4. DEFINITION
El Niño is defined by prolonged differences in the Pacific
Ocean sea surface tempretures when compared with the
average value. The accepted definition is a warming or
cooling of at least 0.5°C (0.9°F) averaged over the eastcentral tropical Pacific Ocean. Typically, this anomaly
happens at irregular intervals of two to seven years, and
lasts nine months to two years.The average period length is
five years. When this warming or cooling occurs for only
seven to nine months, it is classified as El Niño/La Niña
"conditions"; when it occurs for more than that period, it is
classified as El Niño/La Niña "episodes"
5. CAUSES
• In normal, non-El Niño conditions, trade winds blow in a westerly
direction along the equator. These winds pile up warm surface
water in the western Pacific, so the sea surface is as much as 18
inches higher in the western Pacific than in the eastern Pacific.
These trade winds are one of the main sources of fuel for the
Humboldt Current. The Humboldt Current is a cold ocean current
which flows north along the coasts of Chile and Peru, then turns
west and warms as it moves out into the Central Pacific. So, the
normal situation is warmer water in the western Pacific, cooler in
the eastern.
• In an El Niño, the equatorial westerly winds diminish. As a result,
the Humboldt Current weakens and this allows the waters along
the coast of Chile and Peru to warm and creates warmer than usual
conditions along the coast of South America. As far as we know,
other forces, such as volcanic eruptions (submarine or terrestrial)
and sunspots, do not cause El Niños.
6. EFFECTS
PRIMARY EFFECTS: These are directly caused
Alteration of weather patterns include:
•
Temperature change
•
Precipitation changes
•
Storm track changes and intensity
•
Alteration of currents and ocean temperature
SECONDARY EFFECTS: These are some consequences
•
Fires
•
Drought
•
Flooding
•
Economic change, price of heating, food, etc.
•
Political and social unrest
•
Crash of fisheries
•
Famine
•
Plagues (Hanta virus)
•
Insect Population explosion leading to disease and plagues
•
Crop failure
7. ACTION PLANS (SOLUTIONS)
El Nino (or more correctly, El Nino Southern Oscillation) cannot be
stopped, reversed, prevented, mitigated, etc.. It is
a natural climatological phenomenon with both an atmospheric
and oceanic component which extends across the entire Tropical
Pacific Ocean - there is nothing humans can do to influence this
type of thing. The El Nino (the warm phase) phase of this
oscillation features a weakening or even reversal of the trade
winds in this part of the world (the atmospheric component),
which causes primarily a movement of warmer water from the
western Pacific all the way to the South American Coast where
cooler water typically upwells (the oceanic component). As a
result of this, and of this particular region of the earth being quite
important to the entire world's climate for a variety of complex
reasons, El Nino exerts an influence at some level on all of Earth's
climate.
12. DEFINITION
• La Niña means “The Little Girl”.
• “El Viejo”, anti-El Niño, or simply "a cold event" or "a cold
episode".
• develops over the central and eastern equatorial Pacific
and is characterized by unusually cold surface
temperatures of the ocean.
• associated with extreme climatic variability such as
devastating rains and winds
• This condition can prevail for two to three seasons (six to
nine months) thus affecting the economy on both the
local and global scales.
13. CAUSES
• La Niña is preceded by a buildup of cooler-than-normal
subsurface waters in the tropical Pacific.
• Eastward-moving atmospheric and oceanic waves help bring
the cold water to the surface through a complex series of
events still being studied. In time, the easterly trade winds
strengthen, cold upwelling off Peru and Ecuador intensifies,
and sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) drop below normal.
• During the 1988- 89 La Niña, SSTs fell to as much as 4 degrees
C (7 degrees F) below normal. Both La Niña and El Niño tend to
peak during the Northern Hemisphere winter.
14. EFFECTS
• formation of rain-producing clouds over the eastern
equatorial Pacific region while at the same time
enhancing rainfall over the western equatorial Pacific
region (Indonesia, Malaysia and northern Australia.)
• Effects on Philippine climate include anomalies in
rainfall, temperature and tropical cyclone activities
• Events in which we experience near normal to above
normal rainfall conditions particularly over the eastern
sections of the country
• tropical cyclone formation over the western Pacific
which tends to increase the number of tropical cyclones
• thousands of hectares of prime agricultural lands are
being destroyed by floodwaters
17. ACTION PLANS (SOLUTIONS)
•
When the Pacific Ocean warms and cools with El Niño and La Niña, global
temperatures rise and fall, it’s something we have no control of because
these two are naturally occurring phenomena that result from
interactions between the ocean surface and the atmosphere over the
tropical Pacific.
•
Changes in the ocean surface temperatures affect tropical rainfall
patterns and atmospheric winds over the Pacific ocean, which in turn
impact the ocean temperatures and currents. The El Nino and La Niña
related patterns of tropical rainfall cause changes in the weather
patterns around the globe.
•
But it doesn’t mean we can’t do anything to help our environment in
making it a better place to live in, if we can’t avoid these things to
happen, we can at least do something to lessen the damage it will do in
our environment.
18. SELF, HOUSE, COMMUNITY
• As the old adage says, “REDUCE, REUSE, RECYCLE” I
• Switch to eco-friendly cleaning products
• Use natural lighting whenever possible and switch to
compact fluorescent light (CFL) bulbs
• Reduce use of plastic bags, bring your own eco-bag
whenever shopping especially when buying groceries
• Use water efficiently
• Students - Get involved in ecological activities like tree
planting, community clean-up
19. NATIONAL
• Ban of disposable plastics and styrofoam in different
places in our country like Makati, Quezon City and other
places here in the Philiipines
• Kapit bisig para sa ilog Pasig –ABS-CBN Foundation riverrehabilitation project to make way for a cleaner
waterways in Metro Manila
• Waste minimization, segregation, recycling, and
composting
• Freshwater and marine conservation
• Tree planting
20. INTERNATIONAL
• EARTH HOUR
• World Environment Day - annual event that is aimed at
being the biggest and most widely celebrated global day
for positive environmental action. World Environment
Day activities take place all year round and climax on 5
June every year, involving everyone from everywhere.
26. Globally Understanding an Inconvenient Truth
Global warming has become a fast approaching problem.
It is affecting the
planet and all those who live on it. Al Gore’s documentary,
An Inconvenient Truth
portrays that the problem of global warming is affecting the world and will
not go away without change. So, every individual needs to change their
daily
activities in order to complement the environment. This can create a better
future
that our children can live in without fear of global warming. One person
won’t make a
difference, but with the help of films like An Inconvenient Truth, the
knowledge of global warming can be spread globally.
- Lhicole Zaplan
27. The earth needs us. It is something that the documentary film Inconvenient
Truth is trying to tell us. As Al Gore said in the film, "It is now clear that we face a
deepening global climate crisis that requires us to act boldly, quickly, and
wisely." The film talks about how climate change affects everything in this
world, all the living things, especially us, humans. In which we all will suffer the
consequences that we are responsible of. Al Gore, as an advocate for the
environment, helps us realize that what the world is experiencing something
serious. We need to act in order to help and save the environment and
ourselves from the inevitable consequences of climate change. Consequences
like melting of Antarctic ice because of the high carbon dioxide and
temperature on earth. The melting of ice makes all countries vulnerable of
being erased from the world map, especially the small countries. Not only we
humans will suffer, also the animals living in Antarctic are affected. Like polar
bears that live in the ice, they will lose their natural habitat, if that happens, they
will become extinct. The super typhoons we experience are part of the
consequences of not taking good care of our environment. If we only just stop
for a while and think about the condition of the world we live in. We can all do
something to help our mother earth. Simple acts like conserving electricity and
water, walking instead of driving, and tree planting is already one step closer to
a better environment. We all will benefit if we just stop being ignorant and if we
act fast to help our mother earth.
- Ma. Abigael S. Mabalot
29. Faith is the one you don’t find because you have faith is the one you need when
you need
Faith gives courage to believe again
Make you smile in the blink of an eye
Faith is the door you keep knocking on but wont answer
At least that’s what you think until after
When we fall we struggle back up with faith
When we think we know what it is we scare
Although when faith arrives we have to be great
Since it does not revenge but it must pay
When things don’t make sense we turn to hope hope becomes believe believe
become faith
Faith is everything but one thing it is not
Faith is never unsure but always is a trust
To have faith you must believe to believe you need hope
To hope ye shall have faith! ! !
30. HASTE THE DAY
Letting Go Of Your Hand I Walk Alone Again
On This Path In This Pain
My Flesh Burned Away My Body Broken
Thought I Was Strong
I See The Perfect Day
I Won't Walk Away(x2)
I Gave My Faith To The Wind Today
I Won't Let You Make The Same Mistake
It Seems So Easy To Walk Away
Remember How It Use To Be
i'll never, (NEVER)
Ill never, (NEVER)
Make the same mistakes!
