IT Infrastructure Through The Public Network Challenges And Solutions

IT Infrastructure Through the Public Network: Challenges & Solutions

$ whoami Martin Jackson – Uncommon Sense Consulting Working in the IT Field since 1993 Linux and Virtualization Consultant specialising in automated build and deployment of virtual infrastructures Infrastructure as Code Hacker DevOps Advocate Keen Judoka @actionjack on Twitter martin@uncommonsense-uk.com

$ cat /infrastructure/info Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing

$ whatisiaas Outsourced Hardware Outsourced Operating system Outsourced Network Self Managed Typically available in Minutes Pay per play

$ info security How do you protect your data in an infrastructure that you do not own or control?

$ cat security/access Protect your API keys and Use complex passwords Cyber-Ark Enterprise Vault Manage Engine Password Manager Pro KeePass APG and GPG

$ cat security/access Keep your systems patched (religiously) Yum Red Hat Network Microsoft Update Network ShavlikNetChk Protect Apt

$ cat security/access Limit access to least privilege Only create accounts for those who “need” them Create separate accounts per device Do not allow direct access via privileged user accounts e.g. Administrator or Root Use audited privilege elevation e.g. sudo, rootsh, sudosh, runas, shellrunas Only use encrypted login mechanisms e.g. ssh, ssl certificates

$ cat security/access Aggregate and monitor all login attempts Splunk Logstash Graylog2 GFI Events Manager

$ cat security/data Encrypt your sensitive data before you place it into the cloud PGP, GPG Keep it encrypted while in the cloud TrueCrypt, LUKS Ensure encryption is maintained if data needs to be transmitted elsewhere SCP, SSL, VPN, SSH

$ cat security/network If you need Secure Intra IaaS communication SSL Auth CohesiveFT’s VPN-Cubed OpenVPN Amazon Virtual Private Cloud

$ whatis outage Unplanned unavailability of a service "...in the cloud, you control your SLA..." George Reese, founder enStratus Networks LLC

$ whatis outage “large-scale, essentially self-managed and commoditised infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) has price benefits but, if things go wrong, they do so in a big way” Dr Aydin Kurt-Elli, Lumison

$ whatis outage Vendor: TerremarkOutage Date: March 17, 2010Outage Duration: 7 hoursReason for Outage:Terremark'svCloud Express services suffered an outage after a bout of connectivity loss in its Miami data center. T he outage resulted in intermittent periods of connectivity with high data packet loss starting at 11:54 a.m. eastern and lasting more than seven hours, ending at 7:05 p.m. eastern time. According to Apparent Networks' Cloud Performance Center, during the outage access to systems in Terremark's Miami data center was severely degraded and often unavailable, affecting many businesses using Terremark'svCloud Express services.Severity: Medium http://www.crn.com/slide-shows/applications-os/225701829/10-biggest-cloud-outages-of-2010-so-far.htm;jsessionid=o+AywGYF+Mv5w3ZoWChIbQ**.ecappj01?pgno=5

$ whatis outage Vendor:Rackspace Outage Date:2011-02-01 Outage Duration:30 minutes Reason for Outage:DNS Issue Causes MySQL Server Outage.An unspecified DNS issue prevented users from connecting to MySQL and making external API calls. Rackspace resolved the issue and advised their users to refresh their browsers to view the site properly. Severity:Low http://outagecenter.com/rackspace-cloud-reports/cloud-sites-dfw1-wc2-degraded-2/

$ whatis outage Vendor:Rackspace Outage Date:April 28,2011 Outage Duration:6 hours Reason for Outage:At approximately 4:00 PM (CDT) customers began to experience connectivity issues related to Domain Name System (DNS) on Jungle Disk/Cloud Drive.The issue was identified to be an error with hostname translations on a single DNS server. This server was returning erroneous DNS information.an emergency maintenance to change the DNS configuration was performed In order to mitigate the issue. Severity: Medium

$ whatis outage Vendor: Amazon Web ServiceOutage Date: April 21, 2011Outage Duration: UnknownReason for Outage:Amazon began reporting trouble on its Service Health Dashboard about 5 a.m. Eastern today. At 5:16 a.m., the site reported connectivity issues that were affecting its Relational Database Service, which is used to manage a relational database in the cloud, across multiple zones in the eastern U.S. A networking event early this morning triggered a large amount of re-mirroring of EBS volumes in US-EAST-1.The re-mirroring created a shortage of capacity in one of the US-EAST-1 Availability Zones, which impacted new EBS volume creation as well as the pace with which we could re-mirror and recover affected EBS volumes. Amazon also reported problems with its EC2, or Elastic Compute Cloud, a service that provides pay-as-you-go compute capacity in the cloud. The company also reported issues with its EBS, or Elastic Block Storage, which is storage related to the EC2 service. Severity: High http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9216064/Amazon_gets_black_eye_from_cloud_outage

