1. KEF SPEAKER PROJECT
INDEX
-CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVES
PAGES 1-13
-PLAN OF ACTION AND CLARIFICATION OF PROBLEMS
PAGES 14-28
qa
-DEVELOPMENT OF DESIGN PROPOSAL
n
PAGES 28-67
-MANUFACTURE/MODELLING
PAGES
-CONCLUSIONS, EVALUATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Alasta
PAGES
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Cross
KEF
Alastair Cross KEF Insp
2. KEF BRAND DECODING
For KEF brand decoding i wanted to explore the context of KEF: about the company, the style of there products and various
details about the products they make for there target market. The next few pages will look in detail at various aspects of KEF.
HISTORY
KEF was founded in 1961 by Raymond cooke- its name originated from its headquarter located, called Kent
Engineering & foundry, hence the name. Raymond Cooke’s primary intention with KEF was to experiment with ‘new
materials and technologies’ and create a product to execute quality in sounds to appear like the original recordings.
Since their beginning they have become renowned for their high quality speakers.
STYLE
KEF’s signature design is seen as a very minimalistic and modern, sleek design. It uses high shine and sharp finishes
to accentuate its original design. In all of KEF’s flag ship designs the speakers can clearly be seen on the design with
many of them having a mostly black colour. A lot of their designs do not take great care in the balance and weight
distribution vertically, focussing souly on the aesthetics.
TARGET AUDIENCE
While looking at the KEF website and the service they give to costumers, its clear to say that the typical person using
and buying this type of product would have a keen interest and would have prior knowledge of speakers itself, this is
due to the technical language used, pricing and some of the equipment that is being spoken about. The target
audience for most of these products would be a very sophisticated man/ woman with a keep interested in music.
Alastair Cross KEF
3. KEF BRAND DECODING
PRICING
KEF’s products can range from a variety of products that they have, some cheaper products that they sell are from
around £2-5 hundred pounds to buy fully, however there are medium and upper priced ones also. medium priced
speakers growing in size, quality and style can go from a few thousand to a lot more this is depending on the stature
and reputation. Finally the highest priced speakers, mostly consisting of the flag ship designs can be in the hundred
thousands, with the KEF muon (image above) will go for roughly £200,000 as its reputation as one is the great style
icons makes it one of the best.
MATERIALS
KEF only use the finest and most innovative materials for their products materials such as: ‘ACE’ (Acoustic Compliance
Enhancement)- which is a self KEF made product which can be placed into a smaller bass cabinet, which would give
the sound a normal speaker would give in twice the size of one with ACE.
THE LOGO
KEF’s logo is a very original one, which has a very special and individual look to it. The design has continued to be
changed, developed and improved throughout its 50 year life span. Its evolution through a simpler coloured design has
changed into something more sophisticated and more representative of what the company produces today. Throughout
the use of the logo, the speaker symbol before ‘KEF’ has stayed constant throughout its history giving it history and
almost keeping the name KEF meaning and substance in the modern era.
TYPES OF PRODUCTS
KEF mainly deal with the creation of high quality load speakers with sub sections of: Hifi-speakers, home theatre
speakers, custom speakers with many environmental sections to place these different designs some of these locations
include: standing, on-wall, outdoor, commercial etc.
Alastair Cross KEF
4. KEF BRAND DECODING
HOW TO USE THE PRODUCTS
KEF designs are usually kept very simple with most of the space needed for the quality of the sounds and the design
structure, however they have come up with various idea to help the functionality and the accessibility. The use of: wireless
technology, outdoor usage and in-ceiling feature have all been achieved with KEF, but with all of these modifications and
new models ‘pure sound‘ is still their main focus.
WHERE KEF IS SOLD
KEF is now an international company operating in many countries across the world, however it is not a mass production
company with hundreds of stores, it operates with minimal stores in each country, mostly keeping to one or two. KEF can
be found in places such as: Australia, Canada, Germany, Hong Kong, Netherlands and obviously many more including
england.
TECHNOLOGY
Again KEF only use the best of the best of all things, and this is no different to its technology. Its constant development of
parts of designs is amazing, with each part there is something to better something to improve and head towards perfection
of sound. Its technological features include things such as: Low profile driver-which works with shallower designs, wireless
systems which are completely different to ordinary designs and even advances in where you can place you speakers and
dock them safely when playing music.
PRODUCTION
when creating such design spectacles as the muon there is a lot of thought that is need to create such things- in terms of
this model it would be created in a similar way to vacuum forming but using aluminium. this would be a largely hand made
process with the use of high precision equipment.
COMPLICATIONS
When talking about KEF i do not understand the technical side or the manufacture of the product, i will have a look at this and
develop it by looking at similar products and disassembling then and seeing how joining and other manufacturing steps are done
well.
Alastair Cross KEF
5. KEF BRAND DECODING
FUNCTION
KEF products have functions such as: sound production, wireless usage, aesthetic pedigree but not much in terms of everyday
helpful functions, although it can be said to be not an everyday appliance seen everywhere.
REPUTATION
KEF has an international pedigree which has made it renowned for its creative and inspiring designs and has built up a lot of
reputation and so, many awards for this contribution. some of the awards that have been won by KEF include: ‘Most innovative
brand 2011’ (image above) and ‘Best of the Best 2012’. These impressive awards won by KEF show the creativity that has been
put into every model they create, with something new in every one the deign whether it may be with aesthetics, function or
features.
PERSONAL VIEW
In terms of the company as a whole it has created very interesting and evolutionary designs which will stay in history as one of the
best in audio design, however from all of these creations there are none which stand out on a room of other extremely high end,
well design piece's. To improve this i plan to create something even more special than the designs created already and something
that will aesthetically will take someone’s breath away. As for the sound and music quality clearly the company have got the right
formula for creating superb speakers and this will not be my greatest worry.
COMPLICATIONS
When talking about KEF i do not understand the technical side or the manufacture of the product, i will have a look at this and
develop it by looking at similar products and disassembling then and seeing how joining and other manufacturing steps are done
well.
WHAT I HAVE LEARNT- From the last pages i have leant that KEF is a very innovative company and has
pioneered in many developments and have been noticed throughout the world and has got a lot of
recognition from that. From this stage i will start to look in more detail at the actual technology used in
KEF speakers and how that will relate to my design when i make it. For KEF speakers i do like the
innovative technological advances inside the speakers however the style and design is hardly breathtaking
and could become something special if the style and design of KEF speakers meets the technology that is
used in all of their products.
