1. The document discusses different types of shapes including natural shapes found in nature, intelligent or artificial shapes designed by humans, and basic geometric shapes used in graphic art like triangles, squares, and circles. 2. It describes how shapes can have different levels of likeness to the original subject from low to high degrees of likeness, and how graphic elements like lines are used to define shapes. 3. Key shape characteristics are discussed such as regular versus irregular shapes, positive versus negative spaces, and the three parts that make up a shape - the contour, silhouette, and enclosed space.

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9. Gustave Eiffel: Torre Eiffel, París, 1887-1889