This is the presentation given in the fulfillment of the field trip component at IIFM. Giving an overview of the trip by various groups and the leanings from the trip.

1. Field Trip Group I AakashMehrotra(901) Abhishek Prasad(902) Achal Gupta(903) Imran Ali(925) JagmohanMallick(926) Padmavati(939) Shradha(960) Vandana(970)

3. Day 1(14th Dec) INDIRA SAGAR DAM Project was started in 1982 and finished in 2005. The total cost of the project was 5000 crores. The dam was built to produce 1000 MWH of power and to irrigate 1,43,000 ha of land. For this about 90,000 ha of land was submerged of which 40,000 ha was forested land.

5. SOCIAL COST OF THE PROJECT Around 250 villages displaced of which some were Adivasi dominated. More than 40,000 of forested land inundated. Huge, unimaginable loss to wildlife. More than 100,000 people affected.

7. SOCIAL COST OF THE PROJECT Led to huge resentment of the displaced people over the compensation offered. 12 forested villages submerged the inhabitants of which were totally dependent on forest produce. The compensation package offered by the government was less in comparison to the loss caused. 3 different level of package designed ranging from 40,000 to 80,000 which was less than the market price.

8. THE REAL BENEFIT The 1,950 million units of power generation. 12.4 % of the total electricity requirement of the Madhya Pradesh to be met. Irrigation of 1,23,000 ha. Land.

9. Day 2 (15th Dec) DAHINALA Encroachment in the village dominated by the Bhil community by the adjoining village community. This tussle led to large scale degradation of the forested land. Degradation of the land and huge loss in economic activity in the village.

10. THE CHALLENGE To curb the ongoing encroachment and To restore the peace in the area along with effective implementation of JFM. THE ROAD MAP Constitution of the Van Samiti or the Village Forest Protection Committees with 12 members.

13. GOALS ACHIEVED 70% of the encroached area now is restored. From one rain fed crop a year (wheat) the villagers are now growing 2-3 crops a year. Development of a check dam by the villagers about 6-7 years. 15-16 dams were constructed. Plantation of medicinal plants as cash crops.

14. GOALS ACHIEVED cont.. Distribution of pressure cooker. Large scale plantation of Teak, Khair, Achar, Amla and other trees. Better managed supply chain of crop. Watershed development and management.

16. THE HIDDEN STORY Disparity exists between the villagers. The whole process of planning and execution of development plans not very transparent. Social inequity prevailing in the area. Development plans have benefitted the land owners but not much done for the landless.

17. THE STRUGGLE CONTINUES The struggle continues in the neighboring Sewli village. Regular fights between the villagers and the Adivasi community are as frequent as the meal of the day. In spite of that development has not ceased.

18. VISIT TO NEPA LIMITED Day 3 VISIT TO NEPA LIMITED

19. FORMATION The Company was floated by M/s Nair Press Syndicate Limited, a private entrepreneur, on 25th January 1947 Management taken over by MP Government in the year 1949 Became a Central government company in the year 1958 First indigenous newsprint manufacturing company in India Comes under the Ministry of Heavy Industries

20. Manufacturing Facilities

21. fine screen HD pulping street Power house

22. Machine 2

23. Effluent treatment plant

24. Product range Standard Economy Antique Deluxe Pink Super deluxe Prime Superfine Special newsprint

25. Customers Nepa Ltd have 55 customers of which the major ones are DainikBhaskar DainikJagran Rajasthan Patrika

26. R&D lab

27. R&D LAB PROCESSING SHEET ON R&D PRESS AND DRYING IT ON BABY ANALYSER

28. Brightness tester

29. Financial conditions

30. Cont’d

31. Manpower

32. Visit to Badnapur Visit to Badnapur

33. History at a glance Earlier it was an encroached area. Forest Dept. evacuated the area and then fenced it with cement bars Saja plantation was done in that area for sericulture purpose People among encroachers were recruited as guards

34. Fencing

35. Saja plantation

36. Larvae of the tussar silk

37. Benefits As the area is guarded encroachment has stopped The people has now livelihood options through the selling of cocoons The area has now a good vegetation cover which was barren earlier Financial assistance were provided from an NGO

38. cocoons

39. Day 4 (17th Dec) Visit to Melghat Tiger Reserve

40. Introduction located on the southern offshoot of the SatpuraRanges It is a prime habitat of tiger The forest is Tropical Dry Deciduous in nature Dominated by Teak (Tectonagrandis)

41. Physical depiction of Melghat Tiger Reserve

43. Vegetation More than 700 species have been enlisted of which teak is the dominant species. In all there are around 90 trees spp., 66 shrubs spp., 316 herbs spp., 56 climbers spp.,23 weeds spp., and 99 grasses spp.,

44. Animals There are around 80 spp., of mammals found, which comprises of Tiger,Leopard, Wild dog, Jackal, Samber, Chital, Nilgai, Languretc More than 263 avian species are found and 54 reptile species are found Around 96 species of fish has been identified.

