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TownsEnd
Homes: Little Things that
                                Make A Big Difference
We offer here a thumbsketch of many features we have dem-            architects will advice you on the elevations and profiles. Re-
onstrated at TownsEnd. Our effort is to showcase as many al-         member that the larger the openings for windows and doors,
ternate, exciting and enduring technologies as we can. The           the higher is your cost.
entire effort is aimed at only one thing – how do we persuade        These pages offer many variations we have worked upon.
you to adopt these cost effective and aesthetically attractive       3. The roofs. – You can employ many types of roofs as you
systems of architecture in your own homes.                           will see in the houses people have built at Trans Indus and now
The pictures here demonstrate well the use of these traditional      at TownsEnd or in our other campus, WildGrass, at Mysore.
materials. What you don’t see in the pictures is the bit of engi-    Typically, they are – hollow clay block roofs with pre-stressed
neering we have had to bring into the restoration as well as         clay channels or concrete rafters; Kadapa slab roofs with a
into the construction of these structures.                           thin sheet of concrete that uses minimum steel and cement;
You will see in this presentation how you could cleverly adopt       ferro-cement roofs for flat and sloped roofs. For the first floor
many of these materials, and engineering skills into your own        roofs where you are sure you are not going to build on top,
homes with dramatic effect.                                          you could use double tiled roofs or singled tiled roofs with a
Building alternate requires attention. It also requires more time    grid in wood or steel. There are a few other variations that can
than conventional structures. This is because you give your-         be effectively used for roofs in your house. We can discuss
self the opportunity to add a few things beyond what you plan.       that in detail if you wish.
As a building comes up, many things strike you. Many ideas           4. The floors – We have usually opted for material that re-
need reworking. This will require a patient architect and pa-        quires very little energy in the making of it. For eg, natural
tience from you. You also need a contractor who is willing to        stone which requires no energy in the making is preferred to
live with a little madness.                                          ceramic tiles which is highly energy intensive. The following
In the planning of TimeOut we used more common sense and             are floor options which can lend elegance to your house – Pol-
BCIL’s cumulative knowledge of resources and much less ar-           ished Kadapa or Kota slabs; terracotta tiles, Bethamcherla
chitectural skills. You will see that in building your homes, your   natural stone in different colour tones, Shahbad, Athanagudi
demands will be much the same.                                       (green and brown), machine sliced grey granite (polished or
Let us spend a few minutes on how you go about building your         rough-hewn), polished granite in a few shades (a more expen-
home. It’s important that you find the right architect. In turn,     sive option), marble (also an expensive option). There are
he should help you find the right contractor. The architect has      choices like sandstone which are unique, add elegance but are
to be excited by these values and should have had the experi-        expensive.
ence of doing such homes.                                            5. Wood work for windows and doors – You could avoid
BCIL has enjoyed working with In Antis, a firm of architects         wood and save cost while being environment friendly. Go with
headed by the talented Mr. Anup Naik whose age belies the            metal frames that are available with lovely finishes these days,
experience and insight he brings into planning a home and            and at costs that are attractive. If you insist on wood, go with
incorporating exciting elements that can bring warmth and            treated jack wood and neem wood. Another option is to buy
natural appeal to your house.                                        antique doors and windows, and save on fresh wood purchase.
BCIL also has had the pleasure of working with a few other           If you can afford it, you can use wood for staircase treads, and
such architects who are part of a panel of Architects.               for flooring of small areas like the study, and so on.
You are at liberty to work with Mr. Anup Naik or with any of the     The few other things that you need to take care of are – floors
empanelled architects of BCIL. If you know any one else on           and walls of washrooms, counters and wash basins, the type
your own who can create your home for you, that will be even         of faucet fittings and sanitaryware; the external facades, paint-
more wonderful since TownsEnd will gain from any new talent.         ing of internal walls, and so on.
Remember, we are always willing to share our knowhow and             The costs
experience with you or your architect.                               When you work with an architect, please get a cost and quan-
The important thing is that you simplify the way you look at         tities sheet with these five segments clearly marked out. The
your house. There are only five main aspects to a house.             other things will not cause you much concern on costs. The
1. Plinth and Foundation. – Before you get on with this you          only other element that you need to check with the architect,
must ensure that you have made your final call on the size of        and check carefully, is the cost of structural elements. Most
your house and of every space you seek. To make any change           often architects themselves cannot be certain of this cost. But
after the foundation is done can prove to be difficult, or expen-    you need to persist and secure an educated estimate before
sive.                                                                you begin work on your home.
2. The Walls – There are many types of walls you can build.          From here on, it is a professional contractor, and careful su-
We recommend a functional blend of soil cement blocks, hol-          pervision. Between the architect and you, this needs to be
low and solid clay blocks, and moulded concrete blocks. The          achieved just so to get the house the way you want it.
AT INFRASTRUCTURE LEVEL
     ..…TimeOut…..
   The leisure amenities                        Energy




