1. BIOMETRICS
PRESENTED BY
VISHWAJEET & ADOTHU RAMBABU
ROLL NO – 467/11 & 537/11
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
JAMSHEDPUR, INDIA – 831014

2. INTRODUCTION
 Biometrics refers to the automatic identification of a
person based on his or her physiological or behavioral
characteristics.
 Biometrics is an accurate method of authentication that
uses the physiological and biological traits of a person to
verify and establish their identity.

3. PHYSIOLOGICAL AND/OR BEHAVIORAL
CHARACTERISTICS
 Behavioral:
 Voice
 Keystroke
 Signature
 Physiological:
 Fingerprint
 Hand
 Eyes (Iris , Retina)
 DNA
 Face

4. BIOMETRICS

5. BIOMETRICS: WHY?
 Eliminate memorization –
◦ Users don’t have to memorize features of their voice, face, eyes, or fingerprints
 Eliminate misplaced tokens –
◦ Users won’t forget to bring fingerprints to work
 Can’t be delegated –
◦ Users can’t lend fingers or faces to someone else
 Often unique –
◦ Save money and maintain database integrity by eliminating duplicate enrollments

6. WORKING OF BIOMETRICS TECHNOLOGY
ALL BIOMETRIC SYSTEMS WORKS IN A FOUR-STAGE PROCESS THAT CONSISTS OF
THE FOLLOWING STEPS:
• CAPTURE : A Biometric system collects the sample of biometric features like
fingerprint, voice etc of the person who wants to login to the system.
• EXTRACTION: The data extraction is done uniquely from the sample and a template is
created. Unique features are then extracted by the system and converted into a digital
biometric code. This sample is then stored as the biometric template for that individual.
• COMPARISON: The template is then compared with a new sample. The biometric data
are then stored as the biometric template or template or reference template for that
person.
• MATCH/NON-MATCH: The system then decides whether the features extracted from the
new sample are a match or a non-match with the template.

7. SIGNATURE SCAN
 Measures speed, pressure, stroke order an image of signature.
 Non-repudiation
 Mainly used for verification
# PROBLEMS:
 Forgers could reproduce

8. VOICE VERIFICATION
Measures the sound waves of human speech.
 pitch, intensity, quality and duration.
 user talks to a microphone a passphrase.
 voice print is compare to a previous one.
#PROBLEMS:
 include background noise

9. KEYSTROKE SCAN
Measures the time between strokes and duration of key pressed.
 Most commonly used in systems where
keyboard is already being used.

10. FINGER PRINT RECOGNITION
Fingerprint verify the authenticity of the individual.
Among all the biometric techniques, fingerprint-based identification is the oldest
method that has been successfully used in numerous applications.
Everyone is known to have unique, immutable
fingerprints. A fingerprint is made of a series of
ridges and furrows on the surface of the finger.
# Advantage:
Low storage space required compared to
other ones.

11. RETINA RECOGNITION
 Scan the retina to authenticate the identity of a person.
 Unique to each person.
 Unique to each eye.
 Highly reliable because no two people have
the same retinal pattern.
# Problems:
1. It has extremely low acceptance rate .
2. Measurement accuracy can be affected by a disease
3. Not very user friendly

12. FACIAL RECOGNITION
 Location and position of facial features.
 Distance between the eyes.
 Distance between the eyes and nose ridge.
 Angle of a cheek.
 Slope of the nose.
 Facial temperatures.

13. HAND SCAN
Typical systems measure 90 different features:
 Overall hand and finger width
 Distance between joints
 Bone structure
Primarily for access control:
 Machine rooms
 Olympics
Strengths:
 No negative connotations – non-intrusive
 Reasonably robust systems
Weaknesses:
 Accuracy is limited; can only be used for 1-to-1 verification
 Bulky scanner

14. TEMPLATE SIZE
Biometric Approx. Template Size
Voice 70k – 80k
Face 84 bytes – 2k
Signature 500 bytes – 1000 bytes
Fingerprint 256 bytes – 1.2k
Hand Geometry 9 bytes
Iris 256 bytes – 512 bytes
Retina 96 bytes

15. Advantages :
 Biometric attributes are unique and these can’t be faked or interchanged so,
this uniqueness imparts a high level security to these systems.
 There is no need for remembering passwords, pin’s etc.
Disadvantages :
 Biometric template data consume more space than the conventional user
id/password combinations.
Advantages & Disadvantages

16. APPLICATIONS
Commercial
 Computer login
 Electronic payment
 ATMS
Government
 Passport control
Forensic
 Missing persons
 Criminal investigations

17. BIOMETRIC MARKET SHARE

18. References
 Biometrics.gov.
http://www.biometrics.gov/ReferenceRoom/Introduction.aspx
 Jain, Anil K., Arun Ross, and Salil Prabhakar. "An Introduction to Biometric Recognition."
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY 14.1
(2004): 4-20. IEEE Xplore.
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=1262027
 Jain, Anil K., Patrick J. Flinn, and Arun A. Ross. Handbook of Biometrics. New York: Springer.
http://libcat.clemson.edu/record=b2478857
 Phillips, Jonathon P., Alvin Martin, C. L. Wilson, and Mark Przybocki. "An Introduction
Evaluating Biometric Systems." Computer 33.2 (2000): 56-63. IEEE Xplore.
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=820040
 http://bprl.cs.clemson.edu/about.html
 http://bprl.cs.clemson.edu/projects.html

19. Thank you