Based on the presentation of the same http://www.slideshare.net/abijahjumaniaj/computer-programs-system-softwares?qid=e2a68e66-9563-4773-ac9b-829da392b494&v=default&b=&from_search=1 Computer Programming Languages- High Lvl & Low Lvl, Operating System- Types

1. Computer Program
An Algorithm is a step- by- step set of instructions designed to
perform a particular function. Its basically a procedure to get a
required result.
Computer Program is a sequence of coded instructions written to
perform a particular task or function.
It’s basically like having a recipe which tells you what to do and how
to do it. It contains a list of ingredients- (variables) and tells the
computer what operations to do with it in order to get the right output.
The programs are built-in or entered by the user and stored in the
sytem memory along with the operands- data. So, when the computer
executes a program, it already has the instructions as well as the data
that it needs and works one instruction at a time.
Programming Language
It is a formal constructed language in which the program is written by
the user for the computer to understand.
It basically works on two parts:
 Syntax- (form & grammar of the language)
 Semantics- (meaning of the statement or keyword)
Low- level Languages
There are many types of programming languages: low level, high
level, 4GL, Scripting language, etc.
A Low- level Programming Language is one that provides little or no
abstraction or separation of ideas from the system’s instruction set.
To the computer, low-level languages are the least complex and are
the closest to the hardware.
Machine level language
It is composed in the binary code- 0s & 1s. This is what the computer
understands best, all it’s signals are sent and received in 0s & 1s.
0s mean on and 1s mean off- where a signal is given electronically or
not, or whether a statement is true or false. It forms a pattern which
the computer system can understand and communicate and goes one
bit at a time.
This is the only language that the system understands, all other
languages are translated to this.

2. Assembly level language
It is a low- level language which has a very strong correspondence
between the language itself and the instruction set of the system.
Each assembly language is specific to the architecture and code of the
respective system.
This language has a direct connection with the instruction set of the
computer but requires a specific software called the assembler to
translate it into the machine code.
High- Level Languages
A high- level language is one that allows the programmer to write
programs that are relatively independent of the instruction set or
architecture of the system.
It uses the natural elements of human language making it easier to
understand and write the program. This kind of abstraction makes it
simple for the user to define the function set.
Eg: C, C++, Cobol, Fortan, Java, Pyton, etc.
Software
A Software is a set of Program Instructions. It refers to the programs
and other operands used by the system to perform a given task.
They are of two types:
 System Software
 Application Software
System Software
System Software Comprises the Programs which are directly linked
with the Hardware and Perform Tasks within Controlling and
Utilizing it.
It is the link between the User and the Computer Hardware.
It comprises the Operating System and Utility Programs that enable
the operating System to Work.

3. Utility Programs
The Utility Program is a system software one that is designed to help
analyse, configure, optimize or maintain the hardware of the system.
It focuses on the use of the computer infrastructure or hardware.
Eg: System monitors, Backup Softwares, Disk cleaners, Anti- viruses,
etc.
Operating System
An Operating System is a System Software That Manages the
Computer Hardware and Software Resources and Provides A
Common Portal for other Computer Programs and Application
Softwares for the User to Access.
Eg: Windows, Linux, Unix, etc
Functions of OS
 Booting The Computer
 Manages The Peripheral and I/O Devices
 Manages the System Resources
 Manages the Memory and Saves Data in Allot
 Sends & Receives Data and Manipulates Data according to the User’s
Requirements
Real- time OS
It is one which is able to receive & process data and return results
quick enough to be useful at that very moment.
A real time OS is a multitasking operating system that aims at
executing real-time applications. They often use specialized
scheduling algorithms so that they can achieve a deterministic nature
of behavior. The main objective of real-time operating systems is their
quick and predictable response to events.
They have a time- sharing design between tasks for the Processor to
be used to an optimum extent by shifting tasks within the system
clock based on the priorities.
It is used in the armies, certain high tech industries, space stations,
etc. It is also used in home systems Video games like Atari,
Macintosh, etc. Programs like Java Real Time.

4. Multi- user OS
A Multi- User Operating System is one that allows the Admission of
Multiple users through Different Input- Output Nodes to Access the
Processor through Time- Sharing or Batch Processing.
Eg: Windows NT, Unix, etc.
It is any operating System that works on a network.
Multi- tasking OS
A Multi- Taking OS is one that allows the More than one Program to
Operate and Process Data at a time rather than one after the other.
Here many processes are executed concurrently.
Here, either the Control Unit allots time for each program or the
Processes themselves fit together by overlapping in the processor.
Application Programs
The Operating System is the background of the application software.
Application Softwares are those designed for the end user- It is what
he actually interacts with.
It is a set of programs for the end user to carry out his specific tasks
and satisfy the need of the particular environment.
Examples:
 Web browsers
 MS Office- (Word Processing, Spread sheets, etc)
 Entertainment
 Graphics
 Database Mgmt- MySQL
 Documentation