Alastair Cross KEF
6. TASK ANALYSIS
For the product i will be designing and manufacturing, there are many things to think about when i will create my product, some of these include:
Number of speakers- the amount that are included in the design will affect many things like the aesthetics and power/ loudness of the speakers- KEF
designs usually use less, higher quality speakers.
Safety- tripping hazards must be kept minimal, and durable to support wear from controls, must be solid with no smaller parts or sharp edges.
Sizes- the design can range from a variety of sizes to within 300mm to 2 meters high, its must be space efficient though and be able to fit into environments
like living room and bedrooms.
Materials- materials like: aluminium, steel, pine, elastomers, acrylic and other thermoplastics can be used throughout the design.
Function- it must have a power source, able to turn on or off, play music in high quality and must be able to pick music freely.
Aesthetics- it should be either: sleek, well finished, pleasing to the eye at all angles, suitable for the environments it may be placed with the target audience.
How strong are the speakers- speaker must perform in many environments and so much be strong enough to hear in many locations around the area-
they can range from a few hundred up to thousand watts in terms of performance.
Longevity- the product should last for 3-10 years maximum if kept in good condition- if durable to wear then smaller parts should last longer. The larger parts
such as the shell should be the strongest to keep parts inside lasting for long periods of time.
Types of speakers- speakers can come on many forms- headphones, docking stations, high-fi speakers, theatre systems and wireless
Manufacture- The product can be made in many ways depending on the products that are used- for metal speakers forming such as forging, plastic can be
done with forming process and so on....
Technology- It can be made using various special materials and technology to improve the overall style, shape or function of the product. This could help
with the space economy of the product(fitting more into a smaller space) and many other important aspects of speakers
User interaction- people can interact with speakers in different ways some include: manual switches, wireless remote, remote sensors, thermochromatic
sensors, infrared sensors, and touch screen monitors
Environment- A speaker can be placed: on the wall, on ceilings, stand alone, surround sound, outdoor, motorised, or hidden- these would depend of the
environment and how the layout of the room would allow.
Prices- It can be low, medium or high priced depending on the materials and labour usage- low priced would generally be smaller sized and a worse sound
quality, however it would appeal to a larger scale audience. Medium priced would have more around the high hundreds maybe around the thousand in terms
of price and high would be for the very rich in the many thousand and more.... these wouldn't sell so much but may give a greater profit.
Power source- It can be main power operated using traditional power method however this does cause a tripping hazard and must be looked at carefully, it
can also be powered by batteries and recently made touch sensitive chargers which would be good for speakers being constantly moved throughout and
environment.
Future products- A product can be changed and developed for the better, improving certain aspects and making it better overall. future products will include
many new features and aspects as a lot of this can be down to the location in the world as places have much higher technology in places like Japan the US,
these places would create something faster than other places in the world.
What i have learned- In task analysis i have learned that i can use many different methods, materials and other ways to create my
design in the KEF style. I can change many things to encompass all of the brief and specifications throughout my design. From the task
analysis i will further onto the technology and what make KEF speakers, and their identity itself.
Alastair Cross KEF
7. AUDIO PRODUCT DECODING
On the next few pages i will be breaking down KEF products and see how they operate inside the box. These will include the technology they use in
their systems and how it works to improve their products. i will be looking at 4 products such as the: muon, R series, XQ series and the LS50- all
of these designs contain different technology which makes them perfect for their uses and environment.
Speakers operate mainly using fixed
magnets, electromagnets and
sending electrical currents through
the electromagnet to produce
vibrations which is sound. In the
muon (left) acoustic technology is
used to create crystal clear sound
through its flag ship design. This
design uses a powerful four way
speaker system to produce this
sound, technologies like ACE(a type
of charcoal which uses air pickets
amplifying the sounds throughout the
environment) and Uni-Q are also
used in this design.
In the R series(right), Uni-Q is used. Uni-Q is a driver placed inside the
speaker (In between the tweeter and the mid-range cone) where the source of
the sound is spread out more evenly throughout the environment so the sound
can be enjoyed from all areas.
Alastair Cross KEF
8. AUDIO PRODUCT DECODING
The XQ series(left) uses a technology called ‘Aluminium done tweeter’ this type
of ‘wave guard’ softens and smoothens the higher frequency waves from the
speakers- as well as preventing stray ‘fingers‘ produced within the speakers.
The XQ also uses smart connect which controls the output from the input of the
speakers making better sound overall. The XQ has a lot of different models
however a lot of the technology is replicated throughout the range.
With the LS50(right), it uses two main technologies which make
it perfect for a compact, high quality speaker in studio quality
sound. The first one being UNI-Q and the new ones being:
Finite Element Analysis and Computational Fluid
Dynamics(sound testing and movement). These processes
used in the production of the LS50, gives immeasurable studio
quality within a very small space.
WHAT I HAVE LEARNT- On the last few pages i have learned how KEF speakers work technically. I
have learned the components and the technology that they use to make their products special. From
here i will look on to make my own product through a brief and research and develop my idea through
KEF.
Alastair Cross KEF
9. PRODUCT BRIEF
For the brief of my product i plan to design something the embodies the style of KEF however
encompasses different aspects to the design such a sculptures. I also plan for my design to
be extremely aesthetically pleasing to eye and something that should wow people and attract
them to the design but also have an specific functionality to the design. My product will include
a variety of materials including woods, plastics and maybe some composites as well. while
being inspired my KEF i want my design to also be looked at a perspective of architect
sculpting using shapes and lines to accentuate the design itself, and almost a work of art with
can be admired by people who see it. From my project i plan to achieve a working model
manufactured in the proper way that includes inspiration and style from KEF and architecture.
WHAT I HAVE LEARNT- I have learned the very brief outline of the design i will be creating. It gives
me a starting point to think about the design i will use in the future whether it be headphones, standing,
wall, ceiling..... From here on i can look more clearly and focus on what i want create this is where
research and furthering my knowledge on speakers will come in.
Alastair Cross KEF
10. INITIAL SPECIFICATION (ACCESSFM)
In initial specification this is where i look more finely tuned into the design/ product i will be making, this include the aesthetics, cost, costumer, environment, size,
safety, function and material and these will be described in more detail on this page:
Aesthetics
When designing my speaker the aesthetics will be modern and fit the profile of KEF, it will be smooth and incorporate different materials
giving it texture and character in the environment where it must be placed. The use of composite and smart materials interests me
(i.e.carbon fibre) to fit in with the design of KEF and creating a sculpture style product.
