John Locke, Thomas Jefferson, Montesquieu

1. Founding a Nation
Foundations, War, and More!

2. What is a colony?

3. Definition
Colony – A new settlement or
territory established and governed
by a country in another land.

4. I. New England Colonies
a. States
1. Maine, New Hampshire,
Massachusetts,
Connecticut, Rhode Island
b. Who?
1. From 1630-1643 more than
20,000 Puritans left Europe
to settle in New England.
2. Small town communities.
3. Puritans founded Harvard.
4. Majority of population was
in the New England
colonies.

5. Continued…
c. Why?
1. Religious freedom.
2. Wanted a “pure” society.
STRICT (no card games)
d. Economy
1. Farming, logging, ship
building, and fishing.
2. Trade became center of
economy because of its
many ports. ONLY with
England.

6. II. Middle Colonies
a. States
1. New York, New Jersey,
Delaware, Pennsylvania.
b. Who?
1. The Dutch controlled “New
Netherland.”
2. English take over in 1664.
Quakers later settled from
England.
3. Diversity in the region.

7. Continued…
c. Why?
1. Religious Freedom
2. Make money
d. Economy
1. Better land for farming than
New England.
2. Large harbors connected
with many deep rivers
making it easy to export and
import within the
communities.

8. III. Southern Colonies
a. States
1. Maryland, Virginia, North
Carolina, South Carolina,
Georgia.
b. Who?
1. Wealthy Catholics looking
for refuge.

9. Continued…
c. Why?
1. Religious Freedom
2. Make money
d. Economy
1. Plantations: Tobacco,
Cotton, and Rice
2. Indentured Servants 
Slavery
3. Trade with England

10. The Great Awakening
Morals and Politics

11. Moral or Political?
 Gay Marriage?
 Health Care?
 Abortion?
 Immigration?

12. Moral vs. Political
 Moral issues deal with right or wrong conduct
based on someone’s beliefs
 Political issues deal with the government of a
country and its people
 Moral and political ideas are often mixed
together

13. Definition…
 The Great
Awakening
was a
religious
revival that
spread
through the
Colonies

14. I. When?
 The Great Awakening
occurred in the 1730s
and 1740s CE

15. II. Why did it happen?
 People had lost
religious passion
 Religion seemed
distant to the people
 Colonists looked for
religious renewal

16. III. What happened?
 Churches
split up over
religious
arguments
 50,000
more
people join
churches

17. Do Now:
 Analyze this quote and summarize what it means to
you.
 All mankind... being all equal and
independent, no one ought to harm another
in his life, health, liberty or possessions.
- John Locke

18. Cause and Effect:
Growing Apart
-From BFF to Enemies-

19. Background
 In 1735, the 13 colonies
are growing quickly
 Colonists consider
themselves English
citizens and are loyal to
England

20. Cause: The Great Awakening
 Preachers traveled
through the 13 colonies
spreading their
message to colonists in
the 1730s
 Guys like Jonathon
Edward and George
Whitefield wanted to
inspire people to go to
church again
 Talked about God seeing
everyone as equal

21. Cause: Enlightenment
 18th century European
movement
 Democracy and rights to
individuals.
 Believed in you are born
with Natural Rights and
that government should
protect the people.
 John Locke and Thomas
Hobbes

22. Effect: Revolutionary Ideas
 Colonists take
religious ideas and
began to question
England and talk
about being treated
as equals
 Colonists begin to
think of themselves as
“Americans” because
they all feel connected
by the Great
Awakening

23. Cause: French and Indian War
 Long and
expensive war,
England vs.
France, ends in
1763
 England gains lots
of new land
 Colonists help
England win the
war

24. Effect: Tax Time!
 England is broke because of
the war
 Decides to tax the colonies
without asking
 Stamp Act in 1764 puts taxes
on all papers
 Townshend Act in 1767 lets
English troops live in
colonial houses for free
 Tea Act in 1773 puts a large
tax on tea
 Colonists very upset because
they have no say in taxes

25. Cause: Proclamation of 1763
 Proclamation of 1763
saves new land won form
France for Indians without
asking the colonists
 England hopes this will stop
fighting between colonists
and Indians

26. Effect: Colonists Get Mad
 Colonists very upset
by Proclamation of
1763 because they
thought England won
the new land for them
to farm
 Colonists break the
rules set by England
and begin moving onto
Indian lands
 English troops begin
burning colonial houses
on Indian lands

27. End Result
 By 1776, 13 colonies are
still growing quickly
 Colonists are upset
with how England has
treated them unfairly
just because they live
in the colonies
 Many colonists start to
call themselves
“Americans”

