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ENGLISH
SYLLABUS
Third Cycle of
Basic Education
Elías Antonio Saca
                            Presidente de la República
                                 Ana Vilma de Escobar
                        Vicepresidenta de la República
                                 Darlyn Xiomara Meza
                              Ministra de Educación
     José Luis Guzmán                                         Carlos Benjamín Orozco
Viceministro de Educación                                Viceministro de Tecnología
                                Norma Carolina Ramírez
                    Directora General de Educación

                             Ana Lorena Guevara de Varela
                    Directora Nacional de Educación
                               Manuel Antonio Menjívar
                    Gerente de Gestión Pedagógica
                               Rosa Margarita Montalvo
                         Jefe de la Unidad Académica
                            Wendy Cristela Menéndez Cruz
                            Jefa de Programa Compite

                                 Equipo técnico
                        •    Augusto Antonio Cornejo Huezo
                        •    Herbert Ovidio Aparicio Castellanos
                        •    José Isaías Parada Díaz
                        •    José Trinidad Galdámez Sáenz

                            Apoyo técnico externo
                                 • Ana María Mendoza
                                 • Carmen Castillo
                                 • Edgar Nicolás Ayala

                                                                                               ISBN 978-99923-58-62-7
                                                                                 © Copyright Ministerio de Educación de El Salvador 2008
                                                             Derechos Reservados. Prohibida su venta. Esta publicación puede ser reproducida en todo o en parte,
                                                                           reconociendo los derechos del Ministerio de Educación de El Salvador.
Dear Teachers:

Within the framework of the 2021 National Education Plan, The Ministry of Education is pleased to
make this updated version of the English Syllabus for the Third Cycle of Basic Education available
to you . Its content is coherent with our constructivist, humanist and socially committed curricular
orientation. At the same time, it incorporates the vision of developing competencies, making the
principles of the policy “Currículo al Servicio del Aprendizaje” be put into practice.

As part of this policy The Ministry of Education has renewed the guidelines for the evaluation of
learning to match the competencies proposal and the needed type of evaluation for our educational
system: an evaluation in the service of learning. This is possible if high expectations are placed on
our students and if they are told that with effort and steadiness they eventually can achieve their
goals.

The Ministry of Education takes advantage of this opportunity to manifest our trust in you. We know
you will read and analyze this Syllabus with an attitude geared towards learning and improving,
taking into account your experience and studies in education.

The Ministry of Education believes in your commitment to the mission which has been entrusted to
us - that the children, young men and women of El Salvador obtain better learning achievements
and develop integrally.




          Darlyn Xiomara Meza                                               José Luis Guzmán
          Minister of Education                                         Vice - Minister of Education
4
    English syllabus for the third cycle
I. Introduction to The English Curriculum for The Third Cycle of Basic Education
    The English Curriculum for the Third Cycle of Basic Education                                Finally, objectives, contents and achievement indicators are clearly
features a curricular proposal in order to address the need to respond the                       presented in each unit of study.
questions teachers should have as they plan their classes. These questions
                                                                                                 The English curriculum has been designed upon the standard proficiency
are properly answered through the following curricular components:
                                                                                                 levels to be reached in each grade and cycle of education. On the other
                   QUESTIONS                                   CURRICULAR COMPONENTS             hand, it is flexible to teachers’ creativity to contextualize it to their teaching
                                                                                                 environment to successfully achieve the stated objectives and language
         What do teachers teach for?                                 Competencies/Objectives
                                                                                                 proficiency levels.
          What must students learn?                                              Contents
                                                                                                 Syllabus innovations
                   How to teach?                                     Methodological guidelines
                                                                                                 The English curriculum designed and implemented in 1998 is definitely
                                                                        Evaluation guidelines    one of the sources for the designing and implementation of the current
    How, when and what to evaluate?                                    Achievement indicators    version; although, it is worth stating that this is a functional/notional
                                                                                                 syllabus embracing the communicative approach for its development in
                                                                                                 order to achieve objectives and language proficiency levels. The most
The English curriculum is based on these curricular components which
                                                                                                 remarkable features are detailed below1:
are developed as follows:
            Description of competencies, proficiency levels and approach that                    a. Objectives
            orients the English subject development.
                                                                                                 Objectives are presented by cycle of education, grade and in each unit
            Presentation of contents aligned with the subject objectives and                     of study.
            allow the structuring of units of study.
                                                                                                 Objectives aim at achieving language and preparation for life
            The methodological guidelines provide specific recommendations
                                                                                                 competencies, that is the reason why they are formulated using action
            for the sequencing of units. They describe, in logical order, the
                                                                                                 verbs introducing the goals to be reached by means of procedures.
            stages to develop language competencies through the delivering
                                                                                                 Afterwards, concepts and attitudes are presented embedded in the
            and practicing of language functions. In addition they provide
                                                                                                 objectives, thus, articulating the three types of knowledge. Besides, the
            general recommendations and it is up to teachers to improve
                                                                                                 “what for” or learning purpose is finally stated to connect contents with
            them. The English syllabus features general methodological
                                                                                                 life and students’ needs.
            guidelines per cycle of education.
            Evaluation is developed through suggestions and criteria
            applicable to diagnostic, formative and summative evaluation
            functions.

1 Currículo al Servicio del Aprendizaje, Ministerio de Educación, San Salvador, 2007.
                                                                                                                                                                                               5
                                                                                                                                                        English syllabus for the third cycle
Language proficiency levels                                                     The conceptual, procedural and attitudinal contents have the same
                                                                                    relevance because the importance and articulation of knowing, doing,
    Language proficiency levels are given by cycle of education and grade.          knowing what to be, and coexisting, is only reflected through their
    They are meant to serve as guiding references for planning, delivering and      integration. The challenge relies on overcoming the trend to solely” teach”
    evaluating teaching and learning to eventually reach the set language           or learn by heart. They have a space and importance of their own but
    proficiency levels2 by cycle of education and grade.                            must not be understood anymore as a synonym of successful learning.
                                                                                    This takes place only when the three types of contents are articulated.
    b. Contents
                                                                                    Procedural contents deserve special attention because there is a potential
    Presentation of content sets                                                    risk of confusing them with methodology. Cesar Coll4 defines them as
                                                                                    follows:
    The English syllabus presents and describes the sets of contents by each
    grade providing an insightful view on how they are structured from the          “They are always concerned with certain concrete forms of performance,
    simple to the complex, from the immediate students’ world to the farthest       whose most salient feature is that they take place in a systematic and
    and most abstract world, properly integrating and balancing the three           orderly fashion, and that performance is purposely addressed to achieve
    types of contents or knowledge: conceptual, procedural and attitudinal          a definite goal“
    and joining language learning, ranging from the mastery of simple daily
    language functions to the mastery of more complicated and sophisticated         Procedural contents are not new in the curriculum, whereas the practical
    discourse. This new version of the English Syllabus has structured units of     dimension or concepts application has been long fostered for decades.
    study in a different form; these differences are highlighted in a comparative   They have been labeled before as techniques, skills, strategies, algorithms,
    chart of the former syllabus with the current one.                              etc. When categorizing them as contents, the procedures are subjected to
                                                                                    planning and control in much the very same way activities are adequately
    Three types of contents: conceptual, procedural and attitudinal                 prepared to guarantee the learning of other types of contents5.

    Contents’ relevance relies on their contribution to achieve the stated          Sequencing of contents
    objectives as well as language and preparation for life competencies.
    Antoni Zabala3 defines contents as follows:                                     The scope and sequence has been meticulously elaborated vertically
                                                                                    and horizontally to guarantee that teachers will deliver teaching in a
    “Set of skills, attitudes and knowledge needed for development of               scaffolding fashion and students will construct knowledge in the same
    competencies. They are categorized in three large groups depending on           way.
    how they are related with knowing, knowing what to do or to be, that
    is to say, conceptual contents, (deeds, concepts and conceptual systems),       Moreover, contents are suited to address students’ needs, interests and
    procedural contents (skills, techniques, methods, strategies..etc.) and         problems to connect learning with background knowledge, previous life
    attitudinal contents (attitudes, norms and values)”                             experiences and a sense of usefulness; therefore, learning will emerge as
                                                                                    a likeable, enjoyable and meaningful task.


                                                                                                2 The American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages, Proficiency Guidelines, New York, 1989.
6                                                                                   3 Marco Curricular. Antoni Zabala. Documento de referencia de consulta para el Ministerio de Educación, página 21.
                                                                                                       4
                                                                                                         Los Contenidos de la Reforma. Cesar Coll y otros. Editorial Santillana. Aula XXI, 1992, página 85.
       English syllabus for the third cycle                                                                                                                                              5
                                                                                                                                                                                          Ibid. Página 103.
Besides, standardized minimum proficiency levels have been set to be                     The constant follow up outlined in the achievement indicators implies
reached by the end of each grade and cycle of education; thus, assuring                  the providing of prompt and opportune academic reinforcement to those
teachers and students have clear teaching and learning standards to                      students who need it and the making of planning and teaching adaptations
pursue.                                                                                  to adequately address different students’ learning styles.

c. Evaluation                                                                            Graphic description of units
Achievement indicators6 constitute one of the most salient innovations.                         Grade, number and name of unit: They are the unit general
Achievement indicators prove the expected learning outcomes in                                  data.
relationship with objectives and contents of each unit. They are useful                         Estimated time of completion for the unit: Approximate number of
in assessing students’ learning because they point out expected                                 hours to be allocated to the development of each unit.
performance; therefore, they must be considered for assessment and                              Objectives of unit: They express what is expected to be achieved
academic reinforcement activities. In this English syllabus, achievement                        by the students at the end of each unit.
indicators are meant to evaluate students’ development of language and
                                                                                                Conceptual, procedural and attitudinal contents: They comprise
preparation for life competencies.                                                              the concepts, procedures and attitudes that must be acquired by
                                                                                                students through the mediation of the teaching-learning process.
Achievement indicators are numbered correlatively in each unit of study.
Example, 5.1 means that the indicator belongs to unit five and is the                           Achievement indicators: They are sample evidence that students
indicator number one.                                                                           have reached the stated objectives at the end of each unit.

d. Academic Reinforcement
Evaluation results must be used to support and orient teaching planning
as well as students’ learning. Through the analysis of evaluation results,
teachers could decide on what to feedback, and how to reshape their
teaching approach to address students’ affective and learning needs,
thus, preventing frustration and dislike towards English subject as well
as drop out.

Through performance outcomes teachers and students may assess
learning quality, understand how learning took place and weigh the
obstacles faced during the process. Consequently, teachers and students
will look into the causes that made learning difficult recognizing that it
is often not because students neglect the studies or are unable to have
success7.

6
  Evaluación al Servicio del Aprendizaje, Ministerio de Educación, San Salvador, 2007.
7
 Evaluación al Servicio del Aprendizaje, Ministerio de Educación, San Salvador, 2007.                                                                                            7
                                                                                                                                          English syllabus for the third cycle
Description and Presentation of the Learning Unit Format



                                                                    Estimated time for the unit


                       Unit objectives                                                                                   Number and name of unit




                                                                                                                         Prioritized achievement
                   Conceptual contents
                                                                                                                                 indicators
                                                       Procedural                                 Numbered achievement
                                                        contents         Attitudinal contents
                                                                                                       indicators




8
    English syllabus for the third cycle
II. Third Cycle Curriculum
The Third Cycle Curriculum is organized in subjects with a number of                                                           Implementing the English curriculum implies doing curricular adaptations
hours as follows:                                                                                                              to meet the students’ needs and adjusting it to the conditions of the
                                                                                                                               context. This contextualization is expedited by the “Proyecto Curricular de
                                                                                                                               Centro” (PCC)8 in which teachers’ agreements on curricular components
              Subjects                           Seventh                    Eighth                         Ninth               (competencies/objectives, contents, methodology and evaluation) are
                                       Hours per     Hours per       Hours per       Hours per     Hours per       Hours per   registered, these agreements are worked out based on students’ academic
                                         week          year            week            year          week            year      achievements, mission and diagnose of the educational institution.
    Language and Literature                  5            200           5             200             5              200
    Mathematics                              5            200           5             200             5              200
                                                                                                                               Teachers should definitely consider the PCC pedagogical agreements
    Science                                  5            200           5             200             5              200
    Social Studies
                                                                                                                               and the English syllabus as key references for didactic planning. Both
                                             5            200           5             200             5              200
                                                                                                                               instruments complement each other.
    English                                  3            120           3             120             3              120
    Physical Education                       2            80            2              80             2               80
    Total of hours.                       25             1,000          25            1,000           25            1,000      Cross-Curricular Themes


On the understanding that there will be three English classes per week                                                         The cross-curricular themes contribute to the students’ integral education
and one hundred and twenty hours of classes in a school year, the six units                                                    because it is through their socialization that a democratic society plenty of
of study that make up the curriculum for the school year will be developed                                                     values is consolidated, a society where people and nature are respected
in the following estimated time:                                                                                               and people are able to solve personal, local and nation’s problems.