$ whatis outage Vendor: Amazon Web ServiceOutage Date: August 08, 2011Outage Duration: 30 MinutesReason for Outage: The issue happened in the networks that connect the Availability Zones to the internet. The event began when a southern router inside one of Availability Zones briefly stopped exchanging route information with all adjacent devices, going into an incommunicative state. Upon re-establishing its health, the router began advertising an unusable route to other southern routers in other Availability Zones, deviating from its configuration and bypassing the standard protocol restriction on how routes are allowed to flow. The bad default internet route was picked up and used by the routers in other Availability Zones. Internet traffic from multiple Availability Zones in US East was immediately not routable out to the internet through the border. The issue was resolved by removing the router from service.Severity:Medium http://outagecenter.com/category/amazon-web-services-reports/amazon-elastic-compute-cloud-ec2-north-virginia/

$ whatis outage Failure is the new black, expect it and embrace it Design for failure and build your infrastructures to be redundant on 5 different levels Physical Virtual resource Availability zone Region Cloud

$ find standard Cloud standards and Interoperability To be honest they don’t exist yet… http://www.infoq.com/articles/problem-with-cloud-computing-standardization

$ cat standard/api Many different clouds… Many ways to interact with them… All do the same sort thing… Let abstract them Deltacloud Libcloud Jclouds

$ cat standard/api/deltacloud http://incubator.apache.org/deltacloud/ Ruby client require 'deltacloud' api_url= 'http://localhost:3001/api' api_name= 'mockuser' api_password= 'mockpassword' client = DeltaCloud.new( api_name, api_password, api_url ) http://www.infoq.com/articles/problem-with-cloud-computing-standardization

$ cat standard/api/libcloud http://libcloud.apache.org/ Python client from libcloud.compute.types import Provider from libcloud.compute.providers import get_driver EC2_ACCESS_ID = 'your access id' EC2_SECRET_KEY = 'your secret key' Driver = get_driver(Provider.EC2) conn = Driver(EC2_ACCESS_ID, EC2_SECRET_KEY) http://www.infoq.com/articles/problem-with-cloud-computing-standardization

$ cat standard/api/jclouds http://libcloud.apache.org/ Java client ComputeServiceContext context = new ComputeServiceContextFactory().createContext("aws-ec2", accesskeyid, secretkey, ImmutableSet.<Module> of(new Log4JLoggingModule(), new JschSshClientModule())); http://www.infoq.com/articles/problem-with-cloud-computing-standardization

#4 Challenge: Monitoring and Management

$ service monitor status Pay per play monitoring or fixed instance On premise or Off Ramping up and tearing down of instances Focus on Service monitoring vs host monitoring Monitoring tool must have an api

$ service monitor status Next Generation Cloud Monitoring Services Cloudkick - https://www.cloudkick.com Pingdom - http://www.pingdom.com Watchmouse - http://www.watchmouse.com Monitis– http://www.monitis.com

$ service management status Provision within minutes – Ready in Days??? If it takes 5 minutes to get a Virtual Machine How long are you willing to wait to use it? Data Center Automation Tools can help Puppet Chef CFEngine

$ cat management/puppet http://puppetlabs.com/ package { 'openssh-server': ensure => installed, }

$ cat management/chef http://www.opscode.com/ package "openssh-server" do action :install end

$ cat management/chef http://cfengine.com/ control: any:: actionsequence= ( packages ) DefaultPkgMgr= ( rpm ) RPMcommand= ( /bin/rpm ) RPMInstallCommand= ( "/usr/bin/yum -y install %s" ) packages: any:: openssh-server action=install

$ make governance The game has changed and you’ll need to change with it Conway's law applies: “...organizations which design systems ... are constrained to produce designs which are copies of the communication structures of these organizations.”

$ cat links http://www.accenture.com/us-en/outlook/Pages/outlook-online-2011-challenges-cloud-computing.aspx http://www.infoq.com/articles/problem-with-cloud-computing-standardization http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9217158/Cloud_interoperability_Problems_and_best_practices http://www.theaccidentalsuccessfulcio.com/cloud-computing/cio-cloud-computing-101-problems-with-clouds http://nylawblog.typepad.com/suigeneris/2009/11/does-cloudcomputing-compromise-clients.html http://horicky.blogspot.com/2009/08/multi-tenancy-in-cloud-computing.html http://www.cio.com/article/488478/The_Trouble_with_Cloud_Vendor_Lock_in http://www.agathongroup.com/blog/2010/04/cloud-computing-and-latency/

IT Infrastructure Through The Public Network Challenges And Solutions

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