1. Prevention Of Dengue
An overview…
M. Afzal Naeem (Lecturer in Botany)
Govt. Post Graduate College of Science,
Samanabad, Faisalabad.
2. Dengue fever is a virus infection caused by
the dengue virus. There are 4 kinds of
dengue viruses.
Close up of Aedes aegypti Mosquito
3.
4. 50-100 million dengue fever infections per
year globally
500,000 cases of severe dengue, dengue
hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome
100-200 cases annually in U.S.
Average case fatality 5%
5. Endemic in more than 100 tropical and
subtropical countries.
Pandemic began in Southeast Asia after WW
II with subsequent global spread.
Several epidemics since 1980s.
Distribution is comparable to malaria.
6.
7. • New infections annually: 50 million
• Deaths: 24,000 annually
• People at risk: 2.5-3 billion
• Hospitalized cases: 500 000/year
(90% of those affected are children)
• Disease burden: 465,000 Disability
Adjusted Life Years (DALY)
12. Dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic
fever are the most common mosquito-
borne viral disease in the world.
Only the female mosquito feeds on blood.
This is because they need the protein found
in blood to produce eggs. Male mosquitoes
feed only on plant nectar.
13. The mosquito is attracted by the body
odors, carbon dioxide and heat emitted
from the animal or humans.
•The female Aedes mosquito searches for
suitable places to lay their eggs.
•Aedes are day-biters, most active during
dawn and dusk.
16. Transmitted by the bite
of Aedes mosquito
(Aedes aegypti)
Incubation 3-14 days
Acute illness and
viremia 3-7 days
Recovery or progression
to leakage phase
17. ASYMPTOMATIC
Undifferentiated
Fever
Without haemorrhage
SYMPTOMATIC Dengue Fever
With unusual haemorrhage
Dengue No shock
Haemorrhagic
Fever DSS
18. May be the most common manifestation of
dengue
Prospective study found that 87% of students
infected were either asymptomatic or only
mildly symptomatic
Other prospective studies including all age-
groups also demonstrate silent transmission
DS Burke, et al. A prospective study of dengue infections
in Bangkok. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1988; 38:172-80.
21. 1. Fever, or recent history of acute fever
2. Hemorrhagic manifestations
3. Low platelet count (100,000/mm3 or less)
4. Objective evidence of “leaky capillaries:”
◦ elevated hematocrit (20% or more over
baseline)
◦ low albumin
◦ pleural or other effusions
22. Abdominal pain - intense and sustained
Persistent vomiting
Abrupt change from fever to hypothermia,
with sweating and prostration
Restlessness or somnolence
Martínez Torres E. Salud Pública Mex 37 (supl):29-44, 1995.
24. All above treatment +
– In case of severe bleeding, give fresh whole blood
20 ml/kg as a bolus
– Give platelet rich plasma transfusion
exceptionally when platelet counts are below
5,000–10,000/ mm3 .
– After blood transfusion, continue fluid therapy at
10 ml/kg/h and reduce it stepwise to bring it down
to 3 ml/kg/h and maintain it for 24-48 hrs
25. Papaya Juice vs. Dengue ?
Raw papaya leaves, 2 pcs just cleaned and pound
and squeeze with filter cloth. You will only get one
tablespoon per leaf. So two tablespoon per serving
once a day.
Do not boil or cook or rinse with hot water, it will
loose its strength. Only the leafy part and no stem
or sap.
It is very bitter and you have to swallow it like Won
Low Kat. But it works.
Source: from Indonesia March 2005
26. Biological:
Target larval stage of Aedes in large water
storage containers
Larvivorous fish (Gambusia), endotoxin
producing bacteria (Bacillus), copepod
crustaceans (mesocyclops)
Chemical:
Insecticide treatment of water containers
Space spraying (thermal fogs)
36. A. STATE/ GOVERNMENT B. COMMUNITY LEVEL C. INDIVIDUAL MEASURES
LEVEL MEASURES MEASURES
1. ERADICATION OF MOSQUITO 1. FORMULATE A HEALTH 1. SHEILDING THE HOME ,
BREEDING SITES & MOSQUITO RELATED REPRESENTAIVE BODY OWNSELF & FAMILY FROM
ERADICATION MOSQUITOES
2. STOP FORMATION OF 2. MOSQUITO ERADICATION
MOSQUITO BREEDING SITES & DO
MOSQUITO ERADICATION
2. HEALTH EDUCATION 3. PARTICPATION IN HEALTH 3. EDUCATING MEMBERS OF
PROGRAMMES FAMILY
3. DIAGNOSIS & TREATMENT OF 4. COMMUNITY BASED 4. CONSULTING THE PHYSICIANS
DENGUE CASES MECHANISM OF REFERAL & ON SEEING SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS
TRANSPORTATION OF SUSPECTED AS EARLY AS POSSIBLE.
CASES
37.
38. It is the prime duty of the government to
clean up all mosquito breeding sites e.g.
Stagnant Water Ponds
Garbage Heaps
Choked Sewerage and drainage system
Regular Anti Mosquito spray in all localities
3.Lifting the living standard of people and
bringing them out of slums
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49. I. Continuous liaison with Health Department
II. To be aware of and spread the awareness about
the Health Programmes offered by the
Government and to efficiently participate in them.
III. To raise funds for the betterment of community
health
IV. To keep a vigilant eye on proper execution of
Health Related Programmes offered by
Government.
50.
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52.
53. This is what you can do to help…
Change water in vases on alternate days.
66. Spread the dengue prevention message to
others…
Let your family,
friends and
neighbours know
about the dangers
67.
68.
69. Itcan carry the dengue virus and
infect a healthy person with dengue
fever.
70. Name the 5 steps in the 10-Minute
Dengue Wipe-out Exercise
71. 1. Change water in vases on alternate.
2. Remove water from flowerpot plates on alternate
days.
3. Turn over all pails and water storage containers.
4. Cover bamboo pole holders when not in use.
5. Clear blockages and put in Bti insecticide in roof
gutters monthly.
72.
73. • Cover all toilet bowls in your home.
• Seal off the overflow pipe of the flushing cistern.
• Cover all gully/floor traps.
• Add sand granular insecticide to places that mosquitoes could potentially breed, such
as flower vases and places where stagnant water could not be removed.
• Clear blockages and add Bti insecticide in roof gutters.
• Turn over all pails and water storage containers.
• Ask a relative or close friend to check your home regularly for stagnant water if you
are going away for a long period of time.
• Leave your contact with your neighbours or the neighbourhood police post/ centre so
that you can be reached easily.