28. The Road to War
-The 13 Colonies vs. England-

29. Protesting England
 After the Stamp Act 1764,
secret groups were formed
to protest English taxes
and laws
 Sons of Liberty spread
through the colonies and
held violent protests

30. Trouble in
Massachusetts
 Boston Massacre 1770 - 5
Americans killed by English
soldiers
 Boston Tea Party protests the
Tea Act in 1773
 England makes new laws
called Intolerable Acts to
punish Massachusetts

31. Colonies Come Together
 The 13 Colonies hold
a meeting in
Philadelphia in 1774
 Called the First
Continental
Congress
 Colonies agree to not
trade with England
and train their own
American soldiers

32. The Shooting Starts
 Massachusetts rebels
against England
 Second Continental
Congress forms the
Continental Army in
1775
 American army led by
George Washington

33. T. Paine: Common Sense
 Book called “Common
Sense” written by
Thomas Paine in early
1776
 Told Americans all
monarchs (kings) were
bad and had to go
 Said America should
follow its own destiny

34. Mr. A says…
 The Great Awakening: A religious revival in the 13
Colonies
 Sons of Liberty: A group formed to protest English
taxes and laws in the colonies
 Proclamation of 1763: Reserved the land west of the
13 Colonies for Indians
 Stamp Act: British tax on colonial paper products that
led to big protests
 Declaration of Independence: A document that said
the colonies were free and independent

35. Declaration Remix
 Rewrite the Declaration of
Independence as a letter
 This will be 5-paragraphs
 Imagine you are an American
explaining the Declaration to your
cousin in England…

36. Declaration Letter Format
 Preamble
 Explain why you are writing
 The Right of People to Control their Government
 Explain what rights you believe people have
 Tyrannical Acts of the British King
 List and explain at least 5 things the king did
 Efforts of the Colonists to Avoid Separation
 Explain what you tried to do to avoid war
 The Colonies are Declared Free and Independent
 Sum up what will change now that you are independent

37. Convincing America
Why did they fight?

38. All In!
 Continental
Congress meets
again in 1776
 Declaration of
Independence
issued on July 4,
1776
 A new country is
declared

39. Reasons for Splitting Up
 Thomas Jefferson wrote
the Declaration of
Independence
 Stated reasons the
colonies had to break
away from England
 Said that the king of
England had violated
their rights in the
Magna Carta from 1215

40. But Why?!
Purpose
 To tell King George that he
no longer controlled them.
 List out all the reasons they
were going to become
independent.
 Tell the world that they were
not a new country.
Rationale
 King George continued to
ignore colonists rights.
 Told King George all the
rights he took away.
 The world now knew that the
colonies were standing up
against the most powerful
country in the world.

41. The Colonists
 9 out of 10 American
colonists were farmers
 The rest lived in small
towns and cities

42. Loyalty
 Many Americans felt
connected to their colony
 The people of the colonies
elected their own
representatives to colonial
assemblies (governments)

43. Mixed Feelings
 Also considered themselves
English citizens
 Believed Magna Carta and
English Bill of Rights applied to
them
 Magna Carta limited kings
power, English Bill of Rights
limited the king even more

44. The Declaration
 Declaration of
Independence spread to
the colonies
 Declaration posted and
read in towns and cities

45. Who joined?
 Continental Army starts
recruiting men and money
 Asks colonists to fight for
freedom under George
Washington
 45% of Americans were
convinced to support
Revolution
 30% stayed loyal to England

48. English Bill of Rights
and the Magna Carta
Rights colonists grew used to…

49. I. Magna Carta
 Gave nobles more
power, king less.
 If King did not follow
rules the nobles
would not obey him.
 No “freeman” can be
punished except
through law of the
land.

50. II. English Parliament
 Many countries model
their government after it.
 Lawmaking body of
England, consisting of
reps. from kingdom.
 Power from Magna
Carta

51. III. English Bill of Rights
 Only the people’s
representatives could
make taxes or laws
 King had to follow and
enforce the law
 Could tell the King what
was wrong without him
getting mad (petition)
 Trial by Jury

53. American or Roman?

54. American or Roman?

55. American or Roman?

56. American or Roman?

57. American or Roman?

58. American or Roman?

59. American or Roman?

60. American or Roman?

61. I. Republic
 Form of government
in which the people
have control over
the government and
the head of the
government is not a
monarch
(king/queen).

62. Liberal Principles/Thinkers
 Enlightenment Thinkers
=Liberal Thinkers
 Thought everyone was
born with natural rights
 “life and liberty”
 Government should
protect its people.
 REPUBLIC!