1. Traducción II
Docente: Lic. Carlo Espinoza
Estudiantes :Tania De la Cruz Calderón
Adriana Ríos Raygada
Tarapoto - Perú
2012

2. INDEX
• EQUIVALENCE DEFINES TRANLATION……………………….3
• EQUIVALENCE COULD BE ALL THINGS TO ALL
THEORISTS……………………………………………………………………………..4
• EQUIVALENCE IS DIRECTIONAL
AND SUBJECTLES…………………………………………………………………..8
• VALUE IS AN ECONOMIC TERM……………………………………….15
• EQUIVALENCE IS AN ECONOMIC TERM……………………..24
• EQUIVALENCE IS NOT A NATURAL RELATION
BETWEEN SYSTEMS………………………………………………………………28
• EQUIVALENCE HAS BECOME UNFASHIONABLE……….32
• CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………………………..37
• BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………………………………..38

4. EQUIVALENCE COULD BE ALL
THINGS TO ALL THEORISTS
Equivalence has been extensively used
to define translation, but few writers
have been prepared to define
equivalence itself. The term would
appear to be the great empty sign of
such exercises.

5. Historical research is of little avail here.
The brief survey offered by Wilss
(1982, 134-135) simply presents guesses
suggesting that the English term
"equivalence" entered translation studies
from mathematics, that it was originally
associated with research into machine
translation, and that it has or should
have a properly technical sense.

6. EQUIVALENCE IS DIRECTIONAL
AND SUBJECTLES
DEFINITION OF TRANSLATION:
 Interlingual Translation may be
translation can be defined as follows:
defined as the the replacement of
replacement of textual material in
elements of one one language (SL) by
language. equivalent material
in another language
(TL).”

7. Translating  Translation leads from
consists in a source-language text
reproducing in to a target-language
the receptor text which is as close
language the an equivalent as
closest natural possible and
equivalent of the presupposes an
source-language understanding of the
message.” content and style of
the original.”

8. Taking all of this together, we
find that the term
equivalence is commonly
associated with the end
result of translating as a one-
way process occurring in an
apparently subjectless place.
Equivalence is directional and
subjectless.

9. EQUIVALENCE IS
ASYMMETRICAL
Although “value” is generally not a
technical term in contemporary
translation studies, it does make
frequent and prolonged appearances in
Saussure’s Course de linguistique
générale, widely held to be one of the
foundational texts of modern linguistics
and often cited in arguments against
translatability.

10. It is then not surprising that
Saussure’s synchronic
linguistics excludes not only
questions of equivalence but
also all reference to one-way
processes and to places of
lesser dimensions than
tongues. Saussure does not
talk about translation. For
example:

11. He chooses not to tell us that
the difference in value between
“sheep” and “mutton” is due to
the historical situation in which
Anglo-Saxon servants presented
what they called “sceap” to their
Norman masters, who called the
same object “moton”.

12. VALUE IS AN ECONOMIC TERM
Scant attention has been paid to the fact
that Saussure’s uses of the term “value”—
and indeed his fundamental distinction
between synchronic and diachronic
linguistics—were developed from
analogies with economics, or more
precisely from comparisons with the most
prestigious social sciences of his day,
political economy and economic history:

13. • “Here [in linguistics] as in
political economy we are
confronted with the notion of
value; both sciences are
concerned with a system for
equating things of different
orders—labor and wages in one,
and a signified and a signifier
in the other.”

14. According to Saussure, labor is to wages
what the signified is to the signifier.
But are these things of different
orders really being “equated”? An
economist who equated the value of
wages with the value of labor would not
get very far when trying to explain
profits or capitalism.

16. David Ricardo giving textbook
examples in 1812:
“Water and air are abundantly useful;
they are indeed indispensable to
existence, yet, under ordinary
circumstances, nothing can be obtained
in exchange for them.

17. Gold, on the contrary, though of little use
compared with air or water, will
exchange for a great quantity of other
goods. Utility then is not the measure
of exchangeable value, although it is
absolutely essential to it.”

18. EQUIVALENCE IS AN
ECONOMIC TERM
There is undoubtedly a certain
ideological underpinning to approaches
which see translation as a mode of
relation between social systems and
stress twentieth century use-value
theories of “equivalent effects”.

19. If we now write “transferred text” (Y)
and “translated text” (TT) in the place
of “linen” and “coat”—not entirely
metaphorically, since some texts are
indeed bought and sold, and weaving can
be as textual as it is textile
That is, equivalence can be defined in
terms of exchange value, expressed as
a relationship between texts (TT:Y) and
determined in the specific locus of the
translator as a silent trader. This is
what was being said but not heard.

20. EQUIVALENCE IS NOT A NATURAL
RELATION BETWEEN SYSTEMS
The suggestion that equivalence-based
definitions of translation unwittingly
define their object in terms of simple
exchange could justify common usages
of the word “equivalence”, but it by no
means justifies all that is said by the
contemporary theories incorporating
these definitions.

21. Marx’s critique of use value is
perhaps more interesting than
the twentieth century
abstractions that have followed
him. He saw exchange not as a
capitalist plot, but as a result
of concrete intercultural
communication:

22. EQUIVALENCE HAS BECOME
UNFASHIONABLE
One of the paradoxical effects of the
historical increase in intercultural
communications is that, through the rise
of non-linguistic cultural and historical
studies, there is nowadays declining
interest in translational equivalence.

26. CONCLUSION
 Equivalence thus neither descends
from above nor blossoms from the soil.
It is a fiction without natural
correlative beyond the communication
situation. Yet naturalist assumptions
continue to obfuscate its role as an
active mode of interrelation.

27. BIBLIOGRAPHY
http://usuaris.tinet.cat/apym/publications/T
TT_2010.pdf