Cost
Due to KEF’s reputation and extensive collection of pricy products, my design will also be a high priced design. The materials, joinings and
overall cost of making the design will be of extreme quality- this is due to the clients that buy KEF speakers.
Costumer
The main users of my product (continued on page 11) will be a sophisticated character, male or female, very interested in functional artistic
art and can be placed anywhere in their specified environment. My user can be of any range as long as the interest of music and art is
apparent, and can afford the highly priced product.
Environment
My design will be placed in a very minimalist and modern home environment which can be distinguished wherever it is placed in that
environment whether it would be on the wall, ceiling or stand on its own
Size
In terms of the product, the design can be any type of size due to the amount of free space in the modernist environment, however i do not
plan for my design to be as big as a design as the KEF Muon. It is to be big enough to capacitate the speakers and be recognised in the
environment as a stylish piece of gear, that is the only specification for size.
Safety
For speakers, safety must be taken in the electrical and heat insulation of the product, to make sure the user does not get burned or get an
electrical shock. Care must also be taken in: tripping hazards, the products durability to stay together and being stable. my product will
have none of these so it can form to the environment and become one with it.
Function
There can be many functions and features for speakers however my design should be mainly aesthetically pleasing and functional in terms
of the sound that will be produced. I may include some small smart features such as touch sensitive, but nothing to change the style of the
design
Materials
I will use materials mostly including plastics and wood, however to make my design unique i might use some smart materials such as
carbon fibre....
WHAT I HAVE LEARNT- I may want to experiment with these materials before i decide whether i will want to use them
or not , but from here i can see the various options i can have when i want to create a speaker. From here i will look at
more areas of the speaker market.
Alastair Cross KEF
11. DEFINE TAGET MARKET
KEF has a specific target market which it aims to attract their costumers to all of there designs that they make, on this page i plan to
describe the typical market that KEF make their products for.
To begin with, the typical costumer of KEF would be a highly tuned enthusiast of the use and sound of speakers itself,
the design, technology, aesthetics would all interest this person. The sophisticated style of the user would have many
designs and products in their own home of KEF designs or similar. This in tern would make then a high earner, much
above the typical person wages, this can be seen through the Muon which cost around £200,000. However there are a
few other cheaper designs so lower earners are not completely left out in the KEF thought.
This type of person would be living spaciously in a modernism environment, using a lot of there own money on things
such as cars, art work and expensive decor for their environment. The typical age range of a KEF buyer/enthusiast
would be between 20-60, this is an incredibly wide range of ages however its style is age-less and admired by many
people due to their sweeping designs and innovative technology and this would be attractive to many people, male or
female.
Some jobs that would be occupied by the type of people who buy KEF speakers would include: Architects, graphic
designers, Product designers and other creative-like jobs.
This type of person would buy and use only the best of all types of products- such a grooming, clothing, technical and
other areas of their life.
Alastair Cross KEF
12. LINKSFX
For LINKSFX we can look at the various parts of a design and how i will be putting it to my design. The next few pages will help me to further
pin point various things about my design, some examples of this would be: needs of the users, keeping/ scrapping, function against aesthetics and what
will make my design stand out and be special compared to all of the speakers on the market at the moment.
Logical and Illogical
Speakers have many logical uses in their specified environment while being used correctly, most notably would be the
ability to play music as it is the fundamental thing that makes a speaker. Another local example could be the use in
television, amps and phones: using speakers for these products are a common thing at the current time and many people
do this from various ages in many places. Another use would be its ‘portability’ which would allow someone to move
around their design without having to do a lot of work or effort. One more final key point of speakers in a logical sense
would be the idea to create an environment whenever the music is played out loud, whatever the music may be, this can
depend on the design and the speaker quality.
Speakers can be used in the way thy are not specified this can be due to their shape, size and where it is placed in an
environment. In a modern environment space is a precious commodity and with speaker such a the muon which is
incredibly large and this is not the function of a speaker to take up space this can also be linked to having lots of different
speakers for lots of different things (TV, music, instruments, phones, iPods), however the modern age is to buy a speaker
for everything and this is both wasteful and inefficient in space. In some cases aesthetics is a illogical feature as it doesn't
effect the sound and so shouldn't be important in a design.... however in real life situations aesthetics are incredibly
important and can sell a product purely down to its looks. The use of a speaker being heavy compared to its sounds
loudness or quality is illogical as it has to be moved or placed in other places in its life span and if it is too much effort to
move it is not good for the user. A most notable illogical use would be its use as storage or seating due to the general
shapes and sizes of designs (square and knee height respectively).
Needs
A speaker has to have a power supply to its unit, this is to give energy to the product which is key. Another few needs a
speaker has to have is safe in normal use, stability and durable materials: these are needed due to KEF as their products
are such high quality and their technology are superior to many others. they should give the base of a great design. For
my design i plan for it to be held on a wall using a sophisticated method, aesthetically pleasing and to be easily worked to
be turned on and off.
Alastair Cross KEF
13. LINKSFX
Keep/Scrap
Many products just like KEF have very good ideas to use on their design, such ideas would be volume change and
volume display, although a small feature it is very useful and functional and can be disguised in many ways..... Another
part of designs i would like to keep would be the modernistic style of KEF as a very simple, clean and minimalistic.
Designs like KEF often show of the speaker and nothing else on the design, i would like to keep this for my design
keeping it simple and effective.
For most typical designed speakers the shape is usually mostly square or rectangular, this i want to scrap on my design
as the limitations on the aesthetics are high and is not in the right styling as KEF. A tacky feel/ texture is always a problem
on a lot of speakers as the main material is usually polymer plastics which usually if they are not finished well can feel
cheap, i want to get rid of this aspect and if i am to use plastics they should be well finished using different processes.
Form VS Function
Creating a design of speaker that is pretty and very functional can be done, this can be seen in ‘Bose’ and other
speakers, however these are usually very expensive and sometimes not the pinnacle of aesthetics and can sometimes be
undermined by the technology of the speakers. Of course people want speakers for the quality of the sounds however a
lot of the time people will buy speakers because of the style, due to this i want to incorporate both very well to my design.