                                                                                                                               The cross-curricular themes9 are an essential part of the syllabus and
                                                     Units of study                                         Hours
        Grades                                                                                             per year            should be applied in the development of the contents. The present
                              1          2           3           4               5            6                                document includes the following cross-curricular themes: Human
      Seventh grade          12          12          27          28           14              27             120               Rights Education, Environmental Education, Population Education,
      Eighth grade            9          12          24          27           24              24             120               Comprehensive Preventive Education, Education for Equal Opportunity,
      Ninth grade            12          9           24          24           27              24             120               Health Education, Education for The Consumer and Values Education.




8
    For further information, read section on Proyecto Curricular de Centro. Currículo al Servicio del Aprendizaje, Ministerio de Educación, San Salvador, 2007.
9
    Fundamentos Curriculares de la Educación Nacional. Ministerio de Educación, páginas 115- 116, El Salvador, 1999.                                                                                                      9
                                                                                                                                                                                   English syllabus for the third cycle
III. Presentation of the English Subject, Approach, Language Proficiency Levels, and Content Blocks
     Presentation of the English Subject
     The English Syllabus for the Third Cycle of Basic Education focuses on      b. It applies to both written and spoken language.
     the development of language competencies essential for communicating        c. It is context-specific, as communication always takes place in a
     and properly interacting with the environment. Developing these                particular context or situation. The competent language user will
     competencies implies the learning of concepts, the domain of procedures        know how to make appropriate choices in register and style to fit the
     and the adopting of attitudes integrally. This integration guarantees the      particular situation in which communication occurs.
     acquisition of the expected competencies.
                                                                                 d. It is important to distinguish between competence and performance.
     This syllabus promotes the development of five competencies: oral              Competence is what one knows. Performance is what one does. Only
     comprehension (listening), oral production (speaking), reading                 performance is observable, however, and it is only through performance
     comprehension (reading) and writing production (writing). Such                 that competence can be developed, maintained, and evaluated.
     competencies are developed through a spiral process to internalize
     language functions by using the language in different contexts and
     circumstances with a given degree of accuracy and fluency.                  In conclusion, the conceptualization of the term proficiency includes
                                                                                 specifications about the competency levels attained in terms of the
     The Communicative Approach                                                  functions performed, the contexts in which the language user can function,
                                                                                 and the accuracy with which the language is used. Thus, the notion of
     The communicative approach pursues the development of communicative
                                                                                 proficiency enables us to broaden our understanding of communicative
     competence. The terms competence and performance became
                                                                                 competence to include more than the “threshold level” needed to simply
     fundamental to Chomsky’s (1965) theory of transformational-generative
                                                                                 get one’s message across.
     grammar.

     Chomsky distinguished between a native speaker’s underlying
     competence -referring to knowledge of the language, including rules of
     grammar, vocabulary, and how linguistic elements can be combined to
     form acceptable sentences- and the individual’s performance- or actual
     production and comprehension of specific linguistic events.

     In a definition of communicative competence, Savignon outlines the
     following characteristics:

     a. Communicative competence is a dynamic concept that depends on the
        negotiation of meaning between two or more persons who share some
        knowledge of the language. Thus, communicative competence can be
        said to be an interpersonal trait.


10
        English syllabus for the third cycle
General Communicative Competence Level to be Reached by The End of The Third Cycle of Basic Education
By the end of the third cycle of basic education students’ communicative competence will be characterized by the ability to communicate minimally with
learned material.

                                                                                                        Competencies
      Grade                            Listening                                     Speaking                                     Reading                         Writing
                          Understanding is limited to                    Oral production consists of                      Able occasionally to identify   Able to form some letters in
                                                                                                                                                                                                     Novice
          7th Grade




                          occasional isolated words,                     isolated words and perhaps                       isolated words and/or           an alphabetic system, in
                                                                                                                                                          languages whose writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                     Low10
                          such as cognates, borrowed                     a few high-frequency phrases.                    major phrases when strongly
          1 AÑO




                          words, and high-frequency                      Essentially no func-tional                       supported by context.           systems use syllabaries or
                          social conventions.Essentially                 communicative ability.                                                           characters, writer is able
                          no ability to comprehend-                                                                                                       to both copy and produce
                          even short utterances.                                                                                                          the basic strokes. Can
                                                                                                                                                          produce romanization of
                                                                                                                                                          isolated characters, where
                                                                                                                                                          applicable.

                          Able to understand some                        Oral production continues                        Able to recognize the           Able to copy or transcribe                 Novice
                          short utterances, particularly                 to consist of isolated words                     symbols of an alphabetic        familiar words or phrases
                                                                         and learned phrases within
                                                                                                                                                                                                      Mid
                          where context strongly                                                                          and/or syllabic writing         and reproduce some from
                          supports understanding and                     very predictable areas of                        system and/or a limited         memory. No practical
          8th Grade




                          speech is clearly audible.                     need, although quantity is                       number of characters in a       communicative writing
                          Comprehends words and                          increased. Vocabulary is                         system that uses characters.    skills.
                          phrases from simple questions,                 sufficient only for handling                      The reader can identify an
                          statements, high-frequency                     simple, elementary needs                         increasing number of highly
                                                                         and expressing basic
                          commands and courtesy                                                                           contextualized words and/or
                                                                         courtesies. Utterances rarely
                          formulae about topics related                                                                   phrases including cognates
                                                                         consist of more than two
                          to basic personal information                                                                   and borrowed words,
                                                                         or three words and show
                          or the immediate physical                      frequent long pauses and                         where appropriate. Material
                          setting. Requires long                         repetition of interlocutor’s                     understood rarely exceeds a
                          pauses, repetition and/or                      words. Speaker may have                          single phrase at a time, and
                          a slower rate of speech for                    some difficulty producing                        rereading may be required.
                          assimilation.                                  even the simplest utterances.
                                                                         Some Novice-Mid speakers
                                                                         will be understood only with
                                                                         great difficulty.

10
     Levels of Proficiency. The American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages, ACTFL Guidelines, New York, 1989
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    11
                                                                                                                                                                             English syllabus for the third cycle
Competencies
     Grade                                   Listening               Speaking                          Reading                            Writing
                           Able to understand short-        Able to satisfy partially         Has sufficient control of the      Able to write simple fixed          Novice
                           learned utterances and           the requirements of basic         writing system to interpret       expressions and limited             High
                           some       sentence-length       communicative exchanges           written language in areas         memorized material. Can
        9th Grade
         1 AÑO




                           utterances, particularly         by relying heavily on learned     of practical need. Where          supply information on simple
                           where context strongly           utterances but occasionally       vocabulary has been learned,      forms and documents. Can
                           supports understanding and       expanding these through           can read for instructional        write names, numbers, dates,
                           speech is clearly audible.       simple combinations of their      and directional purposes          own nationality, and other
                           Comprehends            words     elements. Can ask questions       standardized messages,            simple autobiographical
                           and phrases from simple          or make statements involving      phrases or expressions, such      information as well as some
                           questions, statements, high-     learned material. Speech          as some items on menus,           short phrases and simple lists.
                           frequency commands and           continues to consist of learned   schedules, timetables, maps,      Can write all the symbols in
                           courtesy formulae. May           utterances rather than of         and signs. At times, but not on   an alphabetic or syllabic
                           require repetition, rephrasing   personalized, situationally       a consistent basis, the Basic-    system or 50-100 characters
                           and/or a slowed rate of          adapted ones. Vocabulary          High level reader may be          or compounds in a character
                           speech for comprehension.        centers on areas such as          able to derive meaning from       writing system. Spelling and
                                                            basic objects, places, and        material at a slightly higher     representation of symbols
                                                            most common kinship terms.        level where context and/or        (letters, syllables, characters)
                                                            Pronunciation may still be        extralinguistic background        may be partially correct.
                                                            strongly influenced by first        knowledge are supportive.
                                                            language. Errors are frequent
                                                            and, in spite of repetition,
                                                            some Novice-High speakers
                                                            will have difficulty being
                                                            understood.




12
      English syllabus for the third cycle
Comparison Between The Former English Syllabus and The Current English Syllabus for Seventh Grade
      FORMER ENGLISH SYLLABUS                                                                       CURRENT ENGLISH SYLLABUS
     DIDACTICAL UNITS OF FORMER                                              DIDACTICAL UNITS                                            BLOCKS OF CONTENTS
          ENGLISH SYLLABUS
Unit 1. Getting to know the world                             Unit 1. Nice to meet you: Students understand and produce       Introductions, simple greetings, courtesy expressions, the
Using vocabulary related to members of the family,            vocabulary related to introductions, greetings, names,          alphabet, numbers from 0 to 90, telephone numbers,
occupations, countries and nationalities. The students        numbers and courtesy expressions in order to fulfill basic       expressions to check and confirm information
identify and describe people, ask and give personal           communication needs valuing the importance of learning
information.                                                  English and work cooperatively with classmates.

Unit 2. What’s around us                                      Unit 2. The classroom: Students demonstrate effective           Classroom objects
The home, the school, the park and the street are the         use of vocabulary and structures in order to describe           Personal items, colors, possessions
settings in which students practice describing places and     characteristics and location of classroom objects and           expressions of thanks, common commands in the
asking and giving informa-tion. The vocabulary used refers    talk about personal classroom belongings and exchange           classroom
to home, school, days of the week, telling time.              opinions about peers’ classroom possessions; moreover,
                                                              they give and follow classroom commands showing
                                                              courtesy and respect.

Unit 3. Having fun                                            Unit 3. My family is from El Salvador: Students use             Expressions for self-identification, family members, foods,
Students express preferences, describe actions, express       vocabulary related to family ties, language and                 emotions and physical description, countries, nationalities
abilities ask and give informa-tion about entertaining, fun   nationalities in order to give general information pertaining   and languages, jobs and occupations, numbers from 91
activities at home, at the fair and on vacation.              to age, nationality, number of family members, occupation       to 200, age
                                                              and language; also, they express moods and describe
                                                              characteristics of family members.

Unit 4. Strengthening our body                                Unit 4. Goods: Students understand and produce language         Numbers from 200 to 1000,clothing and accessories,
Sports and healthy life are the background in which           related to prices, clothing, furniture, food and drinks in      furniture, food and drinks, seasons and weather, money
students express their likes and dislikes, ask and give       order to learn how to ask for and purchase goods as well        denominations, prices up to $500.00
information about food and sports.                            as get acquainted with the role of Customer Service and
                                                              consumer’s rights.

Unit 5. Let’s save the earth                                  Unit 5. Holidays: Students recognize and use ordinal            Dates (month/day/year),ordinal numbers: 1st to 31st,
Vocabulary related to the eco-system is used to describe      numbers, days of the week and months of the year in             holidays, birthdays
animals and their habitats as well as to ask and give         order to communicate ideas about age, and national
information about the weather.                                and international holidays. Furthermore, they engage in
                                                              conversations in order to tell age, place/date of birth and
                                                              general personal information.

Unit 6. What do you do?                                       Unit 6. A perfect day Students interpret and use language       Telling the time, daily activities, hobbies/entertainment
Actions and occupations as a framework to ask and give        related to time, habitual actions and entertainment in
information about daily routines and future plans.            order to keep a conversation going about daily routines
                                                              and schedules, frequency of habitual activities, hobbies
                                                              and leisure time activities.


                                                                                                                                                                                                    13
                                                                                                                                                             English syllabus for the third cycle
Comparison Between The Former English Syllabus and The Current English Syllabus for Eighth Grade
            FORMER ENGLISH SYLLABUS                                                                      CURRENT ENGLISH SYLLABUS
           DIDACTICAL UNITS OF FORMER                                              DIDACTICAL UNITS                                           BLOCKS OF CONTENTS
                ENGLISH SYLLABUS
     Unit 1. Every day life                                         Unit 1. Getting to know my classmates: Students understand     Formal and informal introductions, greetings and leave-
     The students describe their daily routine, and favorite        and produce language related to introductions, greetings       takings, nicknames, vocabulary and expressions to
     activities, give reasons for their likes and dislikes, and     and leave-takings, personal information, likes and dislikes    exchange personal information, likes and dislikes
     plan future acti-vities.                                       in order to respectfully exchange personal information with
                                                                    peers and others and simultaneously develop a positive
                                                                    attitude toward English.

     Unit 2. Tales from other lands                                 Unit 2. My school: Students identify vocabulary related        Identification of facilities, personnel, objects and
     Salvadorian short stories and traditions are the settings in   to school facilities, personnel, courses, equipment, and       equipment at school, comparison of objects, courses and
     which students practice narrating and writing short stories,   activities in order to recognize characteristics and make      facilities, description of school activities
     talking about the past and expressing their preferences.       comparisons. They produce language using comparatives
                                                                    and superlatives to denote degree in the school environment
                                                                    and develop an attitude of respect and commitment toward
                                                                    the school.

