
Averages followed by different lowercase letters in the lines are different among depths (p<0.05 Tukey Test)
Averages followed by different capital letters in the columns, are different among treatments (p<0.05 Tukey Test)

23. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Depth
cm
P
Water pH
S
OM
dag kg-1
SP
-10
-20
-40
-100
-140
All depths
OC
mg (dm 3)-1
CT
SP
CT
Systems
SP
CT
4.88
4.90
4.84
4.96
5.02
4.92 B
5.08
5.02
5.15
5.20
5.28
5.15
0.76
0.44
0.38
0.32
0.30
0.85
0.53
0.33
0.25
0.28
0.80 a
0.48 b
0.36 bc
0.29 c
0.29 c
5.00
3.80
4.00
4.20
3.20
3.75
4.25
2.75
2.75
2.50
A
Systems
4.44
4.00
3.44
3.56
2.89
a
ab
ab
ab
b
SP
CT
2.07
1.60
1.42
1.08
0.83
1.40
1.90
1.32
1.10
0.80
0.56
1.14 B
A
Systems
Averages followed by different lowercase letters in the lines are different among depths (p<0.05 Tukey Test)
Averages followed by different capital letters in the columns, are different among treatments (p<0.05 Tukey Test)
2.00
1.48
1.28
0.95
0.71
a
b
c
d
e
SP
CT
3.58
2.76
2.44
1.86
1.44
2.42
3.27
2.28
1.90
1.38
0.97
1.96 B
A
Systems
3.44
2.54
2.20
1.64
1.23
a
b
c
d
e

24. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
OC
Depth
cm
P
Water pH
mg (dm 3)-1
SP
SP
-10
-20
-40
-100
-140
All depths
dag kg-1
OC
S
CT
SP
CT
Systems
SP
CT
4.88
4.90
4.84
4.96
5.02
4.92 B
5.08
5.02
5.15
5.20
5.28
5.15
0.76
0.44
0.38
0.32
0.30
0.85
0.53
0.33
0.25
0.28
0.80 a
0.48 b
0.36 bc
0.29 c
0.29 c
5.00
3.80
4.00
4.20
3.20
3.75
4.25
2.75
2.75
2.50
A
CT
Systems SP
2.07
4.44
4.00
3.44
3.56
2.89
OM
dag kg-1
Systems
CT
Systems
1.90
2.00
a 2.07
1.90
2.00 a
1.601.60 1.32
1.48
ab
1.32
1.48 b
1.421.42 1.10
1.28
ab
1.10
1.28 c
ab
0.80
0.95 d
1.081.08 0.80
0.95
b 0.83
0.56
0.71 e
0.831.40 A 0.56 B 0.71
1.14
1.40 A 1.14 B
23%
Averages followed by different lowercase letters in the lines are different among depths (p<0.05 Tukey Test)
Averages followed by different capital letters in the columns, are different among treatments (p<0.05 Tukey Test)
SP
a
3.58
b
2.76
c
2.44
1.86
d
1.44
e
2.42
CT
A
3.27
2.28
1.90
1.38
0.97
1.96 B
Systems
3.44
2.54
2.20
1.64
1.23
a
b
c
d
e

25. 0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
1.40
Organic Carbon dag kg-1
1.60 1.80 2.00 2.20
0
-20
-40
-60
Depth
cm
-80
-100
-120
-140
CT
SP

26. CONCLUSIONS
• The Cerrado tree, Pterodon
emarginatus, in SPS, extracted more Ca
and Mg from 0-20 cm layers than
pasture alone.
• Fertilization of SPS might increase the
pasture production up to the light limit.

27. ...CONCLUSIONS
• SPS had higher levels of organic carbon
and organic matter;
• Organic carbon increased soil
equilibrium fertility and captured and
sequestered carbon from atmosphere.

28. THANK YOU!
19/2/2014
28

29. ACKNOWLEGMENTS
• Amilton Naves, the owner of the farm where the
experiment took place;
• Colegiado do Programa de Pós-graduação em
Zootecnia da Escola de Veterinaria da Universidade
Federal de Minas Gerais, which financed the
participation in the congress;
• Prof. PK Nair, Prof. Vimala Nair and Gregory Toth who
exchanged knowledge at University of Florida;
• Laboratorio de Analise de Solos e Calcarios da
Universidade Federal de Uberlandia
• CAPES, Exagro, Cnpq