       TownsEnd                                                              Sustainability




BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION (INDIA) LTD.
  ACADEMY FOR MOUNTAIN ENVIRONICS
                                                Water


         AT BUILT LEVELS
                                                   CREATIVE LAND USE
   Aesthetic


                                            ¨      Healing of degraded lands to health

                                            ¨      Technology — energy / water
                           Conservation
                                            ¨      Built environment




   Building Materials


                                                         SENSITIVITIES
      STEWARDSHIP OF LAND
                                                          – ON HOMES
                           Restoring the
                                                                  ¨ Building systems
                           earth’s skin
                                                                       that reduce use of
                           - Adding value
                                                                       cement and structural
                           to   the habi-
                                                                       steel.
                           tat.
                           - Creating                                  ¨ Identifying and use
                           awareness of                                of local skills and
                           the immediate                               human resources
                           environment                                 ¨ Use of low energy
                           - Mapping of                                building materials and
                           Flora & Fauna                               effective natural
                           - Restoring                                 lighting and ventila-
                           land’s water                                tion.
                           resources                                   Use of non-forest
                                                                       timber— avoid teak
SENSITIVITIES                                 HELPING TRADITION MEET
      – ON INFRASTRUCTURE                                THE CONTEMPORARY . . .
                          ¨ Roads
                             - Enzyme based
                                roads.
                              - Sand-based
                                clay block
                                paving.
                              - Sand-based
                                stone paving.
                          Walkways made to
                          ensure
                          the land breathes.
                          Recycling of build-
                          ing
                          industry waste.                            THE ENTRY

        THE ARCHITECTURE
                                                              DESIGN IDEOLOGY
  - AN INSIGHT INTO TOWNSEND

 ¨ Design Ideology.
    1.Transition as a theme.
    2.Frames as insights ~ visual connectors.
    3.Water ~ as a medium of reflection

 ¨ Alternate Technology as a Frontier.
   1.Stabilised Compressed Earth Blocks.
   2.Composite Ferro cement System.
   3.Reclaimed Timber.
   4.Non Forest Timber.
   5.Reducing usage of ceramic and extreme
    process …..based finishing materials.                           The beginning…..
    6.Usage of MS sections for window.



     TRANSITION AS A THEME                          FRAMES AS INSIGHTS ~ VISUAL
                                                           CONNECTORS
¨ Transition is
emphasized with light                                                     ¨ Frames are
as an element ~ an                                                        used intention-
intentional design                                                        ally, to accen-
parameter.                                                                tuate the green
¨ Transition in the                                                       outdoors.
sense of material
usage has also been                             ¨ Frame as in a picture
taken particular care
                                                frame, has been used as a
of ~ a softer feel on
                                                precursor to a lot of the
the walls to a harder
                                                spaces which unfolds beyond
and raw and rugged
                                                it. This sets off a constant
feel on the floors.
                                                dialogue for the visitor with
                                                the surroundings.
BUILT ENVIRONMENT                                              BUILDING YOUR HOME
    1] Blend traditional knowledge systems and                                QUESTIONS WE NEED TO ASK
       contemporary engineering
    2] make every home an example of successful                         * How to reduce energy use with better
       mainstreaming of alternate think directions
                                                                          specs and optimal design without
       in building, land and water management,
       and energy use                                                     compromising performance
                                                                        * How to increase local content to avoid
                                                                          transport energy
                                                                        * How to integrate passive energy
                                                                          components into buildings – skylights,
                                                                          materials.
                                                                        * How to understand life cycle energy cost
                                                                          of materials ( manufacture, transport,
                                                                          construction, use, demolition & disposal)