     Unit 3. The wonders of nature                                  Unit 3. My home: Students recognize and produce                House and furniture, physical appearance of relatives,
     Students talk and write about changes in their personality     language related to house, furniture, physical appearance      personality of relatives, meaning of home
     and their body, ask and give infor-mation about food,          and personality types in order to describe their own houses
     describe a place, and ex-press the need to preserve            and family members; besides, they are encouraged
     nature.                                                        sensitive behavior by using respectful language to improve
                                                                    relationships among family members.

     Unit 4. The world of sports                                    Unit 4. Let’s go shopping : Students recognize and produce     Clothing and personal care items, home appliances,
     The sense of cooperating in sports is the background           language related to clothes, personal care items, home         review of colors, prices up to $1000.00, groceries and
     in which students talk about sports and other activities,      appliances, groceries, and prices in order to exchange         produce
     describe and com-pare different occupations, and accept        daily use information as well as value the importance of
     or reject an invitation.                                       learning a foreign language as a tool to communicate ideas
                                                                    in the economic and social context.

     Unit 5. Let’s enjoy music                                      Unit 5. Party time: Students interpret and generate language   Invitations, requests. expressions of agreement and
     Vocabulary related to music, native musical instruments        related to future plans, invitations, requests, expressions    disagreement
     and traditional festivities and food, are used to express      of agreement and disagreement in order to fulfill basic
     abilities, preferences, des-cribe people and places and        communication needs and value the importance of planning
     narrate past events                                            social, cultural or academic activities in advance.

     Unit 6. Not quantity but quality                               Unit 6. Healthy habits: Students recognize language related    Food pyramid, eating habits, exercising and sports
     Eating out and types of food as a framework to express         to healthy eating habits, exercising and sports, as well as
     preferences, compare prices and quality, accept or refuse      the use of imperatives to give suggestions; in addition,
     an invitation and make suggestions.                            they value and diffuse the importance of healthy habits to
                                                                    achieve personal well-being.


14
       English syllabus for the third cycle
Comparison Between The Former English Syllabus and The Current English Syllabus for Ninth Grade
      FORMER ENGLISH SYLLABUS                                                                       CURRENT ENGLISH SYLLABUS
     DIDACTICAL UNITS OF FORMER                                              DIDACTICAL UNITS                                            BLOCKS OF CONTENTS
          ENGLISH SYLLABUS
Unit 1. Our roots                                            Unit 1. Making friends in the neighborhood : Students            Professional and academic background of relatives and
The students read and write about the past, describe         identify and produce language related to professional            neighbors, plans for the weekend, expressions to make
continuous actions in the past, talk about traditions, and   and academic background, plans for the weekend and               formal and informal invitations expressions to accept/
describe some social changes in El Salvador.                 invitations in a past-present-future time framework. They        refuse formal and informal invitations
                                                             also improve the skills to make friends, which is of practical
                                                             use in the classroom, the school and the neighborhood.

Unit 2. Heroes are coming back                               Unit 2. The neighborhood: Students identify and demonstrate      Locations in the neighborhood, directions in the
Some geographical locations, traffic signs,                   effective language use to ask for and give directions to get     neighborhood, locations in a building
personal characteristics and behavior make up the            to places in the neighborhood or offices in a building, and
framework in which students ask and give directions to       simultaneously develop a sense of awareness to be helpful
a place, follow instructions on social behavior, describe    to other people who need directions.
people, and express desires and plans.


Unit 3. Life in the future                                   Unit 3. My hometown: Students comprehend and generate            Tourist attractions, festivities, local/regional food,
Students describe what may happen in the future,             discourse to convey information on tourist attractions,          hometown history
express obligations and plans for the future and make        festivities, local/regional food, and hometown’s history
predictions.                                                 and consequently promote cultural identity.



Unit 4. The living planet                                    Unit 4. It’s on sale!: Students understand and articulate        Food, shopping , numbers 1000 to 1,000,000, prices
The eco-system and weather conditions are the                discourse expressing data on foods, numbers, prices,             up to $1,000,000.00
background in which students talk about mythology,           shopping and implicitly encourage good spending habits.
develop environmental awareness and describe the
weather in different places.

Unit 5. Towns and cities in the world                        Unit 5. Entertainment: Students understand and elaborate         Leisure time activities (music, movies, books, games,
The students describe cities around the world, ask           messages, at sentence and paragraph levels, on leisure           sports)
and give information about holidays and means of             time activities and decisively socialize the practice of sound
transportation, express opinions about cities, and create    leisure time activities as a means to preserve physical and
a strong awareness about environmental problems.             mental health and boost general cultural growth.

 Unit 6. The magic screen                                    Unit 6. You should visit the doctor: Students get meaning and    Parts of the body, health problems, medications, feelings,
Television and the movie as a source of reference to ask     operate successfully in communicating messages concerning        suggestions
and give information about preferences concerning kinds      to parts of the body, health problems, medications, feelings,
of movies, describe present and past events, express         suggestions and acquire good health care-taking habits to
opinions and make suggestions.                               keep body healthy and be more productive in studies and
                                                             work.


                                                                                                                                                                                                   15
                                                                                                                                                            English syllabus for the third cycle
IV. Methodological Guidelines
     These general methodological guidelines are intended to present a                      giving students the opportunity to construct hypothesis that may be
     general vision of the communicative approach and related methods. The                  tested through practice.
     application of its basic tenets will allow students to develop language and        13. The teacher must create the appropriate conditions for learning. To do
     preparation for life competencies; besides, teachers will be enhanced to               so, teachers must guide learners in the acquisition process by using
     deliver a humane, meaningful, motivating and effective teaching.                       activities that are not only structure-oriented.

     1. The communicative approach emphasizes comprehension and                         The following methodological guidelines can be useful for teachers to
         negotiation of meaning more than production of structures. Students            plan and deliver English teaching in the classroom:
         can learn to communicate through interacting, and understand that
         the appropriate morpho-syntactical structures are developed once the           1. Explore background knowledge on the topic to be taught.
         interaction begins.                                                            2. Begin classes with a lead-in or an icebreaker and present language in
     2. English teachers and students must create an atmosphere of mutual                   context.
         respect and objectivity on the part of the listener in order to understand     3. Do controlled and free language practice.
         better.                                                                        4. Integrate macro skills and sub-skills in the teaching-learning process.
     3. This approach also develops cooperation and solidarity among the                5. Time and pace your teaching.
         students, which they will carry on to their professional lives.                6. Create situations for using language for communication in varied
     4. The communicative approach is student-centered. What is taught and                  contexts.
         how it is taught are intimately related with what is learned and how it        7. Encourage students to communicate as early as possible, in the
         is learned. The teaching learning process must be varied.                          teaching-learning process.
     5. This approach demands that the classroom be a center of interaction             8. Mostly use target language in your classes.
         between the teacher and the students, and among the students                   9. Promote interaction and team work among students.
         themselves.                                                                    10. Use authentic materials and input as much as possible.
     6. The classroom must be organized in teams. Of course, this does not              11. Provide opportunities for students to practice an array of language
         mean that work must always be done in teams.                                       functions needed to go through basic survival situations as well as
     7. The communicative approach makes learning take place in a real                      uncommon and complicated ones.
         situational context and it also makes it meaningful in a variety of            12. Care for equally promoting discourse fluency and accuracy.
         situations of everyday life. Upon finishing ninth grade, students will         13. Address students’ cognitive needs as well affective ones.
         have acquired the fundamental communicative skills to face reality             14. Create a comfortable, confident and likeable teaching–learning
         skillfully.                                                                        atmosphere.
     8. Conceptual, procedural and attitudinal contents must not be isolated,           15. Use proper error correction techniques in order to not hurt students’
         since all of them are strictly related to the communicative act. Attitudinal       feelings and hinder class participation.
         contents play an important role in the learning process.                       16. Promote cross-cultural understanding and harmonious exchange with
     9. Communicative strategies must also be accounted for in the learning                 other cultures.
         process. Teachers should make students aware of the way strategies             17. Teach across the curriculum to facilitate the education of exemplifying
         are used to take full advantage of them.                                           human beings and future professionals.
     10. Learning strategies are equally important since they contribute to the         18. Wrap up classes to elicit the intended class learning and move on with
         construction of the English language linguistic system. However, they              the certainty the students have internalized knowledge to be successful
         need to be taught and controlled.                                                  in the forthcoming classes.
     11. Errors made by the students must not be seen as faults, but as evidence        19. Provide feedback in case it is needed; evaluate students’ learning and
         of the dynamic nature of the learning process.                                     your teaching.
     12. English teachers should be aware that English is learned through a
         creative construction process, being exposed to authentic material,

16
        English syllabus for the third cycle
V. Evaluation Guidelines
Evaluation tenets                                                                                         thought and continuity in a text. The competent language user will also
Teachers must take into account evaluation tenets to plan and administer                                  be skilled in expressing and judging the relationship among the different
tests. They state that evaluation is holistic or integrating, continuous,                                 ideas in a text (Coherence).
motivating, just and fair, systematic and participatory12.
                                                                                                          Strategic competence involves use of verbal and nonverbal communication
Competencies to be evaluated                                                                              strategies to compensate for gaps in the language user’s knowledge of
Teachers will ponder students learning outcomes by evaluating the                                         the code or for breakdown in communication for other reasons. The more
following competencies13.                                                                                 proficient or communicatively competent an individual becomes, the less
                                                                                                          he or she needs to draw on strategic competence. This competency goal
Oral comprehension (listening) is the skill to listen and interpret oral                                  is to produce oral discourse in a conversation to interchange general and
messages effectively in diverse communicative contexts. It has to do                                      specific information on various topics.
with identifying general and specific information orally articulated in a
conversation among interlocutors or understanding texts reproduced by                                     Reading comprehension (reading) is an interactive process where the
electronic means (cassettes, recorded CDs, radio or videos).                                              reader uses information from a text and relates it with his/her experience
                                                                                                          to make meaning out of it. The goal of this competency is to understand
Oral production (speaking) is the capacity of communicating orally                                        general and specific information from written texts on various topics to
making use of grammatical, sociolinguistic discourse and strategic                                        enrich the English learning level for interacting in diverse communicative
competencies14:                                                                                           contexts.

Grammatical competence refers to the degree to which the language user                                    Writing production (writing) is a graphic representation of the language
has mastered the linguistic code. It includes knowledge of vocabulary, rules                              that uses conventional, systematic and identifiable signs. The goal of this
of pronunciation and spelling, word formation, and sentence structure.                                    competency is to write general and specific texts on socio-cultural and
                                                                                                          scientific topics to express ideas, emotions and thoughts with diverse
Sociolinguistic competence addresses the extent to which grammatical                                      communicative purposes.
forms can be used or understood appropriately in various contexts to
convey specific communicative functions, such as persuading, describing,                                  Preparation for life competencies
narrating, and giving commands. Factors like topic, role of the participants,                             These allude to the attitudinal contents through which attitudes,
and the setting will determine the appropriateness of the speaker’s attitude                              norms and values are socialized in school forging the character and
and his choice of style or register.                                                                      personality of humane and educated persons and citizens. Therefore, this
                                                                                                          dimension of the teaching learning process is subjected to be evaluated
Discourse competence involves the ability to combine ideas to achieve                                     through students’ proper behavior when being confronted with real life
cohesion in form and coherence in thought. A person with a highly                                         situations.
developed degree of discourse competence will know how to use cohesive
devices, such as pronouns and grammatical connectors (i.e. conjunctions,
adverbs, and transitional phrases and expressions), to achieve unity of

12 Evaluación al Servicio del Aprendizaje, Ministerio de Educación, 2007.
13 Currículo al Servicio del Aprendizaje. Ministerio de Educación, 2007.                                                                                                                            17
14
   Teaching Language in Context. Proficiency-Oriented Instruction, Alice C Omaggio, 1986, pages 7-8.
                                                                                                                                                             English syllabus for the third cycle
Types of evaluation                                                              Criteria to evaluate oral production: fluency, pronunciation, vocabulary,
     To evaluate students’ language learning teachers must rely on norm-              grammatical competence, strategic competence, sociolinguistic
     referenced testing but mostly on criterion-reference testing15. Criterion-       competence and discourse competence.
     referenced-testing classifies students according to whether or not they are
     able to perform some tasks or set of tasks satisfactorily. The tasks are set,    Criteria to evaluate writing production: grammar, vocabulary, mechanics,
     and the performances.                                                            fluency and form20.