45. Management practices Protection of wildlife and habitat management Issues related to man-animal conflict is tackled on priority basis This reserve area is divided into three zones for better management practice.

46. Water hole

47. Water hole census

48. Achievements 16 wireless stations, 117 walkie talkies and a satellite camera trap Density of forest has improved to great extent. The population of various wild animals has increased. Illegal felling, poaching and fire are under strict control. A database regarding flora and fauna and other wildlife related activities have been created.

49. Problems faced Human settlement Grazing Fire incidence Poaching and illegal felling Conflicts - Man-animal - Man-forest

50. Future course of action Establishment of strike force Resettlement of few villages from the buffer region. Eco development in villages Formation of JFM. Provide training and awareness program for the local people

51. Visit to Chikaldhara Day 5 (18th Dec) Visit to Chikaldhara

52. Chikaldhara Park Developed as an eco-tourism spot Lots of structures made from natural materials to attract tourists. Swings of rope on trees Platforms were made on the tree branches from bamboos and timber. Sitting arrangements were made from stumps of trees.

53. Tourist attraction

54. BhimKund All natural surroundings On the background there was a wind mill which was installed to tap the wind energy All the spots were very attractive and as a result high number of tourist visited

56. Day 6 (19th Dec) Kukru Potential Eco-tourism site SWAPNIL set up in Jan, 2008 Guest house at SWAPNIL is 103 years old Strategic location Melghat Chikaldhara

58. Forests Valleys Villages Lakes Established attractive sites/points Sunset Valley view STRENGTHS OF THE PLACE

59. Wind Energy –> wind farms –> Energy Tourism Trekking and Adventure sports Develop model villages -> Rural Tourism Forest Tourism Leisure time Boating Night sky watching POTENTIAL

63. View from Sunset point

65. Night Sky at Kukru

66. Display model for the farming techniques Barren mountain peaks gives immense opportunity to develop projects on: Floriculture Horticulture esp. citrus fruits. Wine yards This would serve 2 purposes: Development of barren land Boost to village economy

67. Dense forest Degraded land Agricultural activities

68. Village Farming

69. Day 7 (20th Dec) Watershed Management Water for irrigation. Ample supply of water. Rainwater harvesting technique. Boosted economy of the nearby village. Larger Reservoir. Scope for recreational activities like boating, fishing etc. Run off water harvesting for irrigation on the sloppy terrain. Very large artificial watershed.

72. Selection cum improvement felling Circle (SCI) of Betul Forest Department(Teak Plantation). Area A Sloppy terrain No cutting Difficulty in transportation Removal of trees results in degradation and runoff on the sloppy terrain Area B Degraded land Scarce vegetation Left for future plantation Area C Cutting site Young trees of 20 to 30 years of age

73. Procedure (SCI) Demarcation of coupe Marking Cutting and removal S=G/10 + 1 Here S= distance between the trees to be cut. G=girth diameter 50% trees are cut down while 50% are left. Good to cut 2 out of 4 or 3 out of 6 trees. Avoid water erosion and soil run off.

75. Nursery The nursery are one of the most important employer for the poor villagers. These are one of the most imp. Livelihood generator. Through NREGA scheme poor people can be given employment by nurseries. It has both ecological and economical impacts.

77. BAMBOO Bamboo is known as "Green Gold" and "Poor man's Timber". It is the fastest growing woody perennial on the planet. A bamboo grove creates 5 times more bio-material than a typical pine forest. Most common one found in Indian forest is – Dendrocalamus strictus

80. Continued… Rotation period for bamboo is usually 4 years. There are 3 stage of bamboo- karla,mohiya & pakiya with respect to their ages. Harvesting is best at the end of the dry season. Bamboo plantation are generally cut in U-shape. Distance between two bamboo shouldn’t be >25cm.

81. QUALITY OF BAMBOO Culms are a great indicator of the bamboo plants overall quality. -The newest culms in a bamboo grove are the most important to examine. Site quality of bamboo decide the no. of bamboo to be left in bamboo plantation- Height Site quality No. of bamboo >9m 1st 20 6-9m 2nd 15 <6m 3rd 10

82. It is the fastest growing plant ,therefore the best spp. for recovery of degraded forest. Commercial bamboo should have at least 6cm diameter. Industrial bamboo diameter is 4cm.

84. Day 8 and 9 (21-22 Dec) Teak (Tectonagrandis) is one of the most well known timbers of the world. It is also known as. rosewood/sagwan. Three main factors affect growth and quality of the plantation: site quality, seed supply and silvicultural management.

85. Continue………… Intensive weeding in 1-5 year-old plantations is very important. In Asia, teak trees are often allowed to develop for 60 years of rotation period. Thinning is done every 6th year i.e 6th year then 11th year and so on.

86. Teak forest at Betul Area where plantation occurring approx.47000ha. At the initial stage there were 2500 plants/ha. When girth is more than 20cm a mark with geru is given and tree is cut. Plantation journal is maintained.

