Plastic bottles were developed in the early 20th century and became widely used after World War II. The key materials used are polyethylene terephthalate (PETE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), and polypropylene (PP). These materials are chosen based on their properties like strength, flexibility, and barrier effectiveness. Plastic bottles are manufactured using blow molding processes and come in various colors, shapes, and sizes to suit different applications like water, soda, detergents and more. However, plastic waste is an environmental issue as most plastics do not decompose and recycling rates need improvement.

1. Integrated Term Project PLASTIC BOTTLES

4. Plasticity Stress- Strain Curve: Ductile Material Non Ductile Material

6. Physical & Chemical Property Properties LDPE HDPE Melting Point 115 0 C 135 0 C Crystallinity Low Crystallinity High Crystallinity Flexibility High Low Strength Low High Heat Resistance Good to use at NTP Useful above 100 0 C Transparency Good Less transparent than LDPE

7. Properties LDPE HDPE Density 0.91-0.94 g/cm 3 0.95-0.97 g/cm 3 Chemical Bonding Covalent bond & vander waal forces of attraction Covalent bond & vander waal forces of attraction Toxicity low toxicity low toxicity Molecular Mass 20000 - 500000 3100000 - 5670000 Reactivity Chemically Inert Chemically Inert Schematic Diagram

10. Plastic Bottle Material Code

11. PROPERTIES PETE HDPE PVC LDPE PP PS TRANSPARENCY CLEAR TRANSLUCENT TRANSLUCENT TRANSLUCENT TRANSLUCENT CLEAR MAX. TEMP 140F 248F 158F 176F 275F 158F BRITTLENESS TEMP 14F -148F -22F -148F 32F 72F MOISTURE BARRIER GOOD EXCELLENT FAIR GOOD EXCELLENT FAIR SUNLIGHT BARRIER GOOD FAIR FAIR FAIR FAIR FAIR OXYGEN BARRIER GOOD POOR GOOD POOR POOR FAIR TENSILE STRENGTH 8000 4000 5000 2000 5000 6000 FLEXIBILITY SEMI SEMI RIGID FLEXIBLE RIGID RIGID IMPACT RESISTANCE EXCELLENT EXCELLENT GOOD EXCELLENT GOOD FAIR

17. Industrial Visit INITIAL HEATER HOOPER

18. Industrial Visit DIGITAL CONTROLLER INJECTION MOULDING

19. Industrial Visit COLOUR MIXER GRINDER

22. Thank you.