     A list of kinds of tests is provided for teachers to choose from the ones that
     adjust to the intended evaluation purposes:

     Diagnostic tests16 are used to identify student’s strengths and weaknesses.
     They are intended primarily to ascertain what further teaching is necessary.
     Consequently, they can be used at the beginning of each grade or cycle of
     education to diagnose student’s proficiency level.

     Progress achievement tests17 as their name suggests, are intended to
     measure the progress that students are making. Therefore, this kind of
     tests can be used halfway a grade or cycle of education to gather reliable
     evidence of learning progress.

     Final achievement tests18 are those administered at the end of a course
     of study. They can be used to evaluate final learning achievement at the
     end of each grade or cycle of education.

     Proficiency tests 19 are designed to measure people’s ability in a language
     regardless of any training they may have had before. The content of a
     proficiency test, therefore, is not based on the content or objectives
     of language courses that may have followed. Rather, it is based on a
     specification of what candidates have to be able to do in the language in
     order to be considered proficient. Being proficient means having sufficient
     command of the language for a particular purpose.

     Evaluation criteria. The following are suggested criteria to evaluate oral
     and written production.




                                                                                                                    15
                                                                                                                         Testing for Language Teachers. Arthur Hughes, 1989, pages 17-18.
18                                                                                                                         16
                                                                                                                              Testing for Language Teachers. Arthur Hughes, 1989, page 13.
                                                                                                                                                                             17
                                                                                                                                                                                Ibid, page 10.
        English syllabus for the third cycle                                                                                                                                  18
                                                                                                                                                                                 Ibid, page 10
                                                                                                                                                                                19
                                                                                                                                                                                   Ibid, page 9
                                                                                                                                                                       10
                                                                                                                                                                          Ibid, pages 91-93.
Seventh Grade




ENGLISH
Seventh grade general objectives.
By the end of seventh grade, students will be able to:

   Understand vocabulary related to introductions, greetings, names, numbers and courtesy
   expressions by interacting with peers in order to fulfill basic communication needs.

   Use vocabulary and structures by practicing dialogues in order to describe and locate
   classroom objects, talk about personal belongings, give and follow classroom
   commands showing courtesy and respect.

   Use vocabulary related to family ties, age, language, nationalities and physical traits
   by writing sentences and short paragraphs and engaging in dialogues in order to
   exchange personal information and describe family members.

   Understand and produce language related to shopping by reading and interacting
   with peers in order to purchase goods and get acquainted with the role of Customer
   Service.

   Interpret and use language related to time, habitual actions and entertainment by
   asking and responding to questions in order to talk about daily routines and leisure
   time activities.
Objectives

     ✓ Understand vocabulary related to introductions, greetings, names, numbers and courtesy
       expressions by listening to classmates, teacher and taped audio material in order to fulfill
                                                                                                                                                UNIT                     1
       intended basic communication needs in the target language.
     ✓ Produce spoken and written texts related to introductions, greetings, names, numbers, and
       courtesy expressions in order to fulfill intended basic communication needs in the target
                                                                                                                                  NICE TO MEET YOU
       language.
     ✓ Value the importance of learning English by participating in class and working cooperatively
       with classmates to initiate the learning process effectively.                                                                          Approximate time: 12 hours
                                                         CONTENTS                                                                 ACHIEVEMENT INDICATORS
                  CONCEPTS                               PROCEDURES                            ATTITUDES
     Contents:                               Listening                              ■ Showing acceptance and                1.1   Differentiates the sounds of consonant and vowel
     ■ Introductions                         ■ Identifying vowel and consonant        tolerance of errors in spelling and         sounds at the discourse level.
                                               sounds when spelling.                  identifying numbers.                  1.2   Clearly spells his/her name both orally and in
     ■ Simple greetings
                                             ■ Recognizing numbers from 0 to        ■ Showing interest to find out peers’          writing.
     ■ Courtesy expressions                                                           names and phone numbers.
                                               90.                                                                          1.3   Differentiates accurately the –teen and –ty endings
     ■ The alphabet                                                                 ■ Interacting politely and with               in numbers from 13 to 19 and from 30 to 90.
                                             ■ Identifying expressions used to
     ■ Numbers from 0 to 90                    ask someone’s name or name             respect when introducing oneself      1.4   Correctly names and pronounces numbers from 0
                                               spelling.                              and others.                                 to 90.
     ■ Telephone numbers
                                             ■ Differentiating the –teen from –ty   ■ Showing respect while                 1.5   Correctly expresses numbers when counting to 50,
     ■ Expressions to check and confirm                                                conversing.
       information                             endings in numbers from 13 to                                                      giving addresses, and telephone numbers.
                                               19 and from 30 to 90.                ■ Recognizing the importance            1.6   Respectfully exchanges greetings and courtesy
     Grammar in context:                                                              of stress and intonation in the
     ■ Verb to be: affirmative statements     ■ Discriminating greetings from                                                      expressions in a dialogue.
                                               courtesy expressions.                  exchange of information or ideas.
     - I am Pablo Cortés.
     - She is my classmate.                  Speaking
                                             ■ Introducing oneself.
                                             ■ Asking for and giving personal
                                               information.
                                             ■ Clarifying information given when
                                               spelling names and last names,
                                               and giving information.


20
        English syllabus for seventh grade
CONTENTS                                           ACHIEVEMENT INDICATORS
          CONCEPTS                              PROCEDURES                     ATTITUDES
■ Possessive adjectives: my your,     ■ Spelling names and last names.                     1.7    Asks questions to confirm spelling and numbers.
  his, her.                           ■ Exchanging telephone numbers.                      1.8    Shows politeness and respect when addressing
- What’s your telephone number?       ■ Greeting people.                                          others.
- My telephone number is              ■ Saying courtesy expressions.                       1.9    Scans a text for information related with numbers
  22483371.                                                                                       and names.
                                      ■ Striking up simple conversations
■ Subject pronouns: I, you, he, she     by greeting, giving personal                       1.10 Identifies greetings and courtesy expressions in a
- I am a student.                       information, and using courtesy                         simple text.
- He is my friend                       expressions.                                       1.11 Writes the numbers from 0 to 90 accurately.
Vocabulary:                           Reading                                              1.12 Writes dialogues using greetings and courtesy
                                      ■ Recognizing letters of the alphabet.                    expressions correctly.
■ First/middle/last names
Useful expressions:                   ■ Recognizing telephone numbers.
■ How do you spell…? How do you       ■ Identifying greetings and courtesy
  say…? Could you spell Could you       expressions.
  spell your…? How are you? How       Writing
  are you doing? Good, fine, O.K.,     ■ Copying telephone numbers.
  not bad. Courtesy expressions:
  please, thank you, sorry, pardon    ■ Spelling and writing names and last
  me.Hi, hello, good morning, good      names
  afternoon, bye, good-bye, see you   ■ Writing dialogues using greetings,
  later.                                giving personal information and
                                        courtesy expressions.




                                                                                                                                                              21
                                                                                                                         English syllabus for seventh grade
Objectives

     ✓ Demonstrate effective use of intended vocabulary and structures in order to describe
                                                                                                                                              UNIT                    2
                                                                                                                                     THE CLASSROOM
       characteristics and location of classroom objects both orally and in writing.
     ✓ Talk about personal classroom belongings using demonstrative adjectives in order to exchange
       opinions about peers’ classroom possessions.
     ✓ Give and follow classroom commands showing courtesy and respect in order to communicate
       within the classroom setting.

                                                                                                                                            Approximate time: 12 hours
                                                          CONTENTS                                                              ACHIEVEMENT INDICATORS
                   CONCEPTS                               PROCEDURES                             ATTITUDES
      Contents:                               Listening                                ■ Following the class behavior     2.1   Accurately identifies personal classroom objects
      ■ Classroom objects                     ■ Identifying vocabulary related to        code.                                  and belongings.

      ■ Personal items                          classroom objects.                     ■ Thanking someone to show         2.2   Clearly recognizes expressions of thanks in audio
                                              ■ Recognizing expressions of               gratitude.                             sources.
      ■ Colors
                                                thanks.                                ■ Showing respect for others’      2.3   Responds physically to classroom commands.
      ■ Possessions                                                                      belongings.
                                              ■ Responding to classroom                                                   2.4   Accurately discriminates the phonetic difference
      ■ Expressions of thanks                   commands.                              ■ Cooperating with peers in the          between this /ðıs/ and these /ðiz/
      ■ Common commands in the                ■ Identifying and associating              classroom.                       2.5   Names classroom objects with correct
        classroom                               prepositions of place with spatial     ■ Showing politeness when giving         pronunciation.
      Grammar in context:                       location.                                commands.                        2.6   Describes classmates’ classroom belongings.
      ■ To be: wh-questions, yes-no           ■ Discriminating the phonetic
        questions, negative statements,
                                                difference between this /ðıs/
        and short answers
                                                and these /ðiz/




22
         English syllabus for seventh grade
CONTENTS                                          ACHIEVEMENT INDICATORS
          CONCEPTS                             PROCEDURES                     ATTITUDES
- Where is the eraser?                ■ Identifying the plural form of                    2.7    Locates classroom objects using the prepositions
- Whose book is this?                   classroom objects.                                       in/on/at/under.
- Is your shirt expensive?            Speaking                                            2.8    Thanks peers with appropriate expressions.
- Yes, it is. No, it’s not.           ■ Naming classroom objects.                         2.9    Uses possessive adjectives accurately to talk
- My book isn’t here.                 ■ Describing classroom objects                             about classroom belongings.
■ Indefinite articles: a/an              (color and location).                             2.10    Expresses commands appropriate to intended
- I have a red dress.                 ■ Saying thank you.                                        purpose and situation.
- This is an orange notebook.         ■ Strengthening the use of                          2.11   Pronounces this /ðıs/ and these /ðiz/ correctly.
■ Prepositions of place: in/on/at/      possessive adjectives to express                  2.12   Successfully scans a text for classroom vocabulary.
  under                                 possessions.                                      2.13   Reads and identifies expressions of courtesy and
- Put your books on the desk.         ■ Using commands to give                                   thanks.
- Is your pen under the table?          instructions.                                     2.14   Spells the names of classroom objects accurately.
■ Demonstratives: this/these/that/    ■ Pronouncing the right phoneme of                  2.15   Writes the correct form of the plural of nouns.
  those                                 this and these.                                   2.16   Writes 3 to 4-sentence descriptions of color and
- What is this?                       ■ Pronouncing the right phonemes                           location of classroom objects.
- What are these?                       for plural endings.
- Those are markers.                  Reading
■ Plurals                             ■ Scanning for classroom
- I have three books.                   vocabulary.
- Those are big boxes.                ■ Identifying expressions of courtesy
Vocabulary:                             and thanks in different sources.
■ Board, eraser, book, notebook,      Writing
  pencil, pen, teacher, student,      ■ Spelling vocabulary related
  desk, chair, table, liquid paper,     to classroom objects and
  pencil sharpener, backpack,           commands.
  pencil case, box, etc.              ■ Writing the plural of nouns.
Useful expressions:                   ■ Writing descriptions of classroom
■ Go to the board. Close/open           objects.
  your books/the door, the
  windows. Work in groups/pairs.
  Make a circle. Sit down, stand
  up, erase the board, turn on/off
  the computer/lights. Thank you.
  Thanks. Thanks a lot. Thank you
  very much. You’re welcome.




                                                                                                                                                             23
                                                                                                                        English syllabus for seventh grade
Objectives                                                                                                                                  UNIT                    3
     ✓ Use vocabulary related to family ties, language and nationalities in both oral and written
       discourse in order to give general information pertaining to age, nationality, number of family
                                                                                                                                   MY FAMILY IS FROM
       members, job, occupation and language.
     ✓ Express moods and qualities of people both orally and in writing to describe characteristics of
                                                                                                                                        EL SALVADOR
       family members.
                                                                                                                                               Approximate time: 27 hours
                                                          CONTENTS                                                                 ACHIEVEMENT INDICATORS
                   CONCEPTS                               PROCEDURES                           ATTITUDES
      Contents:                               Listening                              ■ Showing interest in the               3.1   Correctly identifies family ties, people’s
                                                                                       information exchanged by peers.             nationalities, language and age from audio
      ■ Expressions for self-identification    ■ Listening and listing family ties.                                                 sources.
      ■ Family members                                                               ■ Showing respect toward peers’
                                              ■ Listening and identifying people’s     descriptions.                         3.2   Matches words from audio input with pictures of
      ■ Moods, emotions and physical            nationality, language and age.                                                     occupations appropriately.
        description                                                                  ■ Demonstrating empathy before
                                              ■ Listening and matching words           others’ concerns.                     3.3   Accurately circles descriptive adjectives for mood
      ■ Countries, nationalities and            with pictures of occupations.
        languages                                                                                                                  and physical description of family members in a
                                                                                     ■ Showing interest in identifying             given text.
      ■ Jobs and occupations                  ■ Recognizing adjectives for mood        and pronouncing the phonemes
                                                and physical description.              of the genitive case.                 3.4   Clearly discriminates and reproduces the
      ■ Numbers from 91 to 200
                                                                                                                                   phonemes / s/, /z/, and /ez/ of the genitive
                                                                                                                                                                e
      ■ Age                                   ■ Listening and discriminating the     ■ Being tolerant to others’ reactions         case.
                                                phonemes / s/, /z/, and /ez/    e
                                                                                       to someone’s physical description.
      Grammar in context:                       of the genitive case.                                                        3.5   Identifies himself/herself with appropriate
      ■ To be: yes-no questions,                                                     ■ Preventing the use of pejorative            vocabulary.
        affirmative/negative statements,                                                language to describe family
        wh-questions (what/where/how)                                                  members.                              3.6   Uses the correct word to identify family members.
      - Are you from San Salvador?
      - She’s from Spain.
      - My parents are not Salvadoran.
      - Where are you from?


