This ppt was displayed as part of a coloquio for GRAMMAR I. It happened in 2010, and the topic is: Adverbs.

1. ADVERBS: PART OF SPEECH
 Grammar
studies:Part of speech: Adverbs,
Adjectives, Nouns, Verbs, Pronouns, (her,
him, herself) Conjunctions, (or, whereas)
Prepositions and Determiners. (articles,
demonstrative adjectives, quantifiers)
 Grammar also studies: grammatical
structures and word formation. (grammatical
structures: passive voice, verb tenses, etc).
W.Formation: Suffixes and Prefixes.

2. Definition of Adverb:
Part of Speech
that describes verbs, adjectives,
other adverbs or sentences.
--one word (e.g. “carefully”)
-- or a phrase (in the morning).

3. FORMATION OF ADVERBS:
 Here
we refer mainly to One-word adverbs.
 Adjectives + -ly.
 Adjectives ending in –l: we add –ly.
(e.g.: carefully).
Adjectives ending in –le: we drop the –e and
add -y: e.g.: gently.
Adjectives ending in ic: they take –ally:
dramatically. With exceptions:Publicly.

4. ADVERBS VS. ADJECTIVES
 Some
words seem to be adverbs but they
are adjectives: cowardly, elderly, friendly,
lively, lonely, likely.
 Some adverbs are used without –ly in
everyday speech: Slow. Quick. Loud. Cheap.
 Some adverbs are different whereas with or
without –ly: Deep/Deeply. Hard/ Hardly.
Pretty/ Prettily. High/highly. Near/nearly

5. ADVERBS VS. ADJECTIVES
 Some
words are both adverbs and
adjectives:
 Right-
Wrong.
 Hourly- Dayly- Monthly- Weekly.
 Fast- Deep Early- Late.

6. CLASSES OF ADVERBS:
 MANNER
 TIME
AND FREQUENCY.
 DEGREE
 PLACE AND DIRECTION
 FOCUS ADVERBS
 COMMENT AND VIEWPOINT ADVERBS

7. ADVERBS OF MANNER:
They express how the action is
performed.
Ex:
 Angrily, Emphatically.
 By bus, by train.
 Some are expressions or more-than-one-word
adverbials: Ex:
 In a quiet, threatening voice, …
 In amazement


8. ADVERBS OF TIME AND FREQUENCY
 Adverbs
of Time: Tomorrow –
Yesterday Adverbs of Frequency: They state how
often something happens. (once a
day, regularly).
 They can be:
 Adverbs of Time – definite time-:
 Tomorrow- Yesterday.
 Adverbs of Time: indefinite time: some
day. One day.

9. ADVERBS OF DEGREE
 They
describe how the action is done:
whether it is done totally or partially.
E.g.:
 Almost; fully; completely.
 Hardly;
 Rather; quite; nearly. Scarcely
 Expressions: “quite hardly”. “Almost
completely”.

10. ADVERBS OF PLACE AND DIRECTION
They are mainly prepositional phrases and
adverbials.
E.g.:
 Under the table.
 Next to the bookshelf.
 Towards the station.
 Or: “there”. “here”.

11. FOCUS ADVERBS
They draw attention to the most important part
of what we are talking about.
 E.g.: especially, mainly, particularly,
specifically.
 There
north.
will be snow today, particularly in the

12. COMMENT ADVERBS
 Comment
adverbs are used to make a
comment on what we or others are saying.
 Ex:--how likely we think s.t. is: Apparently,
Certainly, Undoubtedly, Obviously,
Presumably, Clearly.
 --Indicate our attitude to what was said:
 Sadly, Frankly, Seriously, Luckily.
 --Indicate a judgement of s.o.´s action:
bravely, stupidly, wisely, correctly, wrongly,
generously.

13. VIEWPOINT ADVERBS


V.P. make clear what viewpoint we are speaking from
They identify what features of something are being talked
about. E.g.Financially, it was a disaster for his family.
And many expressions:
 Politically speaking.
 From a political point of view.
 As far as politics are concerned
 In terms of politics
 In political terms.

14. POSITION OF ADVERBS:
 There
are three main positions for adverbs
which modify a verb:
 END
 FRONT and
 MID Position.

15. END POSITION:
The adverb is placed after the verb, either
immediately after the verb, or later in the
clause:
 They
played quietly all day.
 He sat in the corner, quietly.

16. FRONT AND MID POSITION:
 FRONT
POSITION: The adverb is placed
before the subject. Ex: Sometimes I feel like
going home.
 MID POSITION:Between the subject and
verb.
 Ex: He is always playing football there.
 **Or immediately after verb “to be” or the
auxiliary verb. Ex: He usually plays better
than me.

17. END POSITION:
 The
adverb goes after the VERB + THE
OBJECT.
 Ex: We considered the problem briefly.
 If
the object is a long expression, the
adverb goes before the object:
 Ex: We considered briefly the long-term
solution to the problem.

18.  If
there is a verb followed by an ing-form, we
avoid putting the adverb in the middle, so it
goes after the ing form.
 Ex:
He began running quickly.
 End
position is usual for many adverbials of
place, definite frequency and definite time:
 Ex:


They live upstairs.
She goes there weekly.
She will go there in May.

19. FRONT POSITION:
 Most
types of adverb commonly go in front
position in a clause. In particular:
 --Connecting adverbs: to make clear the
logical relation to the previous sentence.
 “As a result”.
 Similarly The same happened with…
 Afterwards, …

20. … CONNECTING ADVERBS/ FRONT
POSITION:
 --Time
and place adverbs: Add more
information about a previous reference to a
time or place or show a contrast:
Tomorrow,… Nearby.
 --Comment
and Viewpoint Adverbs.
 “Sincerely, we can say that …”

21. MID POSITION:
 --Degree
adverbs:
 We almost missed the train.
 I greatly admire your work.
 --Adverbs
which indicate the order of events:
 I first met her in 1997.
 But in order to list actions we put them in
front position.

22. MID POSITION ADVERBS:
 Adverbs
of frequency when it is only 1 word:
 I often get there late.
 I regularly take a bus to get there.
 --But
adverbial closes of indefinite frequency
(As a rule, On many occasions, from time to
time) are used in front or end position

23. MANY ADVERBS ALTOGETHER
 Usually
if there are adverbs of manner, place
and time, the order is: Manner- place-time.
Ex: We usually go the park once a week.
 In case of verbs of movement or direction,
the order is: Place- Manner- time.
 We will arrive at the station by bus,
tomorrow.

24. THANK YOU,
TEACHER…