IfaS Summer School Curitiba 2010

Institut für angewandtes Stoffstrommanagement (IfaS) 15.03.2010

Contents
Regional Material Flow Modelling and
GHG Inventorying Sustainable development (briefly!)
MFA and LCA
Regional Material Flow Modelling
Material Flow Management
National and regional GHG Inventorying
Summer School Curitiba 2010
P10:water P7:waste
water

March 5-17, 2010, Curitiba
Universidade Positivo, Graduate Program Angel: P1:goods
raw mater ials P11:exported energy

in Environmental Management IT engineer eBusiness T1:Region
P5:emissions
P2:fossil fuels

management IMAT
P1:goods
P3:imported
raw materials
energy

IT = a tool for everything, including
Angel Avadi Material Flow Management P8:imported
water
P9:energy
P4:waste

© Institut für angewandtes Stoffstrommanagement Recognise potentials. Optimise proccesses. Create added-value. © Institut für angewandtes Stoffstrommanagement Recognise potentials. Optimise proccesses. Create added-value.

Sustainable Development Scopes and Tools for Sustainable Development

Firm level Industrial collaboration
“development that meets the needs of the present
Eco-efficiency Industrial Ecology
without compromising the ability of future Cleaner Production (PIUS)
generations to meet their own needs” Industrial Symbiosis
SCP
Brundtland Report (Our Common Future) ,1987, WCED Environmental strategies EIPs, Eco-Industrial
• Bio-cascading Networks
• extended product life
System change from “throughput” to “circular” • reduced material intensity
societies • management practices, etc. Regional SD
Decoupling energy from emissions and engage in Environmental Urban Symbiosis
Management Systems
decarbonisation • ISO14001 RMFM
Bio-mimicry of ecosystems circular flows: no • EMAS • CE, ZE, MFA
waste!

Strategies for Regional Development Regional Material Flow Management

Conventional regional Region is an ideal system to optimise towards
development strategies: sustainability
poverty reduction, Build the Circular Economy (CE) via Zero
canned receipts for Emission (ZE) initiatives
development (e.g.
Washington Concensus) Regional Sustainable Engage in regional value-adding initiatives
UN, OECD, IMF/WB, Development Aim for decentralized, regionally-bound activities
etc MFM: regional value-adding Stimulate synergies among productive activities
strategies (i.e. Industrial Symbiosis)
Pragmatically extends Identify sources of emissions and reduce those
Agenda 21 emissions
Interdisciplinary approach
Modelling regions to understand their material and
Adaptation to specific
energy flows, and then optimise them!!!
conditions

© IfaS 2008 1


MFA and LCA: tools for RMFM Carbon Footprinting for organisations

MFA for systematically assessing flows and stocks CFP: CO2 (GHG) impact of an activity or
of materials within a system product along its whole life cycle
Static depiction, but may lead to id trends of
accumulation/depletion of stocks a single impact category: GWP
Key aspects: energy and socioeconomic factors
Can be used for regional modelling (understanding of
regional dynamics)
Organisations are interested in
Calculate: ISO 14040 (LCA), ISO 14067
LCA for understanding impact of products within a (CFP), PAS2050
system Reduce: energy efficiency, material efficiency
Various impact categories Offset: emission-reducing projects
May lead to region-impacting measures, such as COMMUNICATE!
Industrial Symbiosis initiatives: escalation of positive
impacts!

Suggested concepts hierarchy Objectives of Material Flow Analysis
describe quantitatively the system, delineate it
and overcome its complexity: understand it!
locate pollutants, potentials and unnecessary
cost factors
deeply assess all input/output flows of energy
and materials in the system, including full cost
calculations
identify improvement and innovation potentials
that may lead to a further local development

© Institut für angewandtes Stoffstrommanagement Recognise potentials. Optimise proccesses. Create added-value. © Institut für angewandtes Stoffstrommanagement Recognise potentials. Optimise proccesses. 10
Create added-value.

MFA activities Umberto 5.5 by IFU

Compare towards RMFM approach
• Industrial processes-oriented
(e.g. as practiced by IfaS)
• LCA-oriented modelling tool
• Designed to study Material Flow Networks
• Uses place/transition networks (Petri)
Start with available data (statistics) • Features valuation systems
• Produces mass balances, Life Cycle
Visit main facilities
Inventories and Sankey diagrams
Interview key people! • Ecoinvent-connected
Stakeholder management is a whole • Modules library
science/craft by itself • Umberto for Carbon Footprinting in BETA

Visualise gathered data (MFA software)
Visualisation is key for system change

© Institut für angewandtes Stoffstrommanagement Recognise potentials. Optimise proccesses. 11
Create added-value. © Institut für angewandtes Stoffstrommanagement Recognise potentials. Optimise proccesses. Create added-value.