24
         English syllabus for seventh grade
CONTENTS                                           ACHIEVEMENT INDICATORS
           CONCEPTS                                PROCEDURES                      ATTITUDES
■ Introduction to the past of be:        Speaking                                              3.7    Tells family member’s nationality, language and
  affirmative statements                  ■ Identifying oneself.                                       age without errors.
- I was born in Peru.                    ■ Telling the number of family                        3.8    Exchanges information about oneself and others
- My friends were here yesterday.          members in his/her family.                                 using accurate vocabulary and pronunciation.
■ Questions with do/does                 ■ Naming different family ties.                       3.9    Describes someone’s mood with respect.
- Do you live in Sonsonate?              ■ Exchanging information about                        3.10 Accurately pronounces the phonemes /s/, /z/,
                                           family members.                                          and /ez/ of the genitive case.
                                                                                                             e
- What does your father do?
                                         ■ Telling someone’s age, language                     3.11 Correctly incorporates the auxiliary do/does in
■ Subject pronouns: all forms                                                                       negative and interrogative statements.
                                           and nationality.
- He is my best friend.                                                                        3.12 Scans basic vocabulary of family ties from a short
                                         ■ Describing physical traits of family
- They are my grandparents.                members.                                                 written paragraph without mistakes.
■ Genitive case: ´s                      ■ Describing people’s mood.                           3.13 Reads a list of most common adjectives
                                                                                                    describing people’s mood with correct
- My aunt’s nationality is               ■ Pronouncing the phonemes /s/,                            pronunciation.
  Honduran.                                /z/, and /ez/ of the genitive
                                                        e
                                           case.                                               3.14 Reads his/her classmate’s descriptions of physical
- What’s your friend’s age?                                                                         appearance at a sentence level.
Vocabulary:                              ■ Incorporating the auxiliary do/
                                           does in negative and interrogative                  3.15 Draws a family tree and writes a textual
■ Mother, father, sister, brother,                                                                  transcription of the ties without mistakes.
  cousins, aunt, uncle, grandfather,       statements.
  grandmother, teacher, student,         Reading                                               3.16 Writes a list of the 7 most important family
  secretary, accountant, doctor,                                                                    members.
  nurse, lawyer, police officer,          ■ Scanning vocabulary of family ties.
                                                                                               3.17 Writes a short paragraph about physical
  carpenter, plumber, fire fighter,        ■ Reading list of adjectives describing                    description of family members with no or few
  security guard, homemaker,               people’s mood.                                           grammatical mistakes.
  Salvadoran, Canadian,                  ■ Reading and recognizing
  Mexican, Guatemalan,                                                                         3.18 Avoids using pejorative language to describe
                                           descriptions of physical                                 someone’s physical appearance in oral and
  Honduran, Nicaraguan, Costa              appearance.
  Rican, North American , happy,                                                                    written texts.
  sad, angry, quiet, shy, outgoing,      Writing
  polite, impolite, tall, short, thin,
  chubby, good looking, ugly.            ■ Drawing a family tree.
Useful Expressions:
                                         ■ Listing family members.
■ What’s your nationality? How old
  are you? I’m ….years old. What         ■ Writing about physical traits.
  are you like? What’s he/she
  like? Tell me about…How many           ■ Writing an e-mail describing
  people are there in your family?         oneself and others.


                                                                                                                                                                  25
                                                                                                                             English syllabus for seventh grade
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Ingles Tercer Ciclo
Ingles Tercer Ciclo
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Ingles Tercer Ciclo