              BUILDING YOUR HOME                                                  BUILD MATERIALS
 1] How do we offer blend of traditional                                                    Walls
   knowledge systems and contemporary
   engineering
 2] How do we make the homes an example of
   successful mainstreaming of an array of
   alternate think directions in building, land and
   water management and energy use


                                                                       Country bricks
                                                                       Vertical shaft kiln bricks    * interlock earth
                                                                       blocks * stone masonry * composite works
                                                                       * clay blocks — solid & hollow
                                                                       * Soil stabilized blocks * concrete blocks – solid
                                                                       & hollow


    STABILIZED COMPRESSED EARTH
               BLOCKS




¨ SCEB are made of mud, stabilized
with 5% cement and compacted in a
block making machine, and naturally
baked by the sun.                           ¨ SCEB have compres-
¨ It is as good a walling material as       sive strength of 30Kg/
burnt bricks and is economical, stronger,   sq.cm.
energy saving and simple to make.           ¨ At this strength the
¨ The sheen on the walls is a protec-       erosion on the blocks is           Twisted piers that add structural
tive uv-resistant poly coat that keeps      greatly reduced                    Strength and lend to aesthetics.
the walls from eroding.
Hollow clay block walls
                                                    Saving on downstream costs and labour
     Walls raised without mortar and with                      Thermal insulation
     concrete bands at sill, lintel and roof          Final overcoat of a polycoat wash
                    Levels.                         that is U.V. Resistant and enhances life




              Exposed brick work                         Mud plastering for external walls
               With dry masonry                            that last minimum 4-5 years.
          Traditional mud scaffolding                   The only improvisation is use of the
             and screed concrete                   U.V. Resistant polycoat wash to enhance life




   Traditional aesthetics with contemporary
     materials — the walls are stone butch.
                                                  Blends of terra cotta, ferro concrete rafters,
The columns are RCC — tie beam is ferro cement
                                                 and stone — good examples of the old blending
         — column brackets are in steel
                                                                  with the new.
           — The roof is kadapa slabs
Stairways in dressed or rough-hewn stone                      Neem and jackwood railings,
                with no risers —                                      in place of steel
    They cost less, and take elegant forms.


                   FLOORS

Traditional, natural materials make least environ-
ment impact — no energy in manufacture
Bethamcherla — tandoor — kotah — shahabad —
oxide floors executed the traditional way with
egg white and iron oxide and cement —
athanagudi — also indian pine wood with cashew
oil or linseed oil treatment                                              ROOFS
— Replace energy-inefficient industrial ceramic           6 variations of these roofs can be tried
tiles with natural slate or terra cotta — ensure              — They save 30% on roof costs
that the slate is water-resistant with surface               — Structural steel used is minimal
treatment that enhances performance                       — It can deal with spans up to 15 feet
                                                      — The screed concrete needed is only 2-3 inches
- Not to speak of conventional options
                                                             You can stack two more floors .




 These roofs are with Kadapa slabs and ferro
                                                                Hollow clay blocks for roofs.
      cement rafters in place of wood
                                                     These can be executed at as little as Rs 70 per sft.
VAULTS

                                                                                                    We have con-
                                                                                                    stantly explored
                                                                                                    new forms. This
                                                                                                    country tile is
                                                                                                    typical of the Tamil
                                                                                                    Nadu countryside
                                                                                                    – not seen as
                                                                                                    much in Karnataka.
                                                                                                    The blend of earth
                                                                                                    walls, terra cotta
                                                                                                    and the unimpos-
                                                                                                    ing metal truss
         Single tiled roofs and double tiled roofs                                                  heralds a ‘soft’
          — Where you are not building above,                                                       entry to the
        use double tiles with steel truss or wood                                                   TownsEnd campus.
                           truss


    Composite ferrocement systems




¨ CFS is simple to construct and made
of ferrocement i.e. rich mortar rein-     ¨   Ferro cement
forced with chicken and welded wire       channels and shells
mesh. These reduce the thickness of       provide an eco-         All these options are sensitive to land they belong to.
roof slabs while allowing larger spans.   nomic solution to the          They meet criteria of durability and cost .
CFS are trough shaped and are inte-       RCC slab by provid-
grated to any vertical structural sys-                                    Make sunshades in granite — avoid RCC
                                          ing 30 – 40% cost
tem. They act as a permanent skin.        reduction.                   Mud plaster will hold due to surface treatment