© IfaS 2008 2


Umberto: industrial MFA Why RMFMo?

The region can be optimised Once simplified, a system
P1: raw materials towards sustainable can be understood and thus
P2: Opp. supplies
development: RMFM improved
P8:preliminary
products Modelling to reduce complexity
via aggregation, abstraction Which impact of economic,
P1: raw materials social and environmental
and idealisation dimensions of the region
T1: Malthouse P3: malt T2: Lorry transport P6:Brewing T3:brewery P7:BEEEER Modelling a region to describe
malt
key material and energy flows
Various approaches to regional
P4:Waste P5:emissions modelling Ideal: economic-
P4:Waste
organisational-ecological
Technical-scientific
Economic-organisational
Could Umberto be used for regional material flow modelling???
Economic-ecological

Critical aspects of RMFMo Umberto challenges to RMFMo

System boundaries Abstraction/aggregation
Regional subsystems to be taken into account Households, Industry and commerce, Public, AFOLU
Integration of social aspects of sustainability, on Energy generation, waste management, waste and
waste water management, transportation, regionally-
top of environmental and economic
relevant materials
Eco-efficiency: dematerialisation of the economy Materials, energy, emissions
Modesty (conservation): sustainable consumption Customisation
Consistency (innovation): composition and effects Pre-defined levels
of materials, chosen/replaced Parameterisation and flow calculation
Desirable
Data issues
Tiered approach from IPCC
Fels, T. and Noell, C. (2001) Managing Sustainable Regional Material Flows:
A Key Issue of Sustainable Development – Contemporary Concepts and Models

Conclusions on Umberto for RMFMo

A region can certainly be modelled, but
Interpretability of Umberto outputs is
questionable and sensitive
Umberto does not seem suitable for GHG
Inventorying
Current version is not very user-friendly (for
programming)
Generated Sankey diagrams are poorly
customisable; thus
Vensim DSS
Additional modelling and simulation tools/
Threshold 21 Model
environments should be explored towards an
GoldSim
integrated RMFM/GHG Inventorying solution
V. Regional modelling with Umberto

© IfaS 2008 3


Why GHG inventorying? GHG Inventorying

Material and energy flows feature associated GHG
emissions 40.000
GWP of anthropogenic GHG emissions perceived Mostly inspired by IPCC/UNFCCC tCO2eq
as a main environmental impact category National, regional, supply chain levels

Inventorying is understanding! Various guidelines
IPCC Guidelines
Inventorying is first step towards reducing/
UNDP/UN DESA Manual
offsetting
US EPA guidelines (AP-42)
CORINAIR Guidebook
Various frameworks and programmes
European Energy Award
Climate Alliance
RAPIDC

Key GHG Inventory design aspects GHG Inventorying tools

Suggested approach: Criteria Interface Data Calculations and Applica- Methodo- Price
Tools boundaries bility logy scheme
IPCC’s tiers. Combination when
Data selection needed/possible (i.e. transportation) ECO2Region, Remote National GHG Based upon IPCC Regions Bottom-up/ Commerc
by Ecospeed application, Inventories + guidelines; Territorial can be top-down ial
Top-down web-based regional data + perhaps cause flexibly combination
Bottom-up principle for energy defined
Suggested approach: and transportation
Combination IPCC principles Territorial, except GEMIS, Standalone Extensive DB which Algorithms probably Regions Bottom-up/ Free,
for Energy (LCA/UNFCCC by Öko-Institut Windows includes more than proprietary, simple top-down public
Boundary setting emission factors-based usage-related application, 8000 processes in and following mostly combination domain
requires over 20 countries linear functions.
Territorial principle emissions) browser
Causal principle CO2 Remote National GHG ? Regions Bottom-up/ Free,
Grobbilanz, application, Inventories top-down public
“Problematic” categories Suggested approach: web-based (Germany, Austria) combination domain
100% IPCC principles emissions by Climate
+ regional data
Energy calculation based upon sold fuel
Alliance Austria
IFEU Excel tool Municipal data + Klimaschutz in Municipalit Bottom-up Project-
Transportation GEMIS for emission Kommunen ies, regions specific
Treibhausgasbil
anz, by IFEU factors guidelines + IPCC
ECO2Region - Balancing Methodology, by Ecospeed SA., Zurich, August 28, 2009
Kennedy et al (2009) Greenhouse Gas Emission Baselines for Global Cities and Metropolitan Regions Institute

