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Arrays
An array stores multiple elements of the same type
that type can be simple (value) types or objects
• for arrays of simple types, each element contains one value of
the declared type
• for arrays of reference types (e.g., objects), every element of
the array is a reference to an object of the data type of the
array

Refer to particular element in the array by position
number
the name of the array followed by the position number
(subscript) of the element in square brackets ([])
• [ ] is considered as an operator

1
Arrays: Declaration and Instantiation
An array can be allocated using the keyword new to specify how many elements the
array should hold
bool[] flags; // declare flags
flags = new bool[20]; // create an array and make flags a ref.
// now flags is reference to another array
flags = new bool[10];
// declare variable grades; create an array; make grades a
// reference of the array
int[] grades = new int[12];
float[] prices = new float[500];
string[] codes = new string[26];
Time1[] times;
times = new Time1[10];
2
Array: An Array of Simple Values
grades[ 0 ]
grades[ 1 ]

0

grades[ 3 ]

72
1543
-89

grades[ 6 ]

0

grades[ 7 ]

62

grades[ 8]

-3

grades[ 9 ]

1

grades[ 10 ]

6453

grades[ 11 ]
A 12-element array of values.

grades[ 2 ]

grades[ 5 ]

position number (index or
subscript) of the element
within array grades

6

grades[ 4 ]

grades

-45

-78
3
Array: An Array of Objects
times[ 0 ]
times[ 1 ]

ref to obj 2

times[ 3 ]

ref to obj 3
ref to obj 4
ref to obj 5

times[ 6 ]

A 10-element array of objects

times[ 2 ]

times[ 5 ]

position number (index or
subscript) of the element
within array times

ref to obj 1

times[ 4 ]

times

ref to obj 0

ref to obj 6

times[ 7 ]

ref to obj 7

times[ 8]

ref to obj 8

times[ 9 ]

ref to obj 9

4
Arrays as Objects
In C#, an array behaves very much like an
object
declaration and instantiation are like objects
• declare an array variable
• create an array using new
• make a variable a reference of an array

parameter passing is similar to objects
• we will discuss the detail later.

an array has the Length property
5
Array: Length
Each array has a public property called
Length that stores the size of the array
once an array is created, it has a fixed size

It is referenced using the array name (just like
any other object):
grades.Length
Note that Length holds the number of
elements, not the largest index
6
Array Instantiation and Initialization in
One Step: Initializer List
An initializer list can be used to instantiate and initialize
an array in one step
The values are delimited by braces and separated by
commas
Allocate space for the array – number of elements in initializer list determines
the size of array
Elements in array are initialized with the values in the initializer list

The new operator is not used
Examples:

int[] units = {147, 323, 89, 933, 540};
char[] letterGrades = {'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'F'};
string[] wordList = {“bs703“,

“computer", “television"};
7
Recall: Two Types of Variables
A variable represents a cell in memory
Value type

x
y

int, char, byte, float, double, string
A value type variable stores a value of the
type of the variable in the memory
int x = 45;
double y = 45.12;

45
45.12

Reference type

A variable that “stores” object or array
actually stores a reference to an object
or array, e.g.,
A reference is a location in computer’s
memory where the object or array itself
is stored
Time3 t1;
t1 = new Time3(11, 45, 59);

t1

11
45
59

8
Implications of the Two Types of Variables:
Assignment
An assignment of one value variable to
x
another value variable copies the value, e.g.,
int x = 45;
y
double y = 45.12;
int z;
z
z = x;
An assignment of one reference variable to
another reference variable copies the reference, e.g.,
Time3 t1;
t1 = new Time3(11, 45, 59);
t1
Time3 t2;
t2 = t1;

45
45.12
45

11
45
59

t2
9
Two-Dimensional Arrays
A one-dimensional array stores a list of
values
A two-dimensional array, also called doublesubscripted array, can be thought of as a
table of values, with rows and columns
a two-dimensional array element is referenced
using two index numbers

10
Two Types of Double-Subscripted Arrays
rectangular arrays

often represent tables in which each row is the same size and
each column is the same size, e.g.,

int[,] a1 = new int[,] { { 1, 2, 3 }, { 4, 5, 6 } };
int[,] a11 = new int[3,4];

jagged arrays

• arrays of arrays
• arrays that compose jagged arrays can be of different lengths,
e.g.,

int[][] array2 = new int[
array2[ 0 ] = new int[] {
array2[ 1 ] = new int[] {
array2[ 2 ] = new int[] {
array2[2][1] = 3;

3 ][];
1, 2 };
3 };
4, 5, 6 };
11
Double-Subscripted Arrays
Column 0

Column 1

Column 2

Column 3

Row 0

a[0][0]

a[0][1]

a[0][2]

a[0][3]

Row 1

a[1][0]

a[1][1]

a[1][2]

a[1][3]

Row 2

a[2][0] a [2][1] a[2][2]

a[2][3]

Column index (or subscript)
Row index (or subscript)
Array name

Double-subscripted array with three rows and four columns.