                                                                              Stone and steel pergolas
Non Forest Timber                                                Non Forest Timber




¨ Areca Poles are used as
compound walls, which not        ¨ Here Bamboo is used as
                                 a pergola, offering great     ¨ The Entire spa has been         ¨ Cane has been used as a semi
only enhances the aesthetic                                    constructed using Pine wood,      roof covering, which again lends
value, but provides a new in-    light and shade quality,
                                                               which again is non-forest         itself to great flexibility in de-
sight into alternate use of      which very easily replaces    timber.                           sign.
material.                        any concrete or steel form.   ¨ Pine wood has great struc-      ¨ When cane is given a slight
¨ Since these poles are          ¨ These are forms that are    tural strength and is least       curvature it attains greater
treated it increases life span   demonstrated here prima-      affected by termites.             structural strength.
of the material.                 rily to excite TownsEnd-ers   ¨ Pine wood weathers very         ¨ These are elements, again,
¨ It also adds to renewable      to try these tested options   well, and has the least con-      that you could use in homes with
factors.                         for their own homes.          traction and expansion co-        dramatic impact.
                                                               efficients.


               Reclaimed timber                                This column is an
                                                               example of use of
    This stately main door gives the house a
                                                               reclaimed wood
             distinct traditional look.
                                                               — They don’t
                                                               warp, they take
                                                               polish,
                                                               Carpenters are
                                                               happy working
                                                               with them
                                                               — Be careful in
                                                               the reclaimed
                                                               wood you buy
                                                               — Avoid encour-
                                                               aging demolition
                                                               of sites
                                                               of heritage value



              Reclaimed timber                                     Non process-based or zero energy
                                                                           finish materials.
                                     ¨ Use of renew-
                                     able timber goes
                                     a long way in
                                     protecting felling
                                     of forest lands.
                                     ¨ It adds a new
                                     dimension to ar-
                                     chitecture and             ¨ Rough hewn stone is used
                                     aesthetics of              as column supports, which
                                     any building.              add greatly to visual quality.         ¨ Clay tiles with a coat of
                                                                ¨ The entrance bay is high-            PU is used for the wet ar-
                                                                lighted with perforated paver          eas.
                                                                blocks, granite trims and tra-         ¨ The high-energy-using
                                                                ditional stone butch work and          ceramic tiles are used only
                                                                mud plastered walls.                   as highlights.
Non process-based or zero energy                                 Materials Lend to Aesthetics
        finish materials.




¨ Kadapa Floor with com-        ¨ Silver oak billets have been
posite granite grit trims has   used as corbels on the exte-
been used.                      rior walkways alongside the
¨ Kadapa has a versatile        pool, after treating them with
outdoor and indoor use          bitumen for termite resis-
property which can be left      tance. The patchquilt of wood,
as cut hewn or polished.        turf-grass and pebble lends a
                                new aesthetic dimension.


                                                                      ROADS & WALKWAYS

                                                                                            ¨ - Enzyme based
                                                                                            roads.
                                                                                            - Sand based
                                                                                            clay block paving.
                                                                                            - Sand based
                                                                                            stone or corbelled
                                                                                            paving.
                                                                                            Walkways made
                                                                                            to ensure
                                                                                            the          land
                                                                                            breathes.
                                                                                            Recycling       of
            Signages employ waste wood                                                      building industry
               that is treated to last                                                      waste.




                                                                       Waste granite pieces are used
      The entire deck, vertical columns and roof                        instead of flagging concrete
           truss has been built with babul,                               for homes and pathways
                  a non-forest timber                            — all around the campus are examples of
        — Critical to long-term performance is                      such use of material that is waste
               again surface treatment.                                       for some industry
The consciously created split levels lead
up to the spa on the far side. The check-
                                                         Campus lighting avoids
erboard of colours that the materials lend
                                                         conventional material
 to the area shows the richness of tradi-
               tional styles.