X-Factor
For my design to be special compared to the many other different types of speakers available right now it can have:
extremely creative aesthetics which would just simply draw in people to the style and shape of the design (eye catching),
the ability to give the design possibly the versatility in an environment (rather than having a speaker in every room) and
finally the possibility of the design to produce light and illuminate the room, this would give a logical use by creating an
environment itself.
WHAT I HAVE LEARNT- From the last few pages using LINKSFX i have learned that i can do many things to make my
design better than many others on the market this could be with keeping the good parts and loosing the bad, looking at
what a speaker should and shouldn’t do, what it needs, what is more important aesthetics or functions. From this point
onwards i will need to research many things such as: primary research, product disassembled, mood board and many
many more......
Alastair Cross KEF
15. Research Plan
Primary Secondary
Person and Product interaction Accessfm of secondary products
It is important to know how people will use a product like mine and For this piece of research i want to look in detail at a speaker that
how my product will work around other people. I will look at how is similar to what my design will be, and that i wont be able to see
people: touch carry, hold, change the volume on various products first hand. In this section it should help me understand what has
and see how i can model my design to make it work with people. made that design so good in it specific specification, and then from
This can be linked to ergonomics and how people hold it use a here i can apply some of their techniques into my own design to
product and i will look at this in a very detailed way make it better
Science of speakers
Product disassembled
When thinking about speakers, it is important to know what
In this section i will look at different types of speakers similar to my
happens with things such as the sound waves and reflections of
design and i will break it up into sections to see how it works. Each
walls and how they interact around an environment. For example
component that i will break down, i will look at things such as
where you place a speaker in a room to make sure that you are
power source, fixings, where the speakers and other parts are
getting the highest quality sound and least interference to make
placed on the design to benefit the user. Using pictures to look at
sure that the costumer is getting the best experience with the
each part,
Environmental snapshot speakers
From here i will take a picture of the environment that my design Cultural research
will either be sold or kept, it should represent the style and the For this section it is important to know the different ways that
design movement. Also for this section i plan to annotate the different cultures use speakers in their environment, and then i can
picture analysing every aspect of where the design is kept, this use this to mould my design around. For example people in the UK
may also be helpful in the understanding of my costumer and what usually tend to have earphones or headphone to listen to their
they are like. I will do this by using using a 360 panoramic view of music, however in foreign places this may be totally different
the environment, this should help people understand my view on Mood board
the situation and style of my design better. I may use more than For my mood board i will be gathering many images that will
one imagine of the environment in a different view just to get a inspire my design, in terms of many things these may include:
better idea of what I'm looking at. shape, colour, style, design movement, size, environment and
Questionnaire many more.....
A questionnaire is done by compiling a group of questions and Market research
asking it to my target audience that i will sell my product to. I will When researching my own market for my design i need to know
ask about 12-14 questions which will help me understand what everything from: where products are sold mainly, who are KEF’s
people want from a speaker, this my be aesthetics, functions or main rivals(style/ cost), who will use the product, who will
features that they want included. It will also give me a idea of what understand it’s concept, how will people know about my design,
people thing about the basic ideas of my design, for example what price ranges and who can afford it and even things such as the
will make my design special compared to all the other different production scale and how many will be created
types.....
Alastair Cross KEF Inspired
16. ACCESSFM of Secondary Product
In this ACCESSFM of a product that i cannot get hold of, i will be breaking down a product into part and analysing it, these include the aesthetics, cost, costumer, environment, size, safety, function and material and these will be described
in more detail on this page. From this page i hope to know more about higher end speakers in different aspects.
Aesthetics
This design has a modernist design with a colour flair added to the design, it uses the colours: red, silver and black which work well together and its aesthetics should work well in a typical modern
environment. It usage of these different colours make the design stand out from the rest of the other typical black or silver speakers.
Cost
This speaker can be found for around £20-30, although the availably of the product is limited as many people are buying this stylish design due to price as well as the looks. Due to the fact this speaker only
uses a 5 watt power system this keeps the price lower and able for lower income costumers to but such a design.
Costumer
This design should be bought for budget modern costumers. The design which looks very advanced can be bought for a good price, which for some is very important to people especially in this economic
downturn. The costumer should be sophisticated and fairly knowledgable about Blox as it has many other great designs on show.
Environment
This type of design should be placed typically backed onto a wall or a shelf where the shape of this design can be admired as almost an extension of the room even with the creative colours and angular looks.
Size
The design is 204mm (L) x 85mm (W) x 210mm (H), making it a perfect size for any table design. The height of around 20cm makes it easy to look over, on a reasonably sized table and this in tern means it
can be placed in many other locations around the environment depending of what the costumer would like.
Safety
The low centre of gravity allows this design to be safe in many locations and also its colour features makes it so that you would rarely not, see the design to trip and injure the user of the speaker.
Function
Some key features of design include:
• Stereo 2.0 (Computer) Speaker set
• Plug and Play, no software required
• Enhanced 2x 5W RMS full range driver (3”) for optimal clarity and powerful distortion free sound
• 3.5mm stereo audio-in connection for connection with a computer or other auxiliary audio devices such as an iPod or Disc-man. • Advanced treble and bass control allow easy equaliser tuning for optimal
sound quality
• Treble and bass are controlled by vertical adjustment of the speaker positions.
• USB powered with detachable USB Power Cable, no adapter required
• Magnetically shielded against High Frequency (mobile phone) interference
Materials
This material used in this design would include basic coloured plastics, some metal exterior parts and slight elastomers for the grips and base. The materials on the design are not the main focus, this is down
to good sound and a great aesthetic look. Unlike my design which should include some aspects of good quality materials.
WHAT I HAVE LEARNT- I found from my ACCESSFM that i need to look at Person/ product interaction as i need to
find out how my user should use these different aspects of the design in an ordinary environment and how they act
around them psychologically. From this page i will take on board about the materials used so that i can replicate this into
my own design.
Alastair Cross http://www.boynq.com/promo/pdfdetails/boynq-Black&White-Blox-p.pdf KEF
17. Person & Product Interaction
QuickTime™ and a
H.264 decompressor
In this Section i will be recording someone using and/or looking at speakers and art work, From this section i plan to learn a lot more about how people perceive and react about a speaker,
are needed to see this picture.
also to see what they touch, look at and interact with on a design and on a particular piece of artwork.This should help me mould my design to make it more ergonomic when people want
to interact with my design, in a speaker aspect and a art perspective.
