1. Groundnut
Targe&ng crop breeding and seed
delivery efforts to enhance impacts on
rural livelihoods in drought prone areas
Team
J Ndjeunga, C Ban4lan, B Shiferaw, PP
Rao, KPC Rao, NARES of India, Mali,
Nigeria, Niger and ESA

2. Outline
• Baseline results
• Situa4on and outlook
• Challenges
• Lessons learned

3. Baseline results

4. Region/Project countries
Region Project country
WCA Mali
Niger
Nigeria
ESA Malawi
Tanzania
Mozambique
Asia India

5. M&E Indicators
• Varie&es currently • Preferences along
planted the value chain
• % uptake levels of • Gender access to
varie&es planted produc&ve resources
• Current yields • Seed sources
• Marketable surplus • Seed transac&ons
• Reasons for not • Level of input use
plan&ng varie&es

6. Rulling varie4es
TMV‐2; Co2; VRI2; Malai POL2 and
–
TMV7 in India,
Chalimbana; CG7 in Malawi (ESA)
–
55‐437 in Niger and Nigeria (WCA)
–
47‐10 and 28‐206 in Mali (WCA)
–

7. Uptake levels in 2007/08
In ESA Chalimbana (84%), CG7 (53%),
Manipintar (11%)
In India
TMV‐2 (64‐100%)
In WCA
55‐437 (74% in Niger and 72% in Nigeria)
47‐10 (41%) in Mali
RRB (12%) in Niger
SAMNUT 21, 22 and 23 about 23% in Nigeria
JL24, Fleur 11, ICGV 86124, ICGV 86015 43% in Mali

8. Yield gaps
• In West Africa
– Niger (current: 537 kg/ha)
– Nigeria (Current: 850 kg/ha)
– Mali (Current: 676 kg/ha)
• In Malawi
– Current 610 kg/ha

9. Marketable surplus
• In WCA
– Niger (76% of total hh produc&on sold)
– Mali (74% )
– Nigeria (64%)
• In Malawi
– 35 % of total produc&on sold

10. Major reasons for not plan4ng some
varie4es
• Seed availability (42% in Niger, 39% in Niger
and 34% in Mali)
• Losses due to drought (24%) & low oil content
(18%) in Niger
• Late maturity (13%), low mkt value (13%) and
low yield (8%) in Nigeria

11. Preferences – value chain (1)
Farmers Commissioned agents /traders
Higher yield Bigger grain size
Drought High oil content
Pest and disease resistance Free of pest and disease
More oil content High shelling percentage
Best taste Uniformity of seed and shape
Good keeping quality
Good fodder quality
Higher price
Large seed

12. Preferences – value chain (2)
Consumers
Processors Large seed size
Larger seed size Good taste
Low physical impurities Clean oil color
High shelling percentage
Retailers
Larger seed size
Cleanliness HOW?
Taste
Matching research priorities
with preferences of actors
along the value chain

13. Gender
• In the Dosso, region in Niger
– Poorest land
– Smaller plots (0.96 ha women vs. 2.30 ha for men)
– More efficient (734 kg/ha against 410 kg/ha men)
– No difference on access to other inputs
– Low access to agricultural equipment

14. Seed sources in Niger
Country
Source Niger Malawi
Own harvest 69.35 58
Village markets & seed traders 12.65 16
Extension services 1.15 ‐
Family to farmers 7.28 8
ICRISAT 1.53 ‐
Coopera4ves 10.35 ‐
Trials 0.38 ‐

15. Seed transac4ons in Niger
Niger
Type of transac4ons
Free 54.96
Credit reimbursed in nature 7.27
Credit for cash 1.82
Cash 18.91
Barter 1.09
Seed exchange 16.00

16. Use of other inputs / assets (%hh)
Input/assets Malawi Niger
Own radio (%) 50 75
Own cell phones (%) 5 20
Use of fer&lizers (kg/ha) 6/14 3
Chemical use (%) 0 0

17. Constraints limi4ng groundnut
produc4on
• Limited access to credit
• Agricultural equipment
• Limited access to informa&on on
varie&es
• Limited access / availability to seed
• Commercializa&on

18. Situa4on and outlook

19. Situa4on and outlook (1)
• In Asia
– Report available on produc&on, trade,
consump&on and u&liza&on..
– Several scenarios based on yield and income
growth using IMPACT WATER model
– Groundnut trend have weakened but yield
improvement con&nues to be the major driver of
growth in most Asian countries

20. Situa4on and outlook (2)
• In ESA
– Completed for groundnut in Malawi
– Sub‐sector analyses published on TLII website
– Constraints sub‐sector efficiency
• Current seed systems
• Enforcement of quality standards
– Need to
• Increase produc4vity
• Strengthening seed delivery systems
• Development of value chains

21. Situa4on and outlook (2)
• In WCA
– Groundnut export decreased 55% to 20%
– Imports of soybean and palm oil have more than
doubled
– Since 1984, groundnut produc4on is increasing
6% annually,
– Constraints sub‐sector efficiency
• Lower produc4vity
• Aflatoxin regula4ons, stricter grades and standards

22. Challenges
• Strengthening the NARS and other partners
• Design a public/private sector partnership ‐ Geing
the private sector involved in the seed industry?
• Beker integra4on of input ands product markets
• Overcome aflatoxin problems ‐ major bokleneck to
trade
• Design sustainable produc4on and delivery schemes
• Focus in smaller areas and show impact
• Market development for input and product markets

23. Lessons learned (1/2)
• NARES need to be strengthened in
– survey design,
– data collec4on and analysis,
– write‐up; and,
– monitoring and evalua4on
• Agribusiness incuba4on
• Value chain approach

24. Lessons learned (2/2)
• There is a need for beker targe4ng in scale
and scope.
• Need to look at the groundnut issues along
the value chain.
• How to re‐create those condi4ons with the
private sector?
• Aflatoxin is a significant issue that needs to
tackled in the future

25. I Thank You!