  • 2. Elías Antonio Saca Presidente de la República Ana Vilma de Escobar Vicepresidenta de la República Darlyn Xiomara Meza Ministra de Educación José Luis Guzmán Carlos Benjamín Orozco Viceministro de Educación Viceministro de Tecnología Norma Carolina Ramírez Directora General de Educación Ana Lorena Guevara de Varela Directora Nacional de Educación Manuel Antonio Menjívar Gerente de Gestión Pedagógica Rosa Margarita Montalvo Jefe de la Unidad Académica Wendy Cristela Menéndez Cruz Jefa de Programa Compite Equipo técnico • Augusto Antonio Cornejo Huezo • Herbert Ovidio Aparicio Castellanos • José Isaías Parada Díaz • José Trinidad Galdámez Sáenz Apoyo técnico externo • Ana María Mendoza • Carmen Castillo • Edgar Nicolás Ayala ISBN 978-99923-58-62-7 © Copyright Ministerio de Educación de El Salvador 2008 Derechos Reservados. Prohibida su venta. Esta publicación puede ser reproducida en todo o en parte, reconociendo los derechos del Ministerio de Educación de El Salvador.
  • 3. Dear Teachers: Within the framework of the 2021 National Education Plan, The Ministry of Education is pleased to make this updated version of the English Syllabus for the Third Cycle of Basic Education available to you . Its content is coherent with our constructivist, humanist and socially committed curricular orientation. At the same time, it incorporates the vision of developing competencies, making the principles of the policy “Currículo al Servicio del Aprendizaje” be put into practice. As part of this policy The Ministry of Education has renewed the guidelines for the evaluation of learning to match the competencies proposal and the needed type of evaluation for our educational system: an evaluation in the service of learning. This is possible if high expectations are placed on our students and if they are told that with effort and steadiness they eventually can achieve their goals. The Ministry of Education takes advantage of this opportunity to manifest our trust in you. We know you will read and analyze this Syllabus with an attitude geared towards learning and improving, taking into account your experience and studies in education. The Ministry of Education believes in your commitment to the mission which has been entrusted to us - that the children, young men and women of El Salvador obtain better learning achievements and develop integrally. Darlyn Xiomara Meza José Luis Guzmán Minister of Education Vice - Minister of Education
  • 4. 4 English syllabus for the third cycle
  • 5. I. Introduction to The English Curriculum for The Third Cycle of Basic Education The English Curriculum for the Third Cycle of Basic Education Finally, objectives, contents and achievement indicators are clearly features a curricular proposal in order to address the need to respond the presented in each unit of study. questions teachers should have as they plan their classes. These questions The English curriculum has been designed upon the standard proficiency are properly answered through the following curricular components: levels to be reached in each grade and cycle of education. On the other QUESTIONS CURRICULAR COMPONENTS hand, it is flexible to teachers’ creativity to contextualize it to their teaching environment to successfully achieve the stated objectives and language What do teachers teach for? Competencies/Objectives proficiency levels. What must students learn? Contents Syllabus innovations How to teach? Methodological guidelines The English curriculum designed and implemented in 1998 is definitely Evaluation guidelines one of the sources for the designing and implementation of the current How, when and what to evaluate? Achievement indicators version; although, it is worth stating that this is a functional/notional syllabus embracing the communicative approach for its development in order to achieve objectives and language proficiency levels. The most The English curriculum is based on these curricular components which remarkable features are detailed below1: are developed as follows: Description of competencies, proficiency levels and approach that a. Objectives orients the English subject development. Objectives are presented by cycle of education, grade and in each unit Presentation of contents aligned with the subject objectives and of study. allow the structuring of units of study. Objectives aim at achieving language and preparation for life The methodological guidelines provide specific recommendations competencies, that is the reason why they are formulated using action for the sequencing of units. They describe, in logical order, the verbs introducing the goals to be reached by means of procedures. stages to develop language competencies through the delivering Afterwards, concepts and attitudes are presented embedded in the and practicing of language functions. In addition they provide objectives, thus, articulating the three types of knowledge. Besides, the general recommendations and it is up to teachers to improve “what for” or learning purpose is finally stated to connect contents with them. The English syllabus features general methodological life and students’ needs. guidelines per cycle of education. Evaluation is developed through suggestions and criteria applicable to diagnostic, formative and summative evaluation functions. 1 Currículo al Servicio del Aprendizaje, Ministerio de Educación, San Salvador, 2007. 5 English syllabus for the third cycle
  • 6. Language proficiency levels The conceptual, procedural and attitudinal contents have the same relevance because the importance and articulation of knowing, doing, Language proficiency levels are given by cycle of education and grade. knowing what to be, and coexisting, is only reflected through their They are meant to serve as guiding references for planning, delivering and integration. The challenge relies on overcoming the trend to solely” teach” evaluating teaching and learning to eventually reach the set language or learn by heart. They have a space and importance of their own but proficiency levels2 by cycle of education and grade. must not be understood anymore as a synonym of successful learning. This takes place only when the three types of contents are articulated. b. Contents Procedural contents deserve special attention because there is a potential Presentation of content sets risk of confusing them with methodology. Cesar Coll4 defines them as follows: The English syllabus presents and describes the sets of contents by each grade providing an insightful view on how they are structured from the “They are always concerned with certain concrete forms of performance, simple to the complex, from the immediate students’ world to the farthest whose most salient feature is that they take place in a systematic and and most abstract world, properly integrating and balancing the three orderly fashion, and that performance is purposely addressed to achieve types of contents or knowledge: conceptual, procedural and attitudinal a definite goal“ and joining language learning, ranging from the mastery of simple daily language functions to the mastery of more complicated and sophisticated Procedural contents are not new in the curriculum, whereas the practical discourse. This new version of the English Syllabus has structured units of dimension or concepts application has been long fostered for decades. study in a different form; these differences are highlighted in a comparative They have been labeled before as techniques, skills, strategies, algorithms, chart of the former syllabus with the current one. etc. When categorizing them as contents, the procedures are subjected to planning and control in much the very same way activities are adequately Three types of contents: conceptual, procedural and attitudinal prepared to guarantee the learning of other types of contents5. Contents’ relevance relies on their contribution to achieve the stated Sequencing of contents objectives as well as language and preparation for life competencies. Antoni Zabala3 defines contents as follows: The scope and sequence has been meticulously elaborated vertically and horizontally to guarantee that teachers will deliver teaching in a “Set of skills, attitudes and knowledge needed for development of scaffolding fashion and students will construct knowledge in the same competencies. They are categorized in three large groups depending on way. how they are related with knowing, knowing what to do or to be, that is to say, conceptual contents, (deeds, concepts and conceptual systems), Moreover, contents are suited to address students’ needs, interests and procedural contents (skills, techniques, methods, strategies..etc.) and problems to connect learning with background knowledge, previous life attitudinal contents (attitudes, norms and values)” experiences and a sense of usefulness; therefore, learning will emerge as a likeable, enjoyable and meaningful task. 2 The American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages, Proficiency Guidelines, New York, 1989. 6 3 Marco Curricular. Antoni Zabala. Documento de referencia de consulta para el Ministerio de Educación, página 21. 4 Los Contenidos de la Reforma. Cesar Coll y otros. Editorial Santillana. Aula XXI, 1992, página 85. English syllabus for the third cycle 5 Ibid. Página 103.
  • 7. Besides, standardized minimum proficiency levels have been set to be The constant follow up outlined in the achievement indicators implies reached by the end of each grade and cycle of education; thus, assuring the providing of prompt and opportune academic reinforcement to those teachers and students have clear teaching and learning standards to students who need it and the making of planning and teaching adaptations pursue. to adequately address different students’ learning styles. c. Evaluation Graphic description of units Achievement indicators6 constitute one of the most salient innovations. Grade, number and name of unit: They are the unit general Achievement indicators prove the expected learning outcomes in data. relationship with objectives and contents of each unit. They are useful Estimated time of completion for the unit: Approximate number of in assessing students’ learning because they point out expected hours to be allocated to the development of each unit. performance; therefore, they must be considered for assessment and Objectives of unit: They express what is expected to be achieved academic reinforcement activities. In this English syllabus, achievement by the students at the end of each unit. indicators are meant to evaluate students’ development of language and Conceptual, procedural and attitudinal contents: They comprise preparation for life competencies. the concepts, procedures and attitudes that must be acquired by students through the mediation of the teaching-learning process. Achievement indicators are numbered correlatively in each unit of study. Example, 5.1 means that the indicator belongs to unit five and is the Achievement indicators: They are sample evidence that students indicator number one. have reached the stated objectives at the end of each unit. d. Academic Reinforcement Evaluation results must be used to support and orient teaching planning as well as students’ learning. Through the analysis of evaluation results, teachers could decide on what to feedback, and how to reshape their teaching approach to address students’ affective and learning needs, thus, preventing frustration and dislike towards English subject as well as drop out. Through performance outcomes teachers and students may assess learning quality, understand how learning took place and weigh the obstacles faced during the process. Consequently, teachers and students will look into the causes that made learning difficult recognizing that it is often not because students neglect the studies or are unable to have success7. 6 Evaluación al Servicio del Aprendizaje, Ministerio de Educación, San Salvador, 2007. 7 Evaluación al Servicio del Aprendizaje, Ministerio de Educación, San Salvador, 2007. 7 English syllabus for the third cycle
  • 8. Description and Presentation of the Learning Unit Format Estimated time for the unit Unit objectives Number and name of unit Prioritized achievement Conceptual contents indicators Procedural Numbered achievement contents Attitudinal contents indicators 8 English syllabus for the third cycle
  • 9. II. Third Cycle Curriculum The Third Cycle Curriculum is organized in subjects with a number of Implementing the English curriculum implies doing curricular adaptations hours as follows: to meet the students’ needs and adjusting it to the conditions of the context. This contextualization is expedited by the “Proyecto Curricular de Centro” (PCC)8 in which teachers’ agreements on curricular components Subjects Seventh Eighth Ninth (competencies/objectives, contents, methodology and evaluation) are Hours per Hours per Hours per Hours per Hours per Hours per registered, these agreements are worked out based on students’ academic week year week year week year achievements, mission and diagnose of the educational institution. Language and Literature 5 200 5 200 5 200 Mathematics 5 200 5 200 5 200 Teachers should definitely consider the PCC pedagogical agreements Science 5 200 5 200 5 200 Social Studies and the English syllabus as key references for didactic planning. Both 5 200 5 200 5 200 instruments complement each other. English 3 120 3 120 3 120 Physical Education 2 80 2 80 2 80 Total of hours. 25 1,000 25 1,000 25 1,000 Cross-Curricular Themes On the understanding that there will be three English classes per week The cross-curricular themes contribute to the students’ integral education and one hundred and twenty hours of classes in a school year, the six units because it is through their socialization that a democratic society plenty of of study that make up the curriculum for the school year will be developed values is consolidated, a society where people and nature are respected in the following estimated time: and people are able to solve personal, local and nation’s problems. The cross-curricular themes9 are an essential part of the syllabus and Units of study Hours Grades per year should be applied in the development of the contents. The present 1 2 3 4 5 6 document includes the following cross-curricular themes: Human Seventh grade 12 12 27 28 14 27 120 Rights Education, Environmental Education, Population Education, Eighth grade 9 12 24 27 24 24 120 Comprehensive Preventive Education, Education for Equal Opportunity, Ninth grade 12 9 24 24 27 24 120 Health Education, Education for The Consumer and Values Education. 8 For further information, read section on Proyecto Curricular de Centro. Currículo al Servicio del Aprendizaje, Ministerio de Educación, San Salvador, 2007. 9 Fundamentos Curriculares de la Educación Nacional. Ministerio de Educación, páginas 115- 116, El Salvador, 1999. 9 English syllabus for the third cycle
  • 10. III. Presentation of the English Subject, Approach, Language Proficiency Levels, and Content Blocks Presentation of the English Subject The English Syllabus for the Third Cycle of Basic Education focuses on b. It applies to both written and spoken language. the development of language competencies essential for communicating c. It is context-specific, as communication always takes place in a and properly interacting with the environment. Developing these particular context or situation. The competent language user will competencies implies the learning of concepts, the domain of procedures know how to make appropriate choices in register and style to fit the and the adopting of attitudes integrally. This integration guarantees the particular situation in which communication occurs. acquisition of the expected competencies. d. It is important to distinguish between competence and performance. This syllabus promotes the development of five competencies: oral Competence is what one knows. Performance is what one does. Only comprehension (listening), oral production (speaking), reading performance is observable, however, and it is only through performance comprehension (reading) and writing production (writing). Such that competence can be developed, maintained, and evaluated. competencies are developed through a spiral process to internalize language functions by using the language in different contexts and circumstances with a given degree of accuracy and fluency. In conclusion, the conceptualization of the term proficiency includes specifications about the competency levels attained in terms of the The Communicative Approach functions performed, the contexts in which the language user can function, and the accuracy with which the language is used. Thus, the notion of The communicative approach pursues the development of communicative proficiency enables us to broaden our understanding of communicative competence. The terms competence and performance became competence to include more than the “threshold level” needed to simply fundamental to Chomsky’s (1965) theory of transformational-generative get one’s message across. grammar. Chomsky distinguished between a native speaker’s underlying competence -referring to knowledge of the language, including rules of grammar, vocabulary, and how linguistic elements can be combined to form acceptable sentences- and the individual’s performance- or actual production and comprehension of specific linguistic events. In a definition of communicative competence, Savignon outlines the following characteristics: a. Communicative competence is a dynamic concept that depends on the negotiation of meaning between two or more persons who share some knowledge of the language. Thus, communicative competence can be said to be an interpersonal trait. 10 English syllabus for the third cycle
  • 11. General Communicative Competence Level to be Reached by The End of The Third Cycle of Basic Education By the end of the third cycle of basic education students’ communicative competence will be characterized by the ability to communicate minimally with learned material. Competencies Grade Listening Speaking Reading Writing Understanding is limited to Oral production consists of Able occasionally to identify Able to form some letters in Novice 7th Grade occasional isolated words, isolated words and perhaps isolated words and/or an alphabetic system, in languages whose writing Low10 such as cognates, borrowed a few high-frequency phrases. major phrases when strongly 1 AÑO words, and high-frequency Essentially no func-tional supported by context. systems use syllabaries or social conventions.Essentially communicative ability. characters, writer is able no ability to comprehend- to both copy and produce even short utterances. the basic strokes. Can produce romanization of isolated characters, where applicable. Able to understand some Oral production continues Able to recognize the Able to copy or transcribe Novice short utterances, particularly to consist of isolated words symbols of an alphabetic familiar words or phrases and learned phrases within Mid where context strongly and/or syllabic writing and reproduce some from supports understanding and very predictable areas of system and/or a limited memory. No practical 8th Grade speech is clearly audible. need, although quantity is number of characters in a communicative writing Comprehends words and increased. Vocabulary is system that uses characters. skills. phrases from simple questions, sufficient only for handling The reader can identify an statements, high-frequency simple, elementary needs increasing number of highly and expressing basic commands and courtesy contextualized words and/or courtesies. Utterances rarely formulae about topics related phrases including cognates consist of more than two to basic personal information and borrowed words, or three words and show or the immediate physical frequent long pauses and where appropriate. Material setting. Requires long repetition of interlocutor’s understood rarely exceeds a pauses, repetition and/or words. Speaker may have single phrase at a time, and a slower rate of speech for some difficulty producing rereading may be required. assimilation. even the simplest utterances. Some Novice-Mid speakers will be understood only with great difficulty. 10 Levels of Proficiency. The American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages, ACTFL Guidelines, New York, 1989 11 English syllabus for the third cycle