88. Teak logs are classified according to their size like Height Diameter Type >2m >40cm Lath >2m <40cm Balli <2m >40cm Khod <2m <40cm Dengri

90. Uses of Teak Teakwood is an excellent timber. The leaves yield a kind of dye which is used locally in colouring clothes, edibles, etc. Leaves are also used as packing material. The wood when hollowed exudes a kind of gum which is used in pan-masala. The juice of teak flowers is used for common cold.

92. Day 10 ( 23rd Dec) Balapur Village One look into the exercise The main issue was the shifting of the temple from the middle of the road to one end of the road. The shifting of the temple was done by taking the villagers into confidence. The focal point behind the shifting of the temple was the development of a pakka road.

95. Market area (Chindwara)

96. The development of the road proved out to be the panacea for all slowed down work. The villagers gave voluntary service to the development of drains. The road became a lifeline for the villagers. The Road

97. The village is connected with the city. With their joint collaboration villagers have developed a school, a primary health center etc. Van Samiti is rolling out plans for the development of nurseries and plantation Today’s Scenario

100. Day 11 (24th Dec) Amla Depot Management Tasks performed:- Gate entry/exit tracking Lot making Auctioning Plantation of teak, euclyptus,etc. Theft control

101. ParidanAnugayaPatrak

102. Receipt

103. Sold lot

104. Passing Hammer

107. Day 12 (25th Dec) Pench national park

111. Day 13 (26th Dec) Mohan Colliery Map:- Scale:- 1cm : 20m Cross tunnels Contour lines Fault -> vertical displacement between the deposits 800 ha lease area with 254 ha forest area Barrier for protection from water logged areas Incrop -> The edge where the active winning starts or where the deposits are first found

113. Mechanised mine Coal width-6m Underground mine Length-1km Height-200m Forest restored Mine dug by drilling Mechanised transfer of men and material

115. Semi-mechanized mines Transfer of coal on train Mine dug by blasting Forest destroyed in close vicinity Underground mine - govt. compensates for the losses as forest is conserved 1 open cast mine – cause 100 % environmental damage though profitable

116. Day 14 (27th Dec)

117. Potential for eco-tourism Tamiya (56 Km stone from Chindwara to Panchmari) On the highway linking Nagpur and Pachmarhi Large valley surrounded by ranges from the three sides Great opportunities for the development of adventure activities Protected area for vultures

118. View from TAMIA forest rest house

120. Day 15 (28th Dec) Panchmarhi

121. Bison lodge 1st official forest department building in India Named so because of the presence of large number of bisons A small museum depicting the flora and fauna of Pachmarhi Cantonment for the Britishers

122. BISON LODGE

123. BISON LODGE

124. PINE PLANTATION

125. Pine plantation Plantation done on trial basis by the paper manufacturers but couldn’t get the benefits Reveals the similarity in the climatic conditions of Pachmarhi and Himalayan zones Leaves are acidic in nature Used for fuelwood,resin and oils

126. PINE PLANTATION

128. Eco-tourism at Dhoopgarh Highest point in MP 12 hrs of sunlight during the day Made of seven plates of parvat of Satpura 1150 km long and 150 km wide range View of sunset and sunrise small museum having the photographs and the descriptions of the various sites in Pachmarhi

129. DHOOPGARH 1352 mts.

133. Sunset view

135. Prakrit Sericulture farm training farmers to rear the silkworms on mulberry leaves 4 types of silk: Mulberry silk-mulbbery is the host plant Tasar-saja and arjuna Eri-castor Muga(golden silk)-som and litsea Promising employment scheme 1 acre can generate Rs.40,000-2,00,000 income MP is the third non-traditional state in sericulture in India Sold at Rs.2000/kg and golden silk for Rs.6,000/kg Day 16 (29th Dec)

136. PRAKRIT

138. Medicinal plant conservation area Many medicinal plants are grown here under natural conditions Lipticia-dysentry Kadupaat –malaria and fever Bryophyllum-ulcer Rouwolfiaserpentina-medicines against snake poison Lemon grass-flavouring tea

139. MPCA

142. LEMON GRASSbr />

144. COFFEE

145. Budni (Narmada Ghat) People here generate income by making toys of dudhi/nilgiri/babul(dudhipreffered due to better finishing soft wood) Demand of toys is higher than their supply Limited raw material 50% margin Machine cost- Rs.10000-15000 Electricity charge-Rs.1000/month Trees cut before maturity-> inefficient use of leaves having medicinal value Silvicultural practices absent due to lack of plantation Waste sold for brick making at Rs. 25/bag Day 17 (30th Dec)

146. COLOURING MATERIAL BUDNI

149. DUDHI NILGIRI

150. Vindhya Herbals(Rewati):- Objective:- Better quality products to increase livelihood generation

151. Highlights:- 3-tier org. structure,15-25 people or 100 families 12 lakh loan from state govt. 11% margin Medically subscribed Word of mouth marketing 108 licensed products Sale limited to M.P.

152. Problems:- Medicinal plants get diseased/destroyed To generate revenue for tribal people on account of above problems is a big challenge

153. Thank You