12

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Visula C# Programming Lecture 5

  • 1. Arrays An array stores multiple elements of the same type that type can be simple (value) types or objects • for arrays of simple types, each element contains one value of the declared type • for arrays of reference types (e.g., objects), every element of the array is a reference to an object of the data type of the array Refer to particular element in the array by position number the name of the array followed by the position number (subscript) of the element in square brackets ([]) • [ ] is considered as an operator 1
  • 2. Arrays: Declaration and Instantiation An array can be allocated using the keyword new to specify how many elements the array should hold bool[] flags; // declare flags flags = new bool[20]; // create an array and make flags a ref. // now flags is reference to another array flags = new bool[10]; // declare variable grades; create an array; make grades a // reference of the array int[] grades = new int[12]; float[] prices = new float[500]; string[] codes = new string[26]; Time1[] times; times = new Time1[10]; 2
  • 3. Array: An Array of Simple Values grades[ 0 ] grades[ 1 ] 0 grades[ 3 ] 72 1543 -89 grades[ 6 ] 0 grades[ 7 ] 62 grades[ 8] -3 grades[ 9 ] 1 grades[ 10 ] 6453 grades[ 11 ] A 12-element array of values. grades[ 2 ] grades[ 5 ] position number (index or subscript) of the element within array grades 6 grades[ 4 ] grades -45 -78 3
  • 4. Array: An Array of Objects times[ 0 ] times[ 1 ] ref to obj 2 times[ 3 ] ref to obj 3 ref to obj 4 ref to obj 5 times[ 6 ] A 10-element array of objects times[ 2 ] times[ 5 ] position number (index or subscript) of the element within array times ref to obj 1 times[ 4 ] times ref to obj 0 ref to obj 6 times[ 7 ] ref to obj 7 times[ 8] ref to obj 8 times[ 9 ] ref to obj 9 4
  • 5. Arrays as Objects In C#, an array behaves very much like an object declaration and instantiation are like objects • declare an array variable • create an array using new • make a variable a reference of an array parameter passing is similar to objects • we will discuss the detail later. an array has the Length property 5
  • 6. Array: Length Each array has a public property called Length that stores the size of the array once an array is created, it has a fixed size It is referenced using the array name (just like any other object): grades.Length Note that Length holds the number of elements, not the largest index 6
  • 7. Array Instantiation and Initialization in One Step: Initializer List An initializer list can be used to instantiate and initialize an array in one step The values are delimited by braces and separated by commas Allocate space for the array – number of elements in initializer list determines the size of array Elements in array are initialized with the values in the initializer list The new operator is not used Examples: int[] units = {147, 323, 89, 933, 540}; char[] letterGrades = {'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'F'}; string[] wordList = {“bs703“, “computer", “television"}; 7
  • 8. Recall: Two Types of Variables A variable represents a cell in memory Value type x y int, char, byte, float, double, string A value type variable stores a value of the type of the variable in the memory int x = 45; double y = 45.12; 45 45.12 Reference type A variable that “stores” object or array actually stores a reference to an object or array, e.g., A reference is a location in computer’s memory where the object or array itself is stored Time3 t1; t1 = new Time3(11, 45, 59); t1 11 45 59 8
  • 9. Implications of the Two Types of Variables: Assignment An assignment of one value variable to x another value variable copies the value, e.g., int x = 45; y double y = 45.12; int z; z z = x; An assignment of one reference variable to another reference variable copies the reference, e.g., Time3 t1; t1 = new Time3(11, 45, 59); t1 Time3 t2; t2 = t1; 45 45.12 45 11 45 59 t2 9
  • 10. Two-Dimensional Arrays A one-dimensional array stores a list of values A two-dimensional array, also called doublesubscripted array, can be thought of as a table of values, with rows and columns a two-dimensional array element is referenced using two index numbers 10
  • 11. Two Types of Double-Subscripted Arrays rectangular arrays often represent tables in which each row is the same size and each column is the same size, e.g., int[,] a1 = new int[,] { { 1, 2, 3 }, { 4, 5, 6 } }; int[,] a11 = new int[3,4]; jagged arrays • arrays of arrays • arrays that compose jagged arrays can be of different lengths, e.g., int[][] array2 = new int[ array2[ 0 ] = new int[] { array2[ 1 ] = new int[] { array2[ 2 ] = new int[] { array2[2][1] = 3; 3 ][]; 1, 2 }; 3 }; 4, 5, 6 }; 11
  • 12. Double-Subscripted Arrays Column 0 Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Row 0 a[0][0] a[0][1] a[0][2] a[0][3] Row 1 a[1][0] a[1][1] a[1][2] a[1][3] Row 2 a[2][0] a [2][1] a[2][2] a[2][3] Column index (or subscript) Row index (or subscript) Array name Double-subscripted array with three rows and four columns. 12