1
1. In this Video i show someone interacting with a Bose speaker. To begin with the person first interacts and assesses the options he can look at and interact
with. From here once the person has been attracted to a design, he looks at the shape and the functions he does this by turning the design and looking at
different angles, and also pushing the various buttons to see what the speaker sounds like and what it can do. Once that is done, people generally look at the
details of the design by looking at the specifications of the design, things such as: power, cost, technology, accessories. For the design that was looked at, the
design was well made with high quality materials and simple yet effective controls for the sound and display. There is a green lit display which shows what is
playing, and this would help with the functionality, the design also has a low centre of gravity so that it will not fall over, plus its very modern and sleek looks will
attract people to the design.
2. Here, i am looking at people interacting with artwork as my design is also inspired by sculptured art/architecture. To begin with someone usually looks at all
the art around them and approaches what catches their eye, if they can, people will touch to check the texture and quality. From here someone can do a variety
of things, this may include: stepping back to look at a different angle, check other factors of the product like weight, cost etc. QuickTime™ and a
H.264 decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
WHAT I HAVE LEARNT- For this section i have learned a lot about how
people react about different products and art. People like things that look good,
are a good brand and are unique. My product should include most if not all of
these factors. As i have learned a lot more about how people use products, i want
to look in more detail about how different people use products in different ways 2
depending on where they come from, this should be useful to find out who my
user will be
Alastair Cross KEF Inspired
18. Cultural research
UK (London) Speaker culture UK (rural) speaker culture
Constant
Loud music use of music
from cars in
louder music Relax
Music when
ing environment
played in
In this part of my research i am looking how different people at bored
from different environments around the UKPlaying music
headphones
will use Audio home Playing music
liste
products and how they will use it differentlywhile on the
to other people. I ning in garden with
way to Work to family
Music played
hope to learn how i can use all the different ways people use
music Speakers in
Audio products and apply them to my design as my user may come
publicly Playin every room
from any of these environments. Played at g
Quieter
music
events/ out music
Const
exhibitions Using
Listeni
To show this information i have used this connecting loud
at
ant (ambience)
music
venn diagram to show what places do whatng their with headphone
home
playe
s All
while
speakers. To find this information i have called up listenin d
ages
g in
people living in rural and coastal environment and
working groups listenin
g to
asked them what they do, while i have written what i do to music
music
in London (my urban) environment.
Creating calm/fun
environments along
the sea music out
Playing
loud on
phones/iPods
WHAT I HAVE LEARNT- For this section i have learned a loud Arcade/
lot about how people react about different products and club music
listening
art. People like things that look good, are a good brand and while laying
are unique. My product should include most if not all of
on the beach
these factors. As i have learned a lot more about how
people use products, i want to look in more detail about (relaxing)
UK (coastal) culture
how different people use products in different ways
depending on where they come from, this should be useful
to find out who my user will be
Alastair Cross KEF Inspired
19. Science of speakers
Important +
Sound
In this section i hope to learn a bit more about how sound vibrations from a speaker react around different things in an environment. my results that i have
learned will show to the right. distortion
through
Reflection of sound waves.....
Sound materials
Import
When sound reflects off a special curved surface called a parabola, sound waves will bounce out in a straight line no matter where it hits.
clarity
Many music arenas are designed as parabolas so the sound will go directly into the audience, instead of bouncing around on stage. If the
ant Science
parabola is closed off by another curved surface, it is called an ellipse. Sound will travel from one area to the other, no matter where it
through the
strikes a wall.
Reflection is responsible for many interesting features on a room. Echoes are the sound of your own voice reflecting back to your ears, this
sound you hear ringing in an auditorium after the band has stopped playing is caused by reflection off the walls and other objects. A sound
environme
wave will continue to bounce around a room, or reverberate, until it has lost all its energy. A wave has some of its energy absorbed by the
objects it hits. The rest is lost as heat energy across the room.
features
Absorption of sound waves.... nt
Everything, absorbs sound, one example of air absorbing sound waves happens during a thunderstorm. When you are very close to a
storm, you hear thunder as a sharp crack. When the storm is farther away, you hear a low rumble instead. This is because air absorbs high
Sound
frequencies more easily than low. The best absorptive material is full of holes that sound waves can bounce around in and lose energy.
difference
The energy lost as heat is too small to be felt, however it can be detected by scientific instruments.
from
How sound travels reaches every place in a room....
different
directions
Since sound travels in a straight path from where it originates from, how does it get around corners? You hear sound because of sound
diffraction. Diffraction uses the edges of a barrier as a secondary sound source that sends waves in a new direction. These secondary
waves overlap and interfere with each other and the original waves, making the sound less clear. Working together, diffraction and
reflection can send sounds to every part of a room.
How design Amount
shape of
effects speakers
sound
Important -/
Value to my design + Value to my
Valuable
to my design design -
WHAT I HAVE LEARNT- On this page i have learnt in a lot more detail about the science of how my speaker will react in
my specified modern environment. And since i have learned the science of the environment and sound waves, i will now
start to look at an environment where a speaker may be placed and analysed from there.
Alastair Cross KEF Inspired
20. Environmental snapshot
Here i have taken some pictures of speakers in a environment, from this page i should hope to know more about where in a room i will place my design, whether i
do or do not like the place where these speakers are placed.
The set of speakers i am using are a stand alone speaker, will and AC cable to power from the mains, it has a docking station which can
hold iPod and iPhones, it also shows a light when it is powered on. From the images the design is clearly placed on the floor, it causes
little problems with space due to the size and space it has around it, however this is where the positives end. The low nature of where the
speaker ids placed means that people have to bend over to control and active the speaker, it also has issues which the tripping hazard
caused by the wire on the floor. For the design i am creating i want it to be placed in the opposite place from this picture, so it is at chest
height and can be operated simply and quickly without the effort of bending down
WHAT I HAVE LEARNT- On tis page i have confirmed the place where i will be placing my design once i create it. This
environmental snapshot has shown me another flaw of using a speaker is stand alone and that has no height to the
product. I want to make my design convenient and useful to the user and not a burden if people want to listen to music
Alastair Cross KEF Inspired
21. Questionnaire INTERVIEW
AUDIO
QuickTime™ and a
H.264 decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
1) How often do you use For my speaker design i plan to ask about 20 people around shops that should sell my design, this includes places such as
speakers? speaker shops around central London in various locations so i can get a broad range of peoples opinions. From this page i hope
2) How frequently do you move to learn a lot about the people who i will sell my product to and what they like/dislike in a design.
around your speaker?
