Education system of Pakistan

Education System of Pakistan. Al-Hamd Islamic University
Department BBA.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
S.No Contents Page #
1. Executive Summery: 1
2. Hypothesis 2
3. Introduction 2
4. Objectives 3
5. Explanation 3
i. Formal Education 3
ii. Informal Education. 9
iii. Religious Education. 11
iv. Career Counseling 13
6. Research Methodology 13
7. Sampling 14
8. Education NGOs In Pakistan 14
9. Conclusion. 16
10. Critical Analysis 17
11. Recommendations 18
12. Bibliography. 19
13. Teacher’s Remarks 19

Department BBA.
Executive summery.
The education system of Pakistan is not in good condition there is very low literacy
rate in Pakistan mostly people do not aware from education the advantages of
education. In Pakistan the poverty rate is very high so most of parents want that
their children do any type of job to earn money and financially help them out.
Government policies are not in the favor of education. The conflict arise that in
Pakistan there is two types of education system first one is “Government education
system” and the second one is “Private education system” and there is allot of
difference between these two systems.
Government education system is not costly, poor people can also afford this system
but the standard of government education is very low but the Private education
system is very costly every citizen can not afford private education. Only the
children of rich people can afford private education.
The main problem of inequality of public and private education system from the
last few years there is increase in the growth of private educational institutes which
have caused of discrimination among the students. Regional disparity is an other
problem
Schools of Balochistan is not as groomed as the schools of Punjab. Technical
education is also not concerning in Balochistan. Technical education is not provide
on that level which is required. Educational funds are very low. Ghost schools and
untrained teachers cause flaws in education system of Pakistan. All these issues are
the cause of very low literacy rate in Pakistan.
Education in Pakistan is overseen by the Ministry of Education of
the Government of Pakistan as well as the provincial governments, whereas the
federal government mostly assists in curriculum development, accreditation and in
the financing of research and development. Article 25-A of Constitution of
Pakistan obligates the state to provide free and compulsory quality education to
children of the age group 5 to 16 years. “The State shall provide free and
compulsory education to all children of the age of five to sixteen years in such a
manner as may be determined by law.
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Department BBA.
Hypothesis.
The major reasons of distressed education system of Pakistan which I discussed
with friends and with educational authorities. They suggest these problems if we
overcome these problems then our education system will be change.
 Poverty
 Government policies
 Lack of awareness in parents and students
 Lack of training
 Lack of knowledge
 Lack of opportunities
 Adequate facilities
 Low teaching standard
 Media can play its role
 Schools must be at proper places
 Feudalism must be eradicated
 Free education
 Control the corruption
 Women awareness
 No politics in the educational sector
 Importance of education
 Educational system must be changed
 Follow our Urdu language in place of English
Introduction.
First we should aware from the word education. What does it means it is the act or
process of imparting or acquiring particular knowledge or skills, as for profession.
We can also say that the process of receiving or giving systematic instruction,
especially at a school or university is said to be education.
The concept of education in Islam is not only getting decent earnings but practicing
it in real life for the betterment of the others. It was as a result of application of
knowledge that Muslims were the superpower of the world for twelve centuries.
Knowledge is the most important thing in one’s life. There are two kinds of
knowledge: Religious knowledge and Secular knowledge..both kinds of
knowledge’s are very important for a human being. Secular for this day to day
dwelling and religious for his smooth life on earth and hereafter.
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Department BBA.
Allah Subhanahu wa Ta’ala has commenced the
revelation of the Holy Qur’an by mentioning regarding
the importance of Knowledge,
“Read and your Lord is Most Honorable, who
taught (to write) with the pen, who taught man what
he knew not.”(Qur’an, 96-3-5)
To seek knowledge is a sacred duty; it is obligatory on
every Muslim, male and female. The first word revealed
of the Quran was “IQRA” means READ.
“Are those equal, those who know and those who do not know?” (Al-Zumr,
ayah 9)
Central Idea.