    Quarry waste has been used with
 dry mortar for lending aesthetic to land        Use waste casuarina and eucalyptus wood
   — Land management and aesthetic                     for fencing in as many parts
           have to hold hands                                 of the campus




          Street lights blend steel
              and terra cotta                       Roofs for most semi-open spaces
                                                         can be traditional thatch
                                             — They cost little, and need nominal maintenance
A traditional door executed in a sub-species
of Jackwood — the surface treatment is the key to                    Another option on walls
                    its durability.


                                                                       TECHNOLOGY




                                                      All plans relate to —

                                                                       - Energy

                                                                       - Water
                                                                       - Ecological landscaping
    Stone is a good option for walls — using
                     stone cubes
   costs as little as normal brick masonry, and
      offer cost and aesthetic advantages.



   STRUCTURAL SLAB COOLING                                                HISTORY
 FROM DESIGN PEOPLE ENGINEERS
                                                    The use of radiant heating
     Gentle temperature conditioning system,        and cooling is not new. The
                                                    Romans, 2000 years ago,
     exchanges thermal energy to the space
                                                    used under-floor radiant
         through convection & radiation.            heating and thermal mass
                                                    heat storage. In Turkey,
                                                    stream water was run
                                                    through channels in walls
                                                    and floors to cool palaces
                                                    in the warm summers. Even
                                                    Akbar used it at Fatehpur
                                                    Sikri.
                                                    In the 1930s, architect
                                                    Frank Lloyd Wright piped hot
                                                    water through the floors of
                                                    many of his buildings.
THE SYSTEM
                                                    COOLING SYSTEM: TOWNSEND

Surface cooling systems
where the water tubes
are placed in the roof slab                       Air base geothermal
absorbs the heat from                             cooling for HourGlass, the
heat sources in a room.                           Bar Lounge at TownsEnd.

The slab absorbs the heat
and exchanges it with the
circulating water.

The warm water is then                            Water based slab cooling
pumped here to the pool                           for conference areas
fresh, cool water from the
below ground is circulated.


    WATER ~ COOLING THE INSIDES                              ELECTRICAL ENERGY
                                                                                ¨ Understanding peak load
                                                                                needs and the energy forms
                                                                                needed.
                                                                                ¨ Lighting
                                                                                  - Gensets with biodiesel for
                                                                                electricity
                                                                                   - Water heating with solar
                                                                                electric systems
                                                                                ¨ Use of EB power in non-
                                                                                peak hours
                                                                                ¨    Vegetable      oils    as
                                                                                Biodiesel – buy seed, crush-
                                                                                ing, oil for fuel, oilcake for
                                                                                manure
                                                                                ¨ Needs no changes to stan-
                                                                                dard diesel engines, and lu-
                                                                                bricants them better. It’s
                                                                                biodegradable, non-toxic.
    The water is aerated with a small efficient                                 Reduces hydrocarbon emis-
    pump – so no mosquitoes! The underwater                                     sions by 70% and Carbon
                                                                                monoxide emission by 50%
         lights make it a visual delight.

         ELECTRICAL ENERGY
Check Power Factor of each of your electricity
bills.
The PF ratio should be more than 0.80.
An average home can save anywhere from 3,000
to 5,000 a year by maintaining it over 0.80.
Use power-saving devices that bust spikes /
fluctuations,
motion and thermal sensor devices that reduce
energy
in times of non-occupancy of rooms and other          An energy free exhaust system that helps
                                                      circulation in large and high ceilinged rooms
built areas
Manage campus lighting better to save on bills
BENEFITS OF RADIENT COOLING                                     BIO-WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Maximum comfort
    • Draft free, no noise cooling                                                         • Leafy biomass mulched
    • Lower sensed temperature                                                             for vermi compost that
    • Lower investment costs                                                               serves as fertilisers,and
    • Lower energy costs
                                                                                           pesticides.
    • Architectural freedom
    • Minimal maintenance                                                                  • Use of food and other
    • Problem and mall function free operation                                             organic waste
    • Space conditioning equipments is not                                                    - Generation of light-
    needed at the outside walls simplifying the
                                                                                           ing energy with digesters.
    wall, space and structural systems.
    • No space is required within the air condi-                                                - Creation of circle
    tioned area for mechanical equipment.                                                  gardens with aerobic di-
    • Structural slab radiant system can be used                                           gestion of food waste for
    for heating and cooling the buildings with
                                                                                           plants.
    same pipes.