3) Are you looking for something
different in terms of a speaker?
4) Do you think simple minimalist
speakers are still the best on the
market?
5) Have you ever been stunned or
been in awe in front of a speaker,
style wise?
6) What do you mostly look for in
a speaker?
7) (For people who like art) would
a artistic sculpture style speaker
ever attract you to a design?
8) When do you mostly use a
speaker?
9) Where do you usually put your
speakers?
10) Where specifically in the room
do you have speakers?
11) (If living in a modern
environment) Do you have
problems with space and places
to put larger speakers?
12) Who is the leading brand in
modern speaker design in your
eyes?
WHAT I HAVE LEARNT- From doing a questionnaire on the product i will be making i have learned many things on what
people think about speakers in this day and age. I feel i cant add parts which will really attract people to the design, style
wise. It can be said that people are not particularly attracted or blown away by people and i think this is a route that i can
exploit. From here i will first analyse my results in more detail and then from there look in more detail about the market i
will be selling my product and comparing to my rival products
Alastair Cross KEF
22. Questionnaire Cont.
INTERVIEW QuickTime™ and a
AUDIO
H.264 decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
1) How often do you use speakers?
From the information i have found it can be clearly said that most people i asked in the interview used their speakers on a daily basis while the other minority of using it
weekly and monthly were much lower. Using these results i will have to make sure that my design is easy and quick to use for people who want to listen to music and also
have longevity so it can be used constantly over long periods of time without breaking or becoming warn, to do this i will make my design out of strong and durable materials
and make sure that the components are easy to use.
2) How frequently do you move around your speaker?
For my project i wanted to make my design special and have a feature that will wow people, and make the style have a versatility throughout the environment, most people
said when they use a speaker they usually always move it. From here my design plans to be easily moved, even if mu specification says it is to be a wall design.
3) Are you looking for something different in terms of a speaker?
Almost all of the people i asked in or around a speaker shop said they would like something new and fresh, this is a clear indication that people want some new and creative
to come out that will make people more interested, my product is planning to be more aesthetically pleasing, and from these results i can see am on the right track.
4) Do you think simple minimalist speakers are still the best on the market?
From the results i have gathered, there is not a complete decisive decision on this question meaning, i can still use a minimalist theme with a twist and with these results
people should like it.
5) Have you ever been stunned or been in awe in front of a speaker, style wise?
This is one of my most important questions as i want my design to have this feature in abundance, people do not see speakers as art for the most part, however i want to
change this by downing peoples eyes to my design, it does not have to be all bright colours and be completely crazy but to have that effect in a modern style design for the
best i can so it can blend in the rest of the environment.
6) What do you mostly look for in a speaker?
Obviously from the results there are three clear main points to a speaker which attract people most to the design. The sound quality is what makes most higher priced
speakers special and i want to do this by looking at the environment and seeing how the sound reacts to the walls and objects, for this i have already looked at sound
waves itself and that can be sorted when i am making my design, for the stye and price i must make sure that my materials are both cost efficient but also look good and if
these is a good balance then this should not be a problem for my costumers.
7) (For people who like art would a artistic sculpture style speaker ever attract you to a design?
There is a complete success in this question in terms of what i would want people to say, my design will be in a sculpture style and should attract people who like form and
function, my only concern is that a lot of people who do not like art may be put off, and so create quite a small niece market which i do not want.
8) When do you mostly use a speaker?
Most people who use a speaker generally use it while they are relaxing, this type of speaker usage would work well with the design i am making, as it can be moved around
the environment with relative ease. While the rest of the results are mostly spread i can tell that a particular minority like to use speakers for when they are bored and when
they use instruments, this tells me a lot about the type of person i plan to make my design for with them being quite creative but can also be bored if the conditions allow it.
9) Where do you usually put your speakers?
As expected most people put their speakers in the living room, as most people ill do this i will plan for my design to be able to fit into a living room and become a feature of
the room with the style of a sculpture.
10) Where specifically in the room do you have speakers?
Most people tend to put their speakers on a desk/table, this is not a particular surprise as most speakers on the market right now are mostly stand alone design which need
to be placed on a flat surface, and a desk is a perfect option. For my design i want people to put my design in all sorts of places for people to enjoy music, and so people do
not have to waste space on flat surfaces
11) (If living in a modern environment) Do you have problems with space and places to put larger speakers?
The majority of people who i asked said they did have problems with placing larger speakers in their homes, as i want my design to be placed in this type of environment i
will have to make it either space efficient or can be placed in different places in a home, from this question i have learned more about my user as well.
12) Who is the leading brand in modern speaker design in your eyes?
Out of all of the options Bose came out on top with this question, from here i will look in market research, to see what makes them so successful with so many people. i will
then use what makes them special and apply it to my design, so that in the future if my design is produced it should attract and entice many people to the style and flair.
Alastair Cross KEF
23. Market Research
on
From this page i hope to learn if my design will be placed into this market and if so + Aesthetics gn Ol
ivs
esi ng
&
how will be successful to my design. M yd Ba
If we look at how my design will be in terms of all the other Cr
eat
ive
Be
ats
speakers on the market, i can tell that a lot of other products Bo
se
h
ips
should be more technically advanced with KEF and bang&Olivson So
ny Kl
LG
leading the line. Ya
ma
ha
Ge
ar4
F
However for my style i plan for it to be far more aesthetically focus lym
pu
s KE
and very attractive to many people, this is the main focus on my O
3 Ap
ple
design, i will also have one part of my design which should nic
Lo
gic
Beat
bo
x
aso
separate all the other designs to mine. ni k
a P an
g
ech sun
The people who will use my design (explained in previous pages) T
ad
Sam
W
he
will be sophisticated and have an interest in art and speakers, this hil
lip
s
Gear
B&
P
is a particular market that hasn’t been explored.
B
PS
When i market my product to let people know about my design i -Aesthetics/ + Function
function
will try and advertise the design on stylish and/or modern
websites to show people what the product will be related to, such
things as art gallery websites and high end design companies as
an example.
The production of my design should be a relatively small one,
with the accessibility of the design being fairly limited making it
rare, which in tern makes it more well known for the people more
interested in speakers. My design could be placed on websites
such as the Tate modern.