Education system is the backbone of every country similarly it plays very
important role in Pakistan. It provides knowledge to the students that what is good
in our education system and what is bad in our education system. Students should
aware that is the standard of education in the country and specially in the Provence
of Balochistan.
Objectives.
 To provide instruction that maximizes students' learning.
 To understand and support the developmental needs of pupils.
 To aware people about the weaknesses of education system in Pakistan.
 To create awareness about different aspects of education in Pakistan.
 To develop an educational environment that supports students' motivation.
 To provide solutions to educational problems.
Explanation.
Formal Education:
In formal education system, there are a number of stages, which are illustrated in
the diagram and are described briefly below:
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Department BBA.
Pre Primary Schooling: Pre-primary education is functional and managed in
schools through out country. Public schools provide pre-primary education as part
of socialization process. The students attending pre-primary class are called Kachi.
National Education EFA Action Plan Policy, 1998-2010 provided recognition to
Kachi class as proxy for early childhood education. According to National
Education Policy, 1998-2010, the Kachi class will be introduced as formal class in
the primary schools. The age group for pre-primary is 3-5.
Presently, this sector of education accommodates about 46 million students
Primary Education
This stage consists of five classes I-V and
enrolls children of age 5-9 years. Since
independence, the policy makers pronounced
to make primary education free and
compulsory. According to Pakistan
Integrated Household Survey (PIHS) 1998-
99, the gross participation rate was 71
percent in 1999, for male it was 80 percent
and for female it was 61 percent. For urban
female it was 92 and for rural it was 50 percent. The lowest participation rate
observed for rural female in Sindh Province that was 33 percent. The net enrolment
rate was 42 percent, for urban male it was 47 percent and 37 percent for rural
female.
Currently this level has 34% of the total students.
Middle Education
The middle schooling is of three years duration and comprised of class VI, VII and
VIII. The age group is 10-12 years. The participation rate at middle school was
about 34 percent during 2000-2001. Males were 36 percent and females were 33
percent.
This level accommodates 25% of the total students.
High Schooling.
The high school children stay for two years in classes IX and X. The Board of
Intermediate and Secondary Education conducts the examination. A certificate of
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Department BBA.
secondary school is awarded to the successful candidates. The participation rate at
high school was about 22 percent in 2000-2001 of which, 24 percent were males
and 20 percent were females. Vocational Education is normally offered in high
schooling. There are varieties of trades offered to the students and after completion
of the course they get jobs as carpenters, masons, mechanics, welders, electrician,
refrigeration and similar other trades. There are 498 vocational institutions with an
enrolment of about 88 thousand in 2001-2002.
This level accommodates about 20% of the total students. Vocational education is
normally offered in high schooling.
Higher Secondary Education:
The higher secondary stage is also called the “intermediate stage” and is
considered a part of college education. Higher Secondary Education consists of
classes XI to XII. During two years stay in
this cycle of education, a student at the age
of 16 years in this stage can opt for general
education, professional education or
technical education. The Board of
Intermediate and Secondary Education
(BISE) conducts the examination and
awards a Certificate of Higher Secondary
School Education (HSSC). According to
1979 Education Policy, all schools were to
be upgraded to higher Secondary Schools. Middle sections of high schools were to
be linked with primary schools (designating elementary education). This system
has limited success and some problems were experienced. Keeping in view the
problems this system is being introduced gradually.
Higher Education.
To obtain a degree, 4 years of higher education after 10 years of primary and
secondary schooling is required. Students who pass their first-degree stage are
awarded a Bachelor’s degree in arts or science, typically at the age of 19 years. In
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Department BBA.
order to complete an honors course at Bachelor’s degree
level an additional one year’s study is required. Further, a
two years course is required for Master’s degree who have
completed two years Bachelors’ degree. A doctoral degree
requires normally 3 years of study after the completion of
a master’s degree course.
Professional and Technical Education.