     ENVIRONMENTAL WATER                                                STORM DRAINS WITH A
     TECHNOLOGIES APPLIED                                                   DIFFERENCE
  AT TOWNSEND COMMON AREAS
 Prakriti Environment Development Consultancy
                                                              • The Sustainable Urban Drainage System is an
The Sustainable Urban Drainage System                         alternative approach to conventional drainage.
Zero-input Organic Waste-water Treatment System               We replicate natural drainage, and deal with run-
Harvesting and Utilization of Run-Off and Re-cycled
Waste-water                                                   off where it occurs.
                                                              • Instead of conventional drains, whose primary
                                                              function is to carry water away from the site as
                                                              quickly and efficiently as possible, SUDS carries
                                                              run-off in swales – which are well vegetated,
                                                              shallow, basin-shaped depressions.


              WHAT SWALES DO
                                                                 VIEW OF A TYPICAL SWALE
· Vegetation in swales slows
the speed of overland flow of                                Unlike drains, swales are contoured in contiguity with the
water,     and increases infil-                              surrounding landscape; in dry weather, they are integrated
tration                                                      into the surrounding land-use. They are thus aesthetically
· By virtue of its parabolic pro-
file, the carrying capacity of                               and functionally more advantageous.
a swale increases exponen-                                   Swales are punctuated with periodic detention basins at
tially with the depth of water                               every road-crossing and intersection. These basins pro-
flowing in it, giving it the abil-                           vide dynamic temporary storage, in order to:
ity to handle peak storm loads
more efficiently                                             · increase the time of concentration of run-off at the exit
· Vegetation in swales traps suspended solids in run-offs,   point
which get embedded in the soil-bed of the swales             · hold back and slow down the water, promoting local infil-
                                                             tration, and enabling irrigation of local area planting.
· Swales are effective in removing organic and nutrient      · regulate the rate of flow in the swale, reducing peak flows
wastes from the water flowing through them; they are
taken up by appropriate vegetation and planting in the       to levels that can be handled by the vegetation in the swale
bed of the swale                                             bottom without scouring
‘POLISHING’ AT THE POND
     SWALES CARRY WATER BETTER
        DURING A RAINSTORM                              The network of swales lead to a Collection pond, or
                                                        Balancing pond [next to the Tennis Court] which has
  
                                                        manifold functions. This is at once a:
                                                        · reservoir from which collected run-off can be
                                                        pumped for re- use
                                                        · balancing volume to retain flows from intense rain-
 This integrated circuit of swales, detention ba-
                                                        fall and associated flooding, reducing peak flows fur-
 sins, and collection pond, together with some          ther downstream in the regional drainage system
 other features like porous paving materials for        · “polishing tank” for the removal of solids and sedi-
 the roads, and roof run-off harvesting systems,        ment, as well as nutrients, trace metals, coliforms
                                                        and organic matter, to a lesser degree
 together constitute the Sustainable Urban Drain-
                                                        The water storage capacity of the Collection Pond is
 age System.                                            up to 400,000 litres. This water can be used for irri-
                                                        gation of all common areas, as well as irrigation of
                                                        the home landscapes


 ZERO-INPUT ORGANIC WASTE-                                          HOW SWALES WORK
  WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM                                The plants them-
The Zero-input Organic Waste-water Treatment Sys-       selves, as well as the
tem uses a combination of passive anaerobic-treat-      bacteria living on their
ment tanks (septic tanks), root-zone treatment, and     root-nodules, take up
the wetland effect to completely remove organic con-    large quantities of
taminants from the waste water, and make it suit-       ornganic contami-
able for re-use.                                        nants, and even
In this system, the sewage is treated anaerobically,    heavy metal wastes
in septic tanks. The treated outflow from these is      (to a smaller extent)
mixed with sullage, and passed through a horizon-       from the water flow-
tal-flow root-zone treatment system.                    ing through them.
In the initial stages of home occupancy, when efflu-    The root masses of
ent load is very low, the swales themselves can func-   the vegetation growing in the swales, also create
tion as horizontal-flow systems, when planted with      turbulence in the flow, which oxygenates the water,
appropriate vegetation such as Typha (Reed-mace,        further enhancing its quality. This process can be ac-
often wrongly called Bulrush), Crinum (Swamp-lily),     celerated by the judicious placement of objects such
Zantedeschia (Arum lily), Cyperus (Umbrella plant)      as pebbles and boulders to create rills and eddies.
and Alocasias.