Ideal features of a GHG inventorying tool Desired features (IfaS)

applicable at different sizes and complexities of regions Should allow to predict/forecast CO2 development
(cities, towns, rural municipalities); as a reaction to measures
based on easily accessible, available and maintained data, In this context it should show CO2 abatement efficiency
such as official regional or national statistics; per invested monetary unit (e.g. €/tCO2)
easy to use (usability), i.e. based on basic tools like web
browsers or spreadsheets; Should be user-friendly and suitable for scenario-
flexible as to accommodate estimations when specific building (as opposite to Umberto)
detailed figures are unavailable (i.e. regarding Should be some kind of regional investment and
transportation); policy setting steering tool
a combination bottom-up with top-down approaches;
Should be designed for evaluating various GHG
coherent regarding boundaries setting (i.e. IPCC or LCA
abatement potentials and predict changes ex ante
approach to energy and transportation emissions); and
based on trustable emission factors information sources.
IfaS CO2 balancing tool for regions
eea (2008) BALANCE – globally, evaluate locally: Additional features for the European Energy Award®

© IfaS 2008 4


RMFM approach (IfaS)

1. Informal data gathering (internet and literature-based) and
preliminary analysis of the region
2. Kick-off meeting(s) with pre-defined stakeholders. Stakeholder
analysis is to be performed along the whole process. Settle a
MFM board of trustees, with power to make decisions.
3. Information, motivation, training of decision makers and key
actors in the system, towards the ideal (vision) of a Circular
Economy.
4. Formal data gathering and Material Flow Analysis (MFA) of the
system, previous definition of the system boundaries . MFA
should focus on the urban systems, main economic drivers, and
explore possibilities for interplay and circular material and energy
IfaS: http://stoffstrom.org
flows, as well as in the energetic and material utilisation of
“wastes”.
IMAT: www.imat-master.de

RMFM approach (IfaS) Steps for CFP and offseting

4. (cont) Main goal: to understand and describe the system CFP or LCA to accurately determine the current carbon footprint
(especially its real operation costs), for which IT and diagramming Identification of hot-spots in terms of energy consumption and associated
tools are to be used (Sankey and block diagrams, modelling CO2-emissions (energetic transparency)
tools, the Umberto MFA package, etc.) Network analysis should Where possible, changing to another electricity company to switch to
identify the current interplay relations and potentials. buying electricity from renewable sources: wind turbines, solar panels,
5. Define concrete optimisation potentials and craft sustainable biomass-to-energy, hydroelectric plants
ideas towards it. Consider financing mechanisms Optimisation of energy efficiency and, thus, reduction of CO2-emissions
and reduction of other GHG emissions contributed from production
6. Craft a Master plan, stating the optimisation/development vision processes
for the system and both the strategy (programs) and tactics
Identification of solutions to neutralise the CO2 emissions that cannot be
(concrete projects, featuring financial aspects and project eliminated by energy efficiency measures. This last step includes carbon
management) to achieve it. offsetting; investment in projects that aim at the reducing CO2 emissions,
7. Founding an MFM firm (public or public-private partnership) to for instance LULUCF, carbon trading, etc.
deal with the projects implementation, involving the MFM-Team
and the MFM board.

Offseting ideas

Renewable energy: wind, solar, hydro, biomass to energy
Methane collection and combustion: flaring and biogas
Energy efficiency: co-generation, energy-efficient buildings, fuel
efficiency/substitution, energy transparency, PIUS measures
Destruction of industrial pollutants: suitable for CDM, but perhaps
leading to “evil” incentives
LULUCF projects (Land use, land-use change and forestry)
Purchase of carbon allowances from emissions trading schemes
Links with emission trading schemes: after accredited by
UNFCCC, a project can be linked to EUETS, KP, voluntary
markets.

© Institut für angewandtes Stoffstrommanagement Recognise potentials. Optimise proccesses. Create added-value.

© IfaS 2008 5

IfaS Summer School Curitiba 2010

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