  • 12. Competencies Grade Listening Speaking Reading Writing Able to understand short- Able to satisfy partially Has sufficient control of the Able to write simple fixed Novice learned utterances and the requirements of basic writing system to interpret expressions and limited High some sentence-length communicative exchanges written language in areas memorized material. Can 9th Grade 1 AÑO utterances, particularly by relying heavily on learned of practical need. Where supply information on simple where context strongly utterances but occasionally vocabulary has been learned, forms and documents. Can supports understanding and expanding these through can read for instructional write names, numbers, dates, speech is clearly audible. simple combinations of their and directional purposes own nationality, and other Comprehends words elements. Can ask questions standardized messages, simple autobiographical and phrases from simple or make statements involving phrases or expressions, such information as well as some questions, statements, high- learned material. Speech as some items on menus, short phrases and simple lists. frequency commands and continues to consist of learned schedules, timetables, maps, Can write all the symbols in courtesy formulae. May utterances rather than of and signs. At times, but not on an alphabetic or syllabic require repetition, rephrasing personalized, situationally a consistent basis, the Basic- system or 50-100 characters and/or a slowed rate of adapted ones. Vocabulary High level reader may be or compounds in a character speech for comprehension. centers on areas such as able to derive meaning from writing system. Spelling and basic objects, places, and material at a slightly higher representation of symbols most common kinship terms. level where context and/or (letters, syllables, characters) Pronunciation may still be extralinguistic background may be partially correct. strongly influenced by first knowledge are supportive. language. Errors are frequent and, in spite of repetition, some Novice-High speakers will have difficulty being understood. 12 English syllabus for the third cycle
  • 13. Comparison Between The Former English Syllabus and The Current English Syllabus for Seventh Grade FORMER ENGLISH SYLLABUS CURRENT ENGLISH SYLLABUS DIDACTICAL UNITS OF FORMER DIDACTICAL UNITS BLOCKS OF CONTENTS ENGLISH SYLLABUS Unit 1. Getting to know the world Unit 1. Nice to meet you: Students understand and produce Introductions, simple greetings, courtesy expressions, the Using vocabulary related to members of the family, vocabulary related to introductions, greetings, names, alphabet, numbers from 0 to 90, telephone numbers, occupations, countries and nationalities. The students numbers and courtesy expressions in order to fulfill basic expressions to check and confirm information identify and describe people, ask and give personal communication needs valuing the importance of learning information. English and work cooperatively with classmates. Unit 2. What’s around us Unit 2. The classroom: Students demonstrate effective Classroom objects The home, the school, the park and the street are the use of vocabulary and structures in order to describe Personal items, colors, possessions settings in which students practice describing places and characteristics and location of classroom objects and expressions of thanks, common commands in the asking and giving informa-tion. The vocabulary used refers talk about personal classroom belongings and exchange classroom to home, school, days of the week, telling time. opinions about peers’ classroom possessions; moreover, they give and follow classroom commands showing courtesy and respect. Unit 3. Having fun Unit 3. My family is from El Salvador: Students use Expressions for self-identification, family members, foods, Students express preferences, describe actions, express vocabulary related to family ties, language and emotions and physical description, countries, nationalities abilities ask and give informa-tion about entertaining, fun nationalities in order to give general information pertaining and languages, jobs and occupations, numbers from 91 activities at home, at the fair and on vacation. to age, nationality, number of family members, occupation to 200, age and language; also, they express moods and describe characteristics of family members. Unit 4. Strengthening our body Unit 4. Goods: Students understand and produce language Numbers from 200 to 1000,clothing and accessories, Sports and healthy life are the background in which related to prices, clothing, furniture, food and drinks in furniture, food and drinks, seasons and weather, money students express their likes and dislikes, ask and give order to learn how to ask for and purchase goods as well denominations, prices up to $500.00 information about food and sports. as get acquainted with the role of Customer Service and consumer’s rights. Unit 5. Let’s save the earth Unit 5. Holidays: Students recognize and use ordinal Dates (month/day/year),ordinal numbers: 1st to 31st, Vocabulary related to the eco-system is used to describe numbers, days of the week and months of the year in holidays, birthdays animals and their habitats as well as to ask and give order to communicate ideas about age, and national information about the weather. and international holidays. Furthermore, they engage in conversations in order to tell age, place/date of birth and general personal information. Unit 6. What do you do? Unit 6. A perfect day Students interpret and use language Telling the time, daily activities, hobbies/entertainment Actions and occupations as a framework to ask and give related to time, habitual actions and entertainment in information about daily routines and future plans. order to keep a conversation going about daily routines and schedules, frequency of habitual activities, hobbies and leisure time activities. 13 English syllabus for the third cycle
  • 14. Comparison Between The Former English Syllabus and The Current English Syllabus for Eighth Grade FORMER ENGLISH SYLLABUS CURRENT ENGLISH SYLLABUS DIDACTICAL UNITS OF FORMER DIDACTICAL UNITS BLOCKS OF CONTENTS ENGLISH SYLLABUS Unit 1. Every day life Unit 1. Getting to know my classmates: Students understand Formal and informal introductions, greetings and leave- The students describe their daily routine, and favorite and produce language related to introductions, greetings takings, nicknames, vocabulary and expressions to activities, give reasons for their likes and dislikes, and and leave-takings, personal information, likes and dislikes exchange personal information, likes and dislikes plan future acti-vities. in order to respectfully exchange personal information with peers and others and simultaneously develop a positive attitude toward English. Unit 2. Tales from other lands Unit 2. My school: Students identify vocabulary related Identification of facilities, personnel, objects and Salvadorian short stories and traditions are the settings in to school facilities, personnel, courses, equipment, and equipment at school, comparison of objects, courses and which students practice narrating and writing short stories, activities in order to recognize characteristics and make facilities, description of school activities talking about the past and expressing their preferences. comparisons. They produce language using comparatives and superlatives to denote degree in the school environment and develop an attitude of respect and commitment toward the school. Unit 3. The wonders of nature Unit 3. My home: Students recognize and produce House and furniture, physical appearance of relatives, Students talk and write about changes in their personality language related to house, furniture, physical appearance personality of relatives, meaning of home and their body, ask and give infor-mation about food, and personality types in order to describe their own houses describe a place, and ex-press the need to preserve and family members; besides, they are encouraged nature. sensitive behavior by using respectful language to improve relationships among family members. Unit 4. The world of sports Unit 4. Let’s go shopping : Students recognize and produce Clothing and personal care items, home appliances, The sense of cooperating in sports is the background language related to clothes, personal care items, home review of colors, prices up to $1000.00, groceries and in which students talk about sports and other activities, appliances, groceries, and prices in order to exchange produce describe and com-pare different occupations, and accept daily use information as well as value the importance of or reject an invitation. learning a foreign language as a tool to communicate ideas in the economic and social context. Unit 5. Let’s enjoy music Unit 5. Party time: Students interpret and generate language Invitations, requests. expressions of agreement and Vocabulary related to music, native musical instruments related to future plans, invitations, requests, expressions disagreement and traditional festivities and food, are used to express of agreement and disagreement in order to fulfill basic abilities, preferences, des-cribe people and places and communication needs and value the importance of planning narrate past events social, cultural or academic activities in advance. Unit 6. Not quantity but quality Unit 6. Healthy habits: Students recognize language related Food pyramid, eating habits, exercising and sports Eating out and types of food as a framework to express to healthy eating habits, exercising and sports, as well as preferences, compare prices and quality, accept or refuse the use of imperatives to give suggestions; in addition, an invitation and make suggestions. they value and diffuse the importance of healthy habits to achieve personal well-being. 14 English syllabus for the third cycle
  • 15. Comparison Between The Former English Syllabus and The Current English Syllabus for Ninth Grade FORMER ENGLISH SYLLABUS CURRENT ENGLISH SYLLABUS DIDACTICAL UNITS OF FORMER DIDACTICAL UNITS BLOCKS OF CONTENTS ENGLISH SYLLABUS Unit 1. Our roots Unit 1. Making friends in the neighborhood : Students Professional and academic background of relatives and The students read and write about the past, describe identify and produce language related to professional neighbors, plans for the weekend, expressions to make continuous actions in the past, talk about traditions, and and academic background, plans for the weekend and formal and informal invitations expressions to accept/ describe some social changes in El Salvador. invitations in a past-present-future time framework. They refuse formal and informal invitations also improve the skills to make friends, which is of practical use in the classroom, the school and the neighborhood. Unit 2. Heroes are coming back Unit 2. The neighborhood: Students identify and demonstrate Locations in the neighborhood, directions in the Some geographical locations, traffic signs, effective language use to ask for and give directions to get neighborhood, locations in a building personal characteristics and behavior make up the to places in the neighborhood or offices in a building, and framework in which students ask and give directions to simultaneously develop a sense of awareness to be helpful a place, follow instructions on social behavior, describe to other people who need directions. people, and express desires and plans. Unit 3. Life in the future Unit 3. My hometown: Students comprehend and generate Tourist attractions, festivities, local/regional food, Students describe what may happen in the future, discourse to convey information on tourist attractions, hometown history express obligations and plans for the future and make festivities, local/regional food, and hometown’s history predictions. and consequently promote cultural identity. Unit 4. The living planet Unit 4. It’s on sale!: Students understand and articulate Food, shopping , numbers 1000 to 1,000,000, prices The eco-system and weather conditions are the discourse expressing data on foods, numbers, prices, up to $1,000,000.00 background in which students talk about mythology, shopping and implicitly encourage good spending habits. develop environmental awareness and describe the weather in different places. Unit 5. Towns and cities in the world Unit 5. Entertainment: Students understand and elaborate Leisure time activities (music, movies, books, games, The students describe cities around the world, ask messages, at sentence and paragraph levels, on leisure sports) and give information about holidays and means of time activities and decisively socialize the practice of sound transportation, express opinions about cities, and create leisure time activities as a means to preserve physical and a strong awareness about environmental problems. mental health and boost general cultural growth. Unit 6. The magic screen Unit 6. You should visit the doctor: Students get meaning and Parts of the body, health problems, medications, feelings, Television and the movie as a source of reference to ask operate successfully in communicating messages concerning suggestions and give information about preferences concerning kinds to parts of the body, health problems, medications, feelings, of movies, describe present and past events, express suggestions and acquire good health care-taking habits to opinions and make suggestions. keep body healthy and be more productive in studies and work. 15 English syllabus for the third cycle
  • 16. IV. Methodological Guidelines These general methodological guidelines are intended to present a giving students the opportunity to construct hypothesis that may be general vision of the communicative approach and related methods. The tested through practice. application of its basic tenets will allow students to develop language and 13. The teacher must create the appropriate conditions for learning. To do preparation for life competencies; besides, teachers will be enhanced to so, teachers must guide learners in the acquisition process by using deliver a humane, meaningful, motivating and effective teaching. activities that are not only structure-oriented. 1. The communicative approach emphasizes comprehension and The following methodological guidelines can be useful for teachers to negotiation of meaning more than production of structures. Students plan and deliver English teaching in the classroom: can learn to communicate through interacting, and understand that the appropriate morpho-syntactical structures are developed once the 1. Explore background knowledge on the topic to be taught. interaction begins. 2. Begin classes with a lead-in or an icebreaker and present language in 2. English teachers and students must create an atmosphere of mutual context. respect and objectivity on the part of the listener in order to understand 3. Do controlled and free language practice. better. 4. Integrate macro skills and sub-skills in the teaching-learning process. 3. This approach also develops cooperation and solidarity among the 5. Time and pace your teaching. students, which they will carry on to their professional lives. 6. Create situations for using language for communication in varied 4. The communicative approach is student-centered. What is taught and contexts. how it is taught are intimately related with what is learned and how it 7. Encourage students to communicate as early as possible, in the is learned. The teaching learning process must be varied. teaching-learning process. 5. This approach demands that the classroom be a center of interaction 8. Mostly use target language in your classes. between the teacher and the students, and among the students 9. Promote interaction and team work among students. themselves. 10. Use authentic materials and input as much as possible. 6. The classroom must be organized in teams. Of course, this does not 11. Provide opportunities for students to practice an array of language mean that work must always be done in teams. functions needed to go through basic survival situations as well as 7. The communicative approach makes learning take place in a real uncommon and complicated ones. situational context and it also makes it meaningful in a variety of 12. Care for equally promoting discourse fluency and accuracy. situations of everyday life. Upon finishing ninth grade, students will 13. Address students’ cognitive needs as well affective ones. have acquired the fundamental communicative skills to face reality 14. Create a comfortable, confident and likeable teaching–learning skillfully. atmosphere. 8. Conceptual, procedural and attitudinal contents must not be isolated, 15. Use proper error correction techniques in order to not hurt students’ since all of them are strictly related to the communicative act. Attitudinal feelings and hinder class participation. contents play an important role in the learning process. 16. Promote cross-cultural understanding and harmonious exchange with 9. Communicative strategies must also be accounted for in the learning other cultures. process. Teachers should make students aware of the way strategies 17. Teach across the curriculum to facilitate the education of exemplifying are used to take full advantage of them. human beings and future professionals. 10. Learning strategies are equally important since they contribute to the 18. Wrap up classes to elicit the intended class learning and move on with construction of the English language linguistic system. However, they the certainty the students have internalized knowledge to be successful need to be taught and controlled. in the forthcoming classes. 11. Errors made by the students must not be seen as faults, but as evidence 19. Provide feedback in case it is needed; evaluate students’ learning and of the dynamic nature of the learning process. your teaching. 12. English teachers should be aware that English is learned through a creative construction process, being exposed to authentic material, 16 English syllabus for the third cycle