The duration of post secondary education varies in technical and professional
fields. The polytechnic diploma is a three-year course. A bachelor’s degree in
medicine (MBBS) requires 5 years of study after intermediate stage (12 years of
schooling). Similarly, a bachelor’s degree course both in engineering and
veterinary medicine is of 4 years’ duration after the intermediate examination.
Examinations are conducted by respective university authorities. This level
accommodates 06% of the total students.
Examination.
Examinations are usually held annually, which
are the main criterion to promote the students
to higher classes or to retain them in the same
class. However, recently a system of
automatic promotion up-to grade-III has been
introduced in some schools. In the primary
classes, examinations are conducted by the
respective schools. However, at the end of the
fifth year of the primary stage a public
examination is held by the education department for promotion to the next grade.
Another examination is held for the outstanding students to compete for the award
of merit scholarships. Similarly, the examination in Middle Schools are held by the
individual schools but there is a public examination at the end of grade VIII
conducted by the Education Department for awarding of scholarships. The Board
of Intermediate and Secondary Education (BISE) conducts the examinations of
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Department BBA.
Secondary and Higher Secondary. The degree level examinations are conducted by
the respective universities.
Literacy Rate In Pakistan According To Provence .
Province
Literacy Rate[29]
1972 1981 1998 2012[1]
Punjab 20.7% 27.4% 46.6% 71%
Sindh 30.2% 31.5% 45.3% 69%
Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa 15.5% 16.7% 35.4% 60%
Balochistan 10.1% 10.3% 26.6% 50%
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Department BBA.
Literacy rate
It needs tobe highlighted that from census to census the definition of literacy has been undergoing a
change, resultantly the literacy figure has vacillated irregularly during the last 5 census. An update of
the five censuses is as under
Year of
census[29]
Male[29]
Female[29]
Total[29]
Urban[30]
Rural[30]
Definition of
being "literate"[29]
Age
group[30]
1951 19.2%[31]
12.2%[31]
16.4% -- --
One who can read a clear
print in any language
All Ages
1961 26.9%[31]
8.2%[31]
16.3% 34.8% 10.6%
One who is able to read with
understanding a simple letter in
any language
Age 5 and
above
1972 30.2% 11.6% 21.7% 41.5% 14.3%
One who is able to read and
write in some language with
understanding
Age 10 and
Above
1981 35.1% 16.0% 26.2% 47.1% 17.3%
One who can read newspaper
and write a simple letter
Age 10 and
Above
1998 54.8% 32.0% 43.9% 63.08% 33.64%
One who can read a newspaper
and write a simple letter, in any
language
Age 10 and
Above
2004 66.25% 41.75% 54% 71%[32]
44%[32]
2012[1]
79% 55% 69.66% 84% 58%
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Department BBA.
Informal Education.
There are millions of people in Pakistan who
have no access to formal education system. It
is not possible for the formal system to meet
educational needs of the rapidly growing
population. Non-formal Basic Education
School scheme has been introduced for those
who have no access to formal education. This
scheme is very cost-effective. Under this scheme primary education course is
taught in forty months. Non-formal schools are opened in those areas where formal
schools are not available. Government provides teacher’s salary and teaching
material whereas community provides school building/room. There are 6371
NFBE schools functioning in the country.
It is very simple to understand Informal Education as informal means unofficial
and it is called informal education because;
 No regular curriculum
 Not obligatory
 No formal certification
The Government can or can not support the whole program as it is mostly refer to
the social base programs. Mostly education/training or awareness for this purpose
is organized outside of the formally school. Most typically, the term or phrase in-
formal education is used to refer to adult literacy and continuing education for
adults.
Structure
In Pakistan, where the government has failed to raise the level of literacy and
education of its people, new hope is coming from the private sector.
"Baithak" schools have cropped up around the country for the past few years.
These schools teach basic literacy skills to children. There is no fee for admission.
All it requires is for a community to provide a place to hold the class (i.e. in a
home, a room in a community center, etc.) and the organizers of the Baithak
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Department BBA.
system will send a part-time teacher for the children. There are currently about
6371 such schools in Pakistan.