          HOW SWALES WORK                                            ‘POLISHING’ POND
As home occupancy in the Campus grows and ef-           The water flowing down
fluent load increases, the mixture of sullage and       the swales is given its
                                                        final stage of treatment,
treated sewage outflow can no longer be treated
                                                        or “polishing”, in the ter-
just by passing down the swales. At this stage,         minal collection pond.
horizontal-flow reed-beds have to be introduced         Here aquatics such as
to give initial treatment to the mixture before pass-   Hydrilla, Saggittaria (Ar-
ing it into the swales, which will then function as a   rowhead plant) and
secondary treatment system. Such intensive-treat-       Nymphaea (Water-lily)
ment sytems use emergent aquatics like Phragmites       oxygenate the water
(Common Reed) Scirpus (Bulrush) Typha, or some-         thoroughly, improving its composition, as well
times even Cyperus, depending on location and           as clarity and appearance, rendering it suitable for
                                                        re-use as such. The floating aquatic, Water Hyacinth
several other suitability factors.
                                                        is also suitable for this purpose; it is, however, highly
                                                        invasive, and can take over the pond completely to
                                                        the detriment of all other vegetation.
HARVESTING AND UTILIZATION                                          WATER
   OF RUN-OFF AND RE-CYCLED
         WASTE-WATER                                                        • Conservation in the con-
                                                                            text of watering large num-
                                                                            ber of plants.Vegetating a
                                                                            land area means usually
                                                                            400 plants to an acre. You
                                                                            can save substantially on
 • The architecture of the TownsEnd cam-
                                                                            fresh water costs.
 pus provides for the harvesting and re-                                    •The drive is to provide
                                                                            moisture for root zone and
 use of roof run-offs. Besides this, how-
                                                                            not for watering plants.
 ever, we also try to use recycled water                                    • How to harvest rain wa-
                                                                            ter from roof tops and land
 for all gardening purposes.
                                                                            contours.
                                                                            • See models displayed on
                                                                            energy free drip irrigation

  ADDRESSING WATER NEEDS
                                                         RAINWATER HARVESTING
                          • Water Run-off man-
                          agement          with
                          bunding, pitching
                          and revetments.           • Design buildings that take care of rainwater
                          Percolation pits for
                          storm drains — Tanks       harnessing and reticulation with network of
                          for other parts of the
                                                     distribution from static or online facility
                          land
                          • Traditional pro-        • Creating catchments and aquatic lagoons.
                          cesses for
                          • maintaining pH          • Nitrogen and phosphate fixing for soil with
                          value of water — us-
                                                     natural processes.
                          ing crushed drum-
                          stick seeds, for ex-      • Soil moisture retention.
                          ample for floccula-
                          tion


                                                   OZONE IN SWIMMING POOL WATER
                                                             TREATMENT
   TREADLE                 FORCE LIFT
                                                   • Swimming pool water has to be of good quality
    PUMPS                    PUMPS
                                                   – users sometimes drink it by mistake
We plan to install in    You can use this in       • Water quality should be near drinking std
the sum and use the      your home to draw
energy for water         water from the sump       • Contaminated water causes ear, nose, throat
drawing or circula-      tank below to the         and skin infections
tion                     OH tank.
                                                   • May also cause other infectious diseases
GENERAL DISADVANTAGES OF                                  GENERAL DISADVANTAGES OF
           CHLORINE                                                  CHLORINE

                                                      • Chlorine will form organic chloramines (THMs)
• Chlorine in any form is explosive and is a safety
                                                      and other toxic compounds known and proven
  risk.
                                                      to cause cancer (long term use) – it’s necessary
• Chlorine addition - eventually increases salinity
                                                      to super-chlorinate regularly to reduce the THMs
  and TDS beyond environmental guidelines
                                                      • Chlorine is very unstable even in solution and
• Chlorine use will increase pH which will have
  to be neutralized with acid to maintain the pH.     decomposes very rapidly on exposure to sun-
                                                      light - up to 60% applied in a day.