  • 17. V. Evaluation Guidelines Evaluation tenets thought and continuity in a text. The competent language user will also Teachers must take into account evaluation tenets to plan and administer be skilled in expressing and judging the relationship among the different tests. They state that evaluation is holistic or integrating, continuous, ideas in a text (Coherence). motivating, just and fair, systematic and participatory12. Strategic competence involves use of verbal and nonverbal communication Competencies to be evaluated strategies to compensate for gaps in the language user’s knowledge of Teachers will ponder students learning outcomes by evaluating the the code or for breakdown in communication for other reasons. The more following competencies13. proficient or communicatively competent an individual becomes, the less he or she needs to draw on strategic competence. This competency goal Oral comprehension (listening) is the skill to listen and interpret oral is to produce oral discourse in a conversation to interchange general and messages effectively in diverse communicative contexts. It has to do specific information on various topics. with identifying general and specific information orally articulated in a conversation among interlocutors or understanding texts reproduced by Reading comprehension (reading) is an interactive process where the electronic means (cassettes, recorded CDs, radio or videos). reader uses information from a text and relates it with his/her experience to make meaning out of it. The goal of this competency is to understand Oral production (speaking) is the capacity of communicating orally general and specific information from written texts on various topics to making use of grammatical, sociolinguistic discourse and strategic enrich the English learning level for interacting in diverse communicative competencies14: contexts. Grammatical competence refers to the degree to which the language user Writing production (writing) is a graphic representation of the language has mastered the linguistic code. It includes knowledge of vocabulary, rules that uses conventional, systematic and identifiable signs. The goal of this of pronunciation and spelling, word formation, and sentence structure. competency is to write general and specific texts on socio-cultural and scientific topics to express ideas, emotions and thoughts with diverse Sociolinguistic competence addresses the extent to which grammatical communicative purposes. forms can be used or understood appropriately in various contexts to convey specific communicative functions, such as persuading, describing, Preparation for life competencies narrating, and giving commands. Factors like topic, role of the participants, These allude to the attitudinal contents through which attitudes, and the setting will determine the appropriateness of the speaker’s attitude norms and values are socialized in school forging the character and and his choice of style or register. personality of humane and educated persons and citizens. Therefore, this dimension of the teaching learning process is subjected to be evaluated Discourse competence involves the ability to combine ideas to achieve through students’ proper behavior when being confronted with real life cohesion in form and coherence in thought. A person with a highly situations. developed degree of discourse competence will know how to use cohesive devices, such as pronouns and grammatical connectors (i.e. conjunctions, adverbs, and transitional phrases and expressions), to achieve unity of 12 Evaluación al Servicio del Aprendizaje, Ministerio de Educación, 2007. 13 Currículo al Servicio del Aprendizaje. Ministerio de Educación, 2007. 17 14 Teaching Language in Context. Proficiency-Oriented Instruction, Alice C Omaggio, 1986, pages 7-8. English syllabus for the third cycle
  • 18. Types of evaluation Criteria to evaluate oral production: fluency, pronunciation, vocabulary, To evaluate students’ language learning teachers must rely on norm- grammatical competence, strategic competence, sociolinguistic referenced testing but mostly on criterion-reference testing15. Criterion- competence and discourse competence. referenced-testing classifies students according to whether or not they are able to perform some tasks or set of tasks satisfactorily. The tasks are set, Criteria to evaluate writing production: grammar, vocabulary, mechanics, and the performances. fluency and form20. A list of kinds of tests is provided for teachers to choose from the ones that adjust to the intended evaluation purposes: Diagnostic tests16 are used to identify student’s strengths and weaknesses. They are intended primarily to ascertain what further teaching is necessary. Consequently, they can be used at the beginning of each grade or cycle of education to diagnose student’s proficiency level. Progress achievement tests17 as their name suggests, are intended to measure the progress that students are making. Therefore, this kind of tests can be used halfway a grade or cycle of education to gather reliable evidence of learning progress. Final achievement tests18 are those administered at the end of a course of study. They can be used to evaluate final learning achievement at the end of each grade or cycle of education. Proficiency tests 19 are designed to measure people’s ability in a language regardless of any training they may have had before. The content of a proficiency test, therefore, is not based on the content or objectives of language courses that may have followed. Rather, it is based on a specification of what candidates have to be able to do in the language in order to be considered proficient. Being proficient means having sufficient command of the language for a particular purpose. Evaluation criteria. The following are suggested criteria to evaluate oral and written production. 15 Testing for Language Teachers. Arthur Hughes, 1989, pages 17-18. 18 16 Testing for Language Teachers. Arthur Hughes, 1989, page 13. 17 Ibid, page 10. English syllabus for the third cycle 18 Ibid, page 10 19 Ibid, page 9 10 Ibid, pages 91-93.
  • 19. Seventh Grade ENGLISH Seventh grade general objectives. By the end of seventh grade, students will be able to: Understand vocabulary related to introductions, greetings, names, numbers and courtesy expressions by interacting with peers in order to fulfill basic communication needs. Use vocabulary and structures by practicing dialogues in order to describe and locate classroom objects, talk about personal belongings, give and follow classroom commands showing courtesy and respect. Use vocabulary related to family ties, age, language, nationalities and physical traits by writing sentences and short paragraphs and engaging in dialogues in order to exchange personal information and describe family members. Understand and produce language related to shopping by reading and interacting with peers in order to purchase goods and get acquainted with the role of Customer Service. Interpret and use language related to time, habitual actions and entertainment by asking and responding to questions in order to talk about daily routines and leisure time activities.
  • 20. Objectives ✓ Understand vocabulary related to introductions, greetings, names, numbers and courtesy expressions by listening to classmates, teacher and taped audio material in order to fulfill UNIT 1 intended basic communication needs in the target language. ✓ Produce spoken and written texts related to introductions, greetings, names, numbers, and courtesy expressions in order to fulfill intended basic communication needs in the target NICE TO MEET YOU language. ✓ Value the importance of learning English by participating in class and working cooperatively with classmates to initiate the learning process effectively. Approximate time: 12 hours CONTENTS ACHIEVEMENT INDICATORS CONCEPTS PROCEDURES ATTITUDES Contents: Listening ■ Showing acceptance and 1.1 Differentiates the sounds of consonant and vowel ■ Introductions ■ Identifying vowel and consonant tolerance of errors in spelling and sounds at the discourse level. sounds when spelling. identifying numbers. 1.2 Clearly spells his/her name both orally and in ■ Simple greetings ■ Recognizing numbers from 0 to ■ Showing interest to find out peers’ writing. ■ Courtesy expressions names and phone numbers. 90. 1.3 Differentiates accurately the –teen and –ty endings ■ The alphabet ■ Interacting politely and with in numbers from 13 to 19 and from 30 to 90. ■ Identifying expressions used to ■ Numbers from 0 to 90 ask someone’s name or name respect when introducing oneself 1.4 Correctly names and pronounces numbers from 0 spelling. and others. to 90. ■ Telephone numbers ■ Differentiating the –teen from –ty ■ Showing respect while 1.5 Correctly expresses numbers when counting to 50, ■ Expressions to check and confirm conversing. information endings in numbers from 13 to giving addresses, and telephone numbers. 19 and from 30 to 90. ■ Recognizing the importance 1.6 Respectfully exchanges greetings and courtesy Grammar in context: of stress and intonation in the ■ Verb to be: affirmative statements ■ Discriminating greetings from expressions in a dialogue. courtesy expressions. exchange of information or ideas. - I am Pablo Cortés. - She is my classmate. Speaking ■ Introducing oneself. ■ Asking for and giving personal information. ■ Clarifying information given when spelling names and last names, and giving information. 20 English syllabus for seventh grade
  • 21. CONTENTS ACHIEVEMENT INDICATORS CONCEPTS PROCEDURES ATTITUDES ■ Possessive adjectives: my your, ■ Spelling names and last names. 1.7 Asks questions to confirm spelling and numbers. his, her. ■ Exchanging telephone numbers. 1.8 Shows politeness and respect when addressing - What’s your telephone number? ■ Greeting people. others. - My telephone number is ■ Saying courtesy expressions. 1.9 Scans a text for information related with numbers 22483371. and names. ■ Striking up simple conversations ■ Subject pronouns: I, you, he, she by greeting, giving personal 1.10 Identifies greetings and courtesy expressions in a - I am a student. information, and using courtesy simple text. - He is my friend expressions. 1.11 Writes the numbers from 0 to 90 accurately. Vocabulary: Reading 1.12 Writes dialogues using greetings and courtesy ■ Recognizing letters of the alphabet. expressions correctly. ■ First/middle/last names Useful expressions: ■ Recognizing telephone numbers. ■ How do you spell…? How do you ■ Identifying greetings and courtesy say…? Could you spell Could you expressions. spell your…? How are you? How Writing are you doing? Good, fine, O.K., ■ Copying telephone numbers. not bad. Courtesy expressions: please, thank you, sorry, pardon ■ Spelling and writing names and last me.Hi, hello, good morning, good names afternoon, bye, good-bye, see you ■ Writing dialogues using greetings, later. giving personal information and courtesy expressions. 21 English syllabus for seventh grade
  • 22. Objectives ✓ Demonstrate effective use of intended vocabulary and structures in order to describe UNIT 2 THE CLASSROOM characteristics and location of classroom objects both orally and in writing. ✓ Talk about personal classroom belongings using demonstrative adjectives in order to exchange opinions about peers’ classroom possessions. ✓ Give and follow classroom commands showing courtesy and respect in order to communicate within the classroom setting. Approximate time: 12 hours CONTENTS ACHIEVEMENT INDICATORS CONCEPTS PROCEDURES ATTITUDES Contents: Listening ■ Following the class behavior 2.1 Accurately identifies personal classroom objects ■ Classroom objects ■ Identifying vocabulary related to code. and belongings. ■ Personal items classroom objects. ■ Thanking someone to show 2.2 Clearly recognizes expressions of thanks in audio ■ Recognizing expressions of gratitude. sources. ■ Colors thanks. ■ Showing respect for others’ 2.3 Responds physically to classroom commands. ■ Possessions belongings. ■ Responding to classroom 2.4 Accurately discriminates the phonetic difference ■ Expressions of thanks commands. ■ Cooperating with peers in the between this /ðıs/ and these /ðiz/ ■ Common commands in the ■ Identifying and associating classroom. 2.5 Names classroom objects with correct classroom prepositions of place with spatial ■ Showing politeness when giving pronunciation. Grammar in context: location. commands. 2.6 Describes classmates’ classroom belongings. ■ To be: wh-questions, yes-no ■ Discriminating the phonetic questions, negative statements, difference between this /ðıs/ and short answers and these /ðiz/ 22 English syllabus for seventh grade
  • 23. CONTENTS ACHIEVEMENT INDICATORS CONCEPTS PROCEDURES ATTITUDES - Where is the eraser? ■ Identifying the plural form of 2.7 Locates classroom objects using the prepositions - Whose book is this? classroom objects. in/on/at/under. - Is your shirt expensive? Speaking 2.8 Thanks peers with appropriate expressions. - Yes, it is. No, it’s not. ■ Naming classroom objects. 2.9 Uses possessive adjectives accurately to talk - My book isn’t here. ■ Describing classroom objects about classroom belongings. ■ Indefinite articles: a/an (color and location). 2.10 Expresses commands appropriate to intended - I have a red dress. ■ Saying thank you. purpose and situation. - This is an orange notebook. ■ Strengthening the use of 2.11 Pronounces this /ðıs/ and these /ðiz/ correctly. ■ Prepositions of place: in/on/at/ possessive adjectives to express 2.12 Successfully scans a text for classroom vocabulary. under possessions. 2.13 Reads and identifies expressions of courtesy and - Put your books on the desk. ■ Using commands to give thanks. - Is your pen under the table? instructions. 2.14 Spells the names of classroom objects accurately. ■ Demonstratives: this/these/that/ ■ Pronouncing the right phoneme of 2.15 Writes the correct form of the plural of nouns. those this and these. 2.16 Writes 3 to 4-sentence descriptions of color and - What is this? ■ Pronouncing the right phonemes location of classroom objects. - What are these? for plural endings. - Those are markers. Reading ■ Plurals ■ Scanning for classroom - I have three books. vocabulary. - Those are big boxes. ■ Identifying expressions of courtesy Vocabulary: and thanks in different sources. ■ Board, eraser, book, notebook, Writing pencil, pen, teacher, student, ■ Spelling vocabulary related desk, chair, table, liquid paper, to classroom objects and pencil sharpener, backpack, commands. pencil case, box, etc. ■ Writing the plural of nouns. Useful expressions: ■ Writing descriptions of classroom ■ Go to the board. Close/open objects. your books/the door, the windows. Work in groups/pairs. Make a circle. Sit down, stand up, erase the board, turn on/off the computer/lights. Thank you. Thanks. Thanks a lot. Thank you very much. You’re welcome. 23 English syllabus for seventh grade
  • 24. Objectives UNIT 3 ✓ Use vocabulary related to family ties, language and nationalities in both oral and written discourse in order to give general information pertaining to age, nationality, number of family MY FAMILY IS FROM members, job, occupation and language. ✓ Express moods and qualities of people both orally and in writing to describe characteristics of EL SALVADOR family members. Approximate time: 27 hours CONTENTS ACHIEVEMENT INDICATORS CONCEPTS PROCEDURES ATTITUDES Contents: Listening ■ Showing interest in the 3.1 Correctly identifies family ties, people’s information exchanged by peers. nationalities, language and age from audio ■ Expressions for self-identification ■ Listening and listing family ties. sources. ■ Family members ■ Showing respect toward peers’ ■ Listening and identifying people’s descriptions. 3.2 Matches words from audio input with pictures of ■ Moods, emotions and physical nationality, language and age. occupations appropriately. description ■ Demonstrating empathy before ■ Listening and matching words others’ concerns. 3.3 Accurately circles descriptive adjectives for mood ■ Countries, nationalities and with pictures of occupations. languages and physical description of family members in a ■ Showing interest in identifying given text. ■ Jobs and occupations ■ Recognizing adjectives for mood and pronouncing the phonemes and physical description. of the genitive case. 3.4 Clearly discriminates and reproduces the ■ Numbers from 91 to 200 phonemes / s/, /z/, and /ez/ of the genitive e ■ Age ■ Listening and discriminating the ■ Being tolerant to others’ reactions case. phonemes / s/, /z/, and /ez/ e to someone’s physical description. Grammar in context: of the genitive case. 3.5 Identifies himself/herself with appropriate ■ To be: yes-no questions, ■ Preventing the use of pejorative vocabulary. affirmative/negative statements, language to describe family wh-questions (what/where/how) members. 3.6 Uses the correct word to identify family members. - Are you from San Salvador? - She’s from Spain. - My parents are not Salvadoran. - Where are you from? 24 English syllabus for seventh grade
  • 25. CONTENTS ACHIEVEMENT INDICATORS CONCEPTS PROCEDURES ATTITUDES ■ Introduction to the past of be: Speaking 3.7 Tells family member’s nationality, language and affirmative statements ■ Identifying oneself. age without errors. - I was born in Peru. ■ Telling the number of family 3.8 Exchanges information about oneself and others - My friends were here yesterday. members in his/her family. using accurate vocabulary and pronunciation. ■ Questions with do/does ■ Naming different family ties. 3.9 Describes someone’s mood with respect. - Do you live in Sonsonate? ■ Exchanging information about 3.10 Accurately pronounces the phonemes /s/, /z/, family members. and /ez/ of the genitive case. e - What does your father do? ■ Telling someone’s age, language 3.11 Correctly incorporates the auxiliary do/does in ■ Subject pronouns: all forms negative and interrogative statements. and nationality. - He is my best friend. 3.12 Scans basic vocabulary of family ties from a short ■ Describing physical traits of family - They are my grandparents. members. written paragraph without mistakes. ■ Genitive case: ´s ■ Describing people’s mood. 3.13 Reads a list of most common adjectives describing people’s mood with correct - My aunt’s nationality is ■ Pronouncing the phonemes /s/, pronunciation. Honduran. /z/, and /ez/ of the genitive e case. 3.14 Reads his/her classmate’s descriptions of physical - What’s your friend’s age? appearance at a sentence level. Vocabulary: ■ Incorporating the auxiliary do/ does in negative and interrogative 3.15 Draws a family tree and writes a textual ■ Mother, father, sister, brother, transcription of the ties without mistakes. cousins, aunt, uncle, grandfather, statements. grandmother, teacher, student, Reading 3.16 Writes a list of the 7 most important family secretary, accountant, doctor, members. nurse, lawyer, police officer, ■ Scanning vocabulary of family ties. 3.17 Writes a short paragraph about physical carpenter, plumber, fire fighter, ■ Reading list of adjectives describing description of family members with no or few security guard, homemaker, people’s mood. grammatical mistakes. Salvadoran, Canadian, ■ Reading and recognizing Mexican, Guatemalan, 3.18 Avoids using pejorative language to describe descriptions of physical someone’s physical appearance in oral and Honduran, Nicaraguan, Costa appearance. Rican, North American , happy, written texts. sad, angry, quiet, shy, outgoing, Writing polite, impolite, tall, short, thin, chubby, good looking, ugly. ■ Drawing a family tree. Useful Expressions: ■ Listing family members. ■ What’s your nationality? How old are you? I’m ….years old. What ■ Writing about physical traits. are you like? What’s he/she like? Tell me about…How many ■ Writing an e-mail describing people are there in your family? oneself and others. 25 English syllabus for seventh grade