The Baithak system is ideal for poorer communities in rural areas, as well as for
children whose parents expect them to work to support their families. These
schools teach children the basic literacy they need. In some cases, the curriculum
of Baithak schools is even better than that found in government or private schools.
Pakistan has a dismal literacy rate of 38 percent. If you divide it up by gender,
males have a 50 percent literacy rate while for females it's 24.4 percent. The 38
percent literacy rate also takes into account all those individuals who can even
write their name. In addition, the total expenditure out of the National Budget
spend on education is a meager 2.5%.
The government has tried to eradicate illiteracy, but government projects for mass
literacy have become administrative and bureaucratic nightmares. This is one of
the reasons why Pakistan hasn't been able to attain its literacy level.
But between the cities and the villages, it is the rural population that suffers the
most. Pakistan's rural population has been largely ignored by efforts at improving
mass literacy. The educational facilities provided by the Pakistani government
have been of a substandard quality with no thought to the people's needs or
advancement.
One can help by paying a Baithak schoolteacher's monthly salary, which comes out
to about $20 US. For $100 one can sponsor five schools, for $200 10 schools, etc.
In this way one will be helping eradicate the sicknesses of literacy from Pakistani
society in a concrete way.
Or one can help provide the location for the school. If he/she know of a village
where few children go to school because they must help support their families by
working, then pay for the establishment of a room or building where these classes
take place.
Of course, there is nothing wrong with supporting an existing organization that is
establishing Baithak schools. In fact, this would be a better idea since one could
bypass all of the organizational and managerial costs one would incur if he/she was
doing this on his/her own.
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Department BBA.
One organization at the forefront of the Baithak school movement is the Karachi-
based Society for Educational Welfare. They have a network of schools in three
provinces: Sindh, Punjab and NWFP. On their website, they have an online
donation process.
Another way one can help is by becoming a teacher in one of Baithak schools. In
fact, SEW encourages individuals to not only help out financially, but also to teach
in their schools or better yet, join their team in Pakistan.
Promoting Informal Education
Mostly this sort of Education, Programs, training needs cost and mostly are being
supported by international organization like World Bank, UNICEF, Red Cross, etc.
Now there is a problem as these organization has their own philosophy and
according to the World Bank, they emphasis that formal education is most essential
and thus illiteracy can be eliminated in a generation or next coming one.
According to others they think that there is more need to work on In-formal
Education because deprived families and children can be accommodated through
the informal education programs. And it will help to reduce illiteracy's percentage.
Religious Education
Also known as “Madrassah
Education”. Side by side with
modern education system there is
also religious education system,
which provides Islamic
education. These institutions
have their own management
system without interference from
either the provincial or federal
governments. However, grants-
in-aid are provided to these
institutions by the government. During 2000 there were 6761 religious institutions
with an enrollment of 934,000, of which 132,000 were female students in 448
institutions. Efforts have been made by the present government to bring the
Madrassah in the mainstream under Education Sector Reforms. The main purpose
of mainstreaming Madrassah is to enlarge employment opportunities for their
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Department BBA.
graduates. Pakistan Madrassah Education Boards are established to regulate the
Madaris activities.
Definitions
Madrasah (Arabic: ‫,ﻣﺪرﺳﺔ‬ madrasah pl. ‫,ﻣﺪارس‬ madāris) is the Arabic word (of
Semitic origin; viz Hebrew midrash) for any type of educational institution,
whether secular or religious (of any religion).
Madrasah ʿāmmah (Arabic: ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣﺪرﺳ‬ ‫)ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬ translates as "public school".
Madrasah ḫāṣṣah (Arabic: ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣﺪرﺳ‬ ‫)ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬ translates as "private school".
Madrasah dīniyyah (Arabic: ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣﺪرﺳ‬ ‫)دﯾﻨﯿﺔ‬ translates as "religious school".
Madrasah ʾIslāmiyyah (Arabic: ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣﺪرﺳ‬ ‫)إﺳﻼﻣﯿﺔ‬ translates as "Islamic school".
Madrasah ǧāmiʿah (Arabic: ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣﺪرﺳ‬ ‫)ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬ translates as "university".
Madrassahs provide free religious education, boarding and lodging and are
essentially schools for the poor. A madrassah student learns how to read, memorize
and recite the Quran properly. Madrassahs issue certificates of various levels. A
madrassah systems university is called Dar Ul Ulum, (usually having hundreds of
students) a primary school a Maktab, (up to fifty students) and an integrated school
with various levels is simply called a Madrassah. The graduating students are
called Huffaz-e-Quran (those who memorize the Arabic text of the Quran) or Qaris
(those who can recite Quranic verses with proper Arabic pronunciation); or those
with advanced theological training are known as Ulema (Religious Scholar).
All madrassahs provide free education and
also offer free boarding and lodging to
students who come mainly from the poorer
strata of society and not necessarily from
the communities they are based in. Some
rich and middle class families also send
their children to madrassahs for Quranic
lessons and memorization where they are
usually day students.
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Department BBA.
Career Counseling:
Today biggest problem in Pakistan is that student
doesn’t know what to do next in his life so he
goes to undirected path and fails in life. There
should be people for career counseling of children
so that they could get to know that what
they have to do in future.
These people should be appointed in both Govt.
and private sectors. Parents should also understand what a child wants to do in life
and they should not impose their decisions on children.
Lets suppose sometimes a child wants to be a doctor but parents try to impose that
he should must become an engineer or sometimes Child wants to become an
Engineer but parents impose that he should become Doctor.
In such cases child loses his heart and stops hard work and passion in his studies
and Try to start Cramming and at the end of the day he becomes a failed person.
Research Methodology.
In Pakistan the education system is in very bad situation from the beginning the
government of Pakistan did not take any serious action on the improvement of
education and the education system becomes the most horrible with the passage of
time. According to the UNESCO the international organization of United Nations
completed their survey in that survey Pakistan ranks 113th among 120 countries
which are registered with United Nations regarding literacy rate, which is projected
to reach 60 percent till 2015 from the existing 55 percent in 2013.
Comparison between the literacy rate of Pakistan and India according to the
UNESCO.
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Department BBA.
1. India's overall schooling rate of 67.4% exceeds Pakistan's 61.9% in 15 and
over age group.
2. Pakistan's primary schooling rate of 21.8% is slightly higher than India's
20.9% of 15+ age group
3. India has a big edge with its secondary enrollment of 40.7% over Pakistan's
34.6%, but India's completion rate at this level is a dismal 0.9% versus
Pakistan's 22.5% of the population of 15+ age group.
4. India's tertiary education enrollment rate of 5.8% is higher than Pakistan's
5.5%, but Pakistan's college and university graduation rate of 3.9% is higher
than India's 3.1% of 15+ age group.
5. Pakistan's combined graduation rate at all three levels is 45.7% versus
India's 22.9% among the population age group of 15 years or older.
6. UNESCO's Global Education Digest shows that, as of 2009, nearly 16% of
Pakistan's adult population has completed higher education, higher than the
figures of 12% for India and 8% for Indonesia among emerging markets.
Sampling.
I discussed education system of Pakistan with many people mostly people are
disappointed from the education system specially students even that many people
left their studies due to disappointment and in Punjab one student committed
suicide on September 13,2014 after the result of Fsc.
I have done a questionnaires survey from different people in which there are some
dull students and some bright students in which there are some government
teachers and private teachers in which there are principal or head of the institute
the most important person I visited is previous vice chancellor of the University of
Balochistan retired Brigadier Gull and his wife who is the principal of Army
Public School and collage.
I have visited different NGO’s who are working on education.
Education NGOs In Pakistan (National Education Foundation)
 Mountain and Glacier Protection Organization (MGPO)
 The Health, Education and Luminous Pakistan (The HELP)
 Diya Pakistan Regd.
 Hamdam Foundation
 Minhaj Welfare Foundation
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Department BBA.
 The Education Service Welfare Association (TESWA).
 Donate Pakistan
 READ Foundation
 HOME® (House of Multiple Education®)Quetta
 Save The People (STP)
Education NGOs In Pakistan (InternationalEducation Foundation)
 UNESCOUnited Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
 UNHCRUnited Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
 USAIDU.S. Agency for International Development
 WASS (Well-Founded Altruistic and Saviours’ Society)
 UNICEFUnited Nations International Children's Emergency Fund
The ministry is also tasked with the administration and regulation of
several attached departments, sub ordinate offices and autonomous organizations
which include the National Vocational & Technical Training Commission
(NAVTTC), Akhtar Hameed Khan – National Centre for Rural Development
(AHK – NCRD), National Training Bureau (NTB), Pakistan Manpower Institute
(PMI), National Talent Pool (NTP), Academy of Education Planning &
Management (AEPAM), Federal Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education
(FBISE), National Commission for Human Development (NCHD), National
Education Foundation (NEF/BECS), National Education Assessment System
(NEAS), National Internship Programme (NIP), Higher Education Commission
(HEC), Pakistan National Commission for UNESCO (PNCU) and Youth Centers
and Hostels.
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Department BBA.
Conclusion.
Education is very important for the development of Pakistan as well as for
improving human capital. The current Pakistan education system has failed to meet
the needs and objectives of society. However, private education sector is
significantly playing its role for the betterment of the education system.
The education system of Pakistan is divided into main five categories; primary,
middle, high, intermediate and university level. Pakistan education system is
managed by the ministry of education and the provincial governments while the
federal government mostly helps in curriculum development, accreditation and in
research funding. The literacy rate in Pakistan ranges from 87% in Islamabad to
20% in province Balochistan. In Pakistan, literacy rates vary from region to region
and by gender. On top of that, Pakistan makes around 445,000 university graduates
every year, out of which 10,000 are computer science graduates.
The Government of Pakistan should have to take some serious action towards the
betterment of educational system. Government should run schools that educate
majority of children; it needs significant reforms and a significant increase in
resources. We can improve the education ministration by decentralization of
decision making. The current Pakistan educational system is highly centralized and
it is clearly understood that the basic education system is better provided in a
system that is controlled at the district levels. A highly centralized system is not
effective to meet the local needs. The government interferes with the flow of
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Department BBA.
resources and information. High level administrators have less time to devote to
important issues like education design, implementation and monitoring.
Furthermore, it is very important to provide better support to supervision and
coordination of the school systems at the district and provincial level. By key
planning and management, central level education organizations can focus on
policy-making resource management and regulation.
Proper implementation of comprehensive literacy program, development of
primary elementary education, improving the quality of education and fostering
private partnerships are a few initiatives that must be taken to improve and revamp
the Pakistan education system.
Critical Analysis:
1. Pakistanis do not believe in the true worth of the education.
2. There is a poor quality of education in Pakistan.
3. There is a poor access to education in Pakistan.
4. Insufficient funds also hinder growth of the education in Pakistan.
Critical analysis at governance or implementation level:
1. There is a lack of coordination among different layers of the education
system.
2. There is a private-public divide.
3. The education is also backward due to feudalism.
4. Corruption is also a problem in education system in Pakistan.
5. Lastly lack of management and planning hinders education development in
Pakistan.
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Department BBA.
Recommendations and the Government steps to overcome the above
problems:
1. The leaders should themselves get education and also disseminate
awareness, regarding education, among the masses.
2. The education policy-2009 envisages improved quality of the education.
3. The education policy-2009 provides for wider access to education.
4. The education policy-2009 promises greater funds for the education.
5. The clear-cut areas should be carved out for each of the layer of the
education system.
6. The education policy-2009 plans to reduce the private-public divide.
7. Governance should be improved.
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Education system of Pakistan

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