WHAT I HAVE LEARNT- I have decided from this page i will
not take any of the information that i have found out in, and not
use it. This is due to the fact i have realised i am not planning on
putting my design into any of the markets of KEF and their
competitors as my design is sculpture orientated with a speaker
subject, the one thing i will take from this page is how people
may find out about my design in the future and the production of
the project.
Alastair Cross KEF
24. Mood Board
WHAT I HAVE LEARNT- In this page i know know what my design should be inspired by and what
roughly my design should be looking like in terms of the style. I will take most the style inspiration
from the sculptures, the technical and functional features from the speakers and the general shape
and how they use speaker parts from the sculptured speakers.
Alastair Cross KEF
25. Product disassembled Cont.
For this first product i will be disassembling, i will want to find what makes this product successful and the how will i use that feature in my design. This is a very
cheap form of audio which is around £1, and once it has been disassembled we can clearly see why this design is so cheap.
2
From image grouping 2 we are breaking down the mechanics of the head band which keeps the headphone on the head. Since breaking up this
components i found that the alternating headband is controlled by a simple snap fit component to fix the two together to begin with, and then a
slightly resisted with a resistive gel and rough plastic bumps to control the length. Although a simple feature it is effective, very durable and very
tough to undo. For this feature i may not use it in the main design of my speaker, mainly due to the idea i am not designing a headphone.
From image grouping 1, i disassembled the main component of the headphone which can be seen to the right. Once i took of the initial shell
which was held by another snap fit fitment, i found all of the connections between the main magnet and the actual headphone wiring and so one,1
this is another basic fitment that once seen can be said to be very easy to break with very little force. The while product uses very cheap plastic
and very few other materials for the structure. The one thing that i may use for my design is the use of their very compact use of all the
components which make it a lot lighter and space efficient, which would be very useful for my design which should be placed where space is
limited and where the design may have to be moved throughout and environment.
WHAT I HAVE LEARNT- Taking inspiration from Apple, as they have had a rise of %268 in sales over the past yeah,
apple headphones are very simply made with a stylish design. With most things, simple is good and lots of people will like
it. From this page i know that i must not go over board with all different types of features and just keep to one main part
to my design and use only the fundamentals. From this page i feel i can go and start the design of my product as i have
learned a lot from these research pages, i will explain that in the next page.
Alastair Cross KEF Inspired
26. Product disassembled
On this page i will be taking apart a speaker which has all the typical features of a speaker, this includes: More than one speaker, docking station and other
features. From this second disassembling i hope to apply some ergonomic features as well as some functional ones.
1
Looking at image grouping 1 we can see that i have taken apart the basics of the speaker and looked at the frontal area in which we
can see 4 main speaker ports where sound will be produced, this was protected by a very dense plastic grill which is very useful as it
can give a longer working period which i may use in my design, it also does not effect the sound which is an added bonus. We can also
see that the frontal area which contains the speaker and battery container is held together by an adhesive and slotted fit which firmly
holds together this component.
From image grouping 2, i broke down the design even further with the use of screwdrivers, chisels and a hammer due to the strong
fitments. By taking it all apart i saw how the speaker, battery pack and the control panel are all as single part and joined together at a
later date by wiring it all up. This would save cost and space in a design such as this. However the one part of this design that i would
use would be the docking components which simply folds outwards quickly and cleanly.
2
WHAT I HAVE LEARNT- From this page i know i will use the space conserving features as well as the docking station
idea, from here i will assess all my information and them start to design my idea through various media. I will probably use
components from the designs i have disassembled to create my design as i know they will work and have a certain manor of
Finnish which is accepted in the industrial world
Alastair Cross KEF Inspired
27. Research Report
-What i wanted to find-
-What i researched-
-What i wanted to find-
-What i have
found-
Development
-What
next-
-What i will take from
this-
-What i will pick
to use-
-Conflicts with research-
Alastair Cross KEF Inspired
28. environment where it must be placed. The use of composite and smart materials interests
me (i.e.carbon fibre) to fit in with the design of KEF and creating a sculpture style product.
Further Specification
When designing my speaker the aesthetics will be modern and fit the profile of KEF, it will
be smooth and incorporate different materials giving it texture and character in the
environment where it must be placed. I will use some composite materials in my design, it
should show and emphasise sculptured design as well as a modern minimalist feel.
Cost
Due to KEF’s reputation and extensive collection of pricy products, my design will also be a
high priced design. The materials, joinings and overall cost of making the design will be of
extreme quality- this is due to the clients that buy KEF speakers.
My design will be a medium to high priced design, with the joining, materials and overall
quality being good. The finishes should be extremely high and a smooth texture should be
consistent throughout the product. It should be attractive to KEF costumers.
Costumer
The main users of my product (continued on page 11) will be a sophisticated character, male
or female, very interested in functional artistic art and can be placed anywhere in their
New Specification-
Old Specification-
specified environment. My user can be of any range as long as the interest of music and art
is apparent, and can afford the highly priced product.
The main users of my product (continued on page 11) will be a sophisticated character, male
or female, very interested in functional artistic art and can be placed anywhere in their
specified environment. My user can be of any range as long as the interest of music and art
is apparent, and can afford the highly priced product.
Environment
My design will be placed in a very minimalist and modern home environment which can be
distinguished wherever it is placed in that environment whether it would be on the wall,
ceiling or stand on its own
My design will be placed in a very minimalist and modern home environment which can be
distinguished wherever it is placed in that environment. I will be placing my design to
conserve most space in an environment either on a wall, ceiling or shelfs. It should stand
out but not to the scale where the design look ridiculous.
Size
In terms of the product, the design can be any type of size due to the amount of free
space in the modernist environment, however i do not plan for my design to be as big as a
design as the KEF Muon. It is to be big enough to capacitate the speakers and be recognised
in the environment as a stylish piece of gear, that is the only specification for size.
In terms of the product, the design can be any type of size due to the amount of free
space in the modernist environment, however i do not plan for my design to be as big as a
design as the KEF Muon. It is to be big enough to capacitate the speakers and be recognised
in the environment as a stylish piece of gear, that is the only specification for size.
Safety
For speakers, safety must be taken in the electrical and heat insulation of the product, to
make sure the user does not get burned or get an electrical shock. Care must also be
taken in: tripping hazards, the products durability to stay together and being stable. my
product will have none of these so it can form to the environment and become one with it.
For my design there will be minimal issues with the safety as it will be placed in an area
which should not be in the way of the user. As before my design should look as if the design
becomes one with the environment, and look aesthetically pleasing while doing so
Function
There can be many functions and features for speakers however my design should be mainly
aesthetically pleasing and functional in terms of the sound that will be produced. I may
include some small smart features such as touch sensitive, but nothing to change the
style of the design.
There can be many functions and features for speakers however my design should be mainly
aesthetically pleasing and functional in terms of the sound that will be produced. I may
include some small smart features such as touch sensitive, but nothing to change the
Alastair Cross KEF Inspired
-old spec and then new spec
style of the design.
Materials
I will use materials mostly including plastics and wood, however to make my design unique i
30. Initial Design Sketches
On the next few pages i will be creating some designs and concepts that follow my further specification, which follow below. On the
designs due to the lack of colour that will be used, i have highlighted certain parts to talk about.
What my design must have in my initial design ideas and concepts:
-Wall design/ reasonably sized
-Style related to KEF (smooth/ sharp design)
-Looks like a sculpture (Architecture)
-Maybe a specific function
-Various materials used in harmony
-sometimes the use of carbon fibre
Alastair Cross KEF Inspired
35. Development
From the start i always wanted
my design to be inspired somewhat
by architecture and the shapes
that are created in the real
Aesthetics- squaring up world, while the initial ‘squaring
Aesthetics- The Shard
up’of the design has helped
improved my vision of what my
design would be like, i would want
to also used a certain case study
to almost use as a direct link to
another aesthetic change. The
When i first looked at my design shard, which is near complete in
that i plan on creating, and more London has always interested me
importantly the aesthetics of the due to its pyramidal shape and
design, i saw the idea as a very soft stunning angles it can be seen
style with the use of all the from, and as this is what i want my
smooth curves and the general design to be like, i plan to use
roundness of the design. From here some shapes and visual aspects of
however i did say in my initial the shard to help my design. The
specification it would stand out in a first part of this structure that
modernism room, and I'm not sure interests me would be the tip of
the level that it is at is striking the shard(left). I have taken
enough to the eye. So clearly i had construction images and zoomed
to change something. So what i did closer to see the detail and
was to start sharpening and edging clearly from the images there is
of my design to, almost make my the steel top which gives a very
design more viscous to the eye. I blade like feature and gives a
started with a side profile of the certain danger to the design, i will
design and added now views and probably use this feature however
details to give me an idea of what i the construction methods will
was working towards, and clearly have to fit in for me to
from the results(left) the design incorporate this. Secondly is the
is certainly more striking with not open space between the struts in
one curved edge and pointed edges the building itself, using this on
as three separate locations. From my design would give it a raw and
what i have changed from the almost unfinished edge just like a
design i feel it has improved it, not sculpture would have and this
only to follow my specification could be done with the the use of
more throughly but it also looks a clear material
much more attractive, and this is
what i wanted to achieve.
Alastair Cross KEF Inspired
36. Development
Moving on from the
previous idea of the
initial structure,
Construction- Initial Structure Construction- Bolts and
rather that the use Screws
of adhesives all
over my design
which would be
Before i went any further into mostly weak and a
my development i wanted to get long process, i
my initial structure or the would prefer to
skeleton of my design use bolts and
completed so once the basics screws to create a
are done i can focus on more of more permeant
the details and parts that will joint to al the main
characterise my design. From the components of the
left, my design will have design. There are
straight edges all over the many different
design, this should help with types of bolts i
joining processes and also can use, for
making it more sturdy and so the example a dome
longevity can be extended. head bolt which
Another point that i will make would suit well
would be the idea of balance of with my design as it
the whole weight is to be put on would give a
a section of the wall, this different dimension
means my design will either have and a different
to have a very strong wall texture which may
joint or have a relatively light make my design
weight with all the materials more interesting if
added together so that it will people were to
not fall of the wall at any look closer at the
point. But due to my idea of the more detailed
shard and different materials i parts. From the top
want to incorporate my wall right image, and the
design will have to be strong top right of the
instead. picture the idea of
a 90 degree steel
joint which would
make complex
angles strongly
fixed to the design
Alastair Cross KEF Inspired
37. prototype to where
i will be able to
Development place my design
over, it may be
simple but this
means i can make it
Construction- Adhesives Construction- Wall Joint strong
incredibly
from strong
materials. To begin
with i used one
sheet of a bendable
Although i did say adhesives were material, here i
a longer and weaker process to used thick
joining larger sections of my cardboard as it can
design together it doesn't mean be easily bent and
that the smaller parts cant be shaped. Then cut
joined using using the different
diagonals on the
methods on the left. Adhesives
corners and then
such as cement, epoxy resin, PVA
and glue gun glue sticks can all fold them over, if
be used differently on different this process it
materials to ensure the bet stick, joined strongly,
i will most probably use all of this means my design
these to give my design the best can be slotted into
overall quality. Glue gun glue the wall joint and
sticks are very versatile and can can be permanent or
used on most materials however it temporary depending
may not be strong enough to hold on preferences.
non porous materials. The However it needs to
strongest adhesive would be be strong so i will
cement however this would make it in sections
severely weigh down the design
and join them
and so i will have to look for
together using
different adhesive later on.
strong joins like a
dove tail. This will
improve the
longevity.
Alastair Cross KEF Inspired
38. development of me a better
construction i understanding of
Development
wanted to look
more in detail
how someone may
use my design and
about how my how i might change
design will hold some aspects of
Construction- Model
together when it Usability- Card Model so that
the design
is being build, people can find it
and although more natural to
this model is find and use some
only a 2D of the
representation attachments that
using lightweight may be added. To
wood sticks, it begin with, image
gave me an idea top, this gives a
where the perspective of
stressful parts how someone may
of the design see my
are and where design(walking
the key point down stairs) and
are if it was to from this view i
break at any could clearly see
point. A key area an opportunity to
of this model add the controls
was the parts to may design
joining the two while not spoiling
curved segments the aesthetics, or
of the design up, even adding to the
it was fairly aesthetics. Using
flexible even the image on the
when i had glued left we can see i
it down meaning have added small
this is the part markings on the
where more card to show some
industrial joints places where
or adhesives buttons can be
were to be placed, this gives
applied. Another a greater
section would be usability of the
the top of the product as they
lower curve, don't have to walk
this was also directly in front
quite delicate of the speaker to
but from here i change volume,
Alastair Cross know that a KEF Inspired
song etc... and so
strut would go