                                                      • Excess chlorine leaves the user with red eyes



    GENERAL DISADVANTAGES OF                             OZONATION OF SWIMMING POOL
            CHLORINE

                                                        • There is an additional capital equipment cost
• In small pools a stabilizer is recommended but
uneconomical in large pools such as these.              – but this is only once.
• Solid bleach is not preferred for large commer-       • Ozone is generated in situ
cial water treatment because of sludge problem          • No excess chemicals have to be ordered,
— Chlorine dioxide and chlorine gas has been            stored or applied incorrectly
preferred.                                              • Low dose of residual chlorine necessary to
• Too expensive in India and bleach is the only
                                                        make up for ozone being too unstable.
alternative along with its intrinsic problems.




      OZONATION OF SWIMMING                                ADDING VALUE TO A HABITAT
              POOL
                                                                             • Choice of plant profile —
                                                                             endemic species. Avoid for-
   • No smell of chlorine                                                    mal landscaping, use shrub
   • No burning of eyes                                                      plants
                                                                             • Protection of existing flora,
   • No scaling of the skin
                                                                             avifauna and reptiles.
   • No fungal infections                                                    • Vegetate with a clear eye
   • water quality - drinking water standards                                on the long term.

   • sparkling clean free of Organic impurities
USER AWARENESS OF THE
          ENVIRONMENT

                           • Subtle education on
                             - the land’s eco-val-
                           ues, flora, fauna and
                           natural land forms.
                           - heritage values of the
                           land and local skills.
                                                         At the campus, we map all species of resident,
                           • Appeal to tourist visi-              migratory and winter visitors
                           tors of these aspects is            — Details on living habits of birds is
                           very high                                  fascinating for visitors
                                                              — Reptile species will also be mapped.



The butterfly population usually grows with the
  increase in flowering plants. We need them
   here at TownsEnd to work. They serve an
important function of cross-pollinating. We will
soon have a few beehive boxes at the campus
 – to help us harvest naturally honey which is
 uniquely flavoured by the TownsEnd flowers.




                                                         Vegetable farms can sustain campus needs.
                                                         What’s important is that the energy waste
                                                         downstream in securing from outside is also
                                                                         minimised.




                                                       A variety of groundcover weeds can be planted
Vermicomposting will be a feature at TownsEnd.           — all of them local species, and all aimed at
 We harvest organic compost every 70 days.                  helping root soil, and reduce erosion.
TREE SPECIES                               MEDICINAL TREES WITH
                                                          BEAUTIFUL FLOWERS
The avenue tree species at the campus are se-
lected to offer a profile of medicinal values while
                                                               Flame of the forest
being useful to the soil in fixing nitrogen – eg:
leguminous species like pongamea or Gliricidia;
some with potent medicinal properties like Neem,
Amla, Haritaki, Vibhitaki.                                              Erithrina Indica
Many of them are known for their beautiful flow-
ers like the Cassia, Tabubia, Jacaranda and
Lagerstroemia [known as the Queen of Flowers].
We have a collection of 25-30 species of medici-          Indian Laburnum
nal and aromatic plants. We have plans to have a
small medicinal park with red listed species.                     Ashoka [Saraca
                                                                          indica]

TREES WITH BEAUTIFUL FLOWERS                            LEGUMINOUS TREES THAT FIX
                                                               NITROGEN
                Pink Cassia                                Spotted gliricidia

                                                                      The Raintree
                              Queen’s flower or the
                              Pride of India, Arjuna,
                                       Hole dasavala
                                    [Lagerstroemia]
                                                              Pongam
                                                              Tree,               Gulmohar [Dolonyx
                                                              Honge,              regea]
                                                              Karanji
                                                              [Pongamea
                Night shade or                                Pinnata,
                Potato tree                                   Glabra]
                [Solanum
                grandiflorum]

    KEYSTONES OF TOWNSEND                                  FOCUS OF ALL PLANS
 It is important that every member develops
 these values in terms of building materials,
                                                             Cost
 harmony in facades, and conservation plans

 for water and energy.                                       Aesthetics

 You must help us bring harmony to the                       Function
 TownsEnd microregion with every feature                     Ease of execution
 that we add to the campus.
 As a community, we must all aim to protect

 and preserve the campus as a habitat.
TownