College project presentation on RC Controlled Helicopter

1. Surveillance Chopper
 Abheek Kumar
Chakraborty
 Biswajeet Sahoo
 Pradyut Kumar Parida
 Hiteshwar Sahoo
 Durga Prasad
 Chinmay Jagdev Jena
Guided By- Er. Lohit Sahoo

2. The surveillance helicopter will be an
implementation of an unmanned aerial vehicle
(UAV) using a radio-controlled (RC) helicopter that is
capable of following a moving, at a fixed altitude off
the ground while maintaining wireless
communication with a remote controller.
These are the days of modern technologies and in
order to achieve supremacy in various sectors,
modern technology should be adopted.
This is an effort to make a prototype of Surveillance
chopper, which can be used as a spying machine or
for surveillance.

3. History
• First fully controllable R/C model helicopter appeared, built by Dr.
Dieter Schluter of West Germany in the year 1968.
• But first really successful British R/C Auto Gyro, a semi-scale model
of the Wallace Autogiro, was first flown in 1978, ten years after the
first appearance of the R/C helicopter.

4. Radio-controlled helicopters
 Radio controlled helicopter are the choppers which are controlled by
radio signals.
 Small fixed-pitch helicopters need a 4-channel radio
(throttle, elevator, aileron, rudder)Because of the normal interaction
of the various control mechanisms, advanced radios include
adjustable mixing functions, such as throttle/collective and
throttle/rudder.

5. Design
 Construction is typically of plastic, glass-reinforced
plastic, aluminium or carbon fiber. Rotor blades
are typically made of wood, fiberglass or carbon
fiber.
 These model helicopters contain many moving
parts analogous to those on full-size helicopters,
from the swash plate to rotor and everything in
between.
 The construction of helicopters has to be more
precise than for fixed-wing model aircraft, because
helicopters are susceptible to even the smallest of
vibrations, which can cause problems when the

6. Design Cont…
 Auto Rotation Capability – Yes
 Bell Mixing – Yes
 CCPM (Cyclic-Collective-Pitch-Mixing)– Yes 120
degree
 Main Frame Material – Plastic / Tail boom –
Aluminum
 Rotor Diameter – 718mm
 Tail Rotor Diameter – 135mm
 Tail Rotor Drive – Belt Driven
 Weight with battery – 665g

7. Various parts of Helicopter
 Main Rotor
The main rotor blades generate lift by spinning in a clockwise motion and pushing air downward. They
move anywhere from +/-10 degrees pitch.
 Tail Rotor
The tail rotor counteracts the torque of the blades. It pushes air against that torque in a counter
clockwise motion to stabilize the aircraft.
 Landing Gear
The landing gear is better known as the skids, and will not be used directly until you can competently
hover the aircraft

8. Gyro
 The gyro keeps the tail of the helicopter mostly stationary.
 When a gust of wind hit's the helicopter from the side, the
gyro stabilizes the movement.
 It is connected between the rudder servo and the rudder
spot on the receiver.
 Gyro Model used in our project – E-Flite G110 Heading
Hold – Yaw Rate and Gain Remotely Adjustable.

9. Brushless running servo Motor
 It can handle a lot of current, and it will fly the helicopter for
over several minutes.
 The motor has a pinion gear that drives the main gear and a tail
rotor via a belt. It is approximately 1/3 more efficient than the
standard brushed stock motor that comes with the helicopter.
 Motor used in our project – E-Flite 420Heli brushless 3800Kv

10. - ESC - Electronic
Speed Control
 The throttle control is handled by the ESC.
 It provides a smooth power distribution to the motor and
accepts the LiPo style batteries in cut-off voltages and high
current applications.
 The ESC used in our project has a rating of 25 amps max
current.
 BEC - Battery eliminating circuit and it would power the
servos from the flight pack. This ESC lacks that option, so it
is necessary to use a separate 4.8V NiCad to power the
servos.

11. Battery
Motor Battery
 The proposed motor battery to be used in our project will consists of 3 batteries of 1800 mAh,
(11.1V) Li-Po battery. It is rated at 20C continuous discharge.
 The battery is held in place using rubber bands for easy removal and vibration resistance.
Receiver & Receiver Battery
 The receiver which interprets signals from the transmitter needs to be carefully attached the
frame of the helicopter
 In the picture shown, it is wrapped in foam rubber which was supplied with the receiver to
prevent vibrations from destroying it

12. Modulation
Radios emit the FM signal in two types of modulation.
PCM (Pulse Code Modulation )
Pulse Code Modulation is a scheme in which the commanded position for each servo is
transmitted as a digitally encoded number.
PPM (Pulse position modulation )
Pulse position modulation is a scheme in which the commanded position for each servo
is transmitted as the duty-cycle of the transmitted pulses 1 per servo position.

13. -Transmitter Setup
 The signals are mixed in the Transmitter and sent to the
receiver.
 While operating radio it's necessary to work with the
antenna fully extended.
 The transmitter has a circuit that is designed to send a
signal. When it is collapsed, the circuit overloads and will
eventually burn out.
 Receiver Model – Spektrum AR6100e 2.4 GHz DSM2

14. - Transmitter
 The Futaba T9CHP transmitter we will be using has a large LCD screen
on it for programming the helicopter. The voltage may be different, but
that's about it. By setting up, S1, S2 and MDL, these are all timers that
can enable setup to let ourselves know how long we've been flying.

15. - Pitch Curve
 Setting up the pitch curve is not difficult but requires some planning.
 As the collective/throttle stick moves upwards, we need a slow and
smooth movement of the blades.
 The blades need to move to a high enough degree/pitch setting or the
helicopter will not take off. Too much pitch and the blades will stall,
and the helicopter will fall out of the sky.

16. - Throttle Curve
 The throttle curve is mixed with the pitch curve.
 Looking at both graphs at once enables us to see how they
interact with each other. The throttle setting moves upwards
quickly, and stays at a near constant level to achieve flight.

17. - Charging the battery
 To charge the LiPo motor battery (2Ah), we will need a high
current 12VDC source, a closeable fireproof container, an
open area such as a concrete floor, and the charger.
 The box is not airtight because the charger needs fresh air to
remain cool.
 The fan on the charger is noisy, so placing it in a closed box
muffles it pretty well.
 The toolbox setup provides a nearly 100% safe way to
charge the LiPo without any fear of fires.

18. - Wireless camera
 Wireless security cameras are closed-circuit
television (CCTV) cameras that transmit a video and
audio signal to a wireless receiver through a radio
band.

19. Applications
 RC helicopter may be used in the
following fields:-
 Defense surveillance
 Spying
 Grid inspection
 Fire extinguisher
 Mobile Tower inspection
 Metrological inspection

20. Conclusion
 This is an effort to make a prototype of
Surveillance chopper, which can be used as a
spying machine or for general surveillance.
These days are the days of modern
technologies and in order to achieve
supremacy in defence sector, every modern
technology should be adopted by Indian
armed force, this is a prototype of Unmanned
Aerial Vehicle (UAV).

21. Future Scope
 Coil Gun
 GPS can be installed and hence all the
specific location can be retrieved.

23. References
 Wikipedia
 An introductory guide for operating Radio
Controlled Helicopters by MICHAEL
VOICHECK
 RC group tutorial
 Control Systems Engineering, Norman S. Nice
 http://www.rchelicopter.com/2007/11/22/dragan
flyer-uav-vanderbilt-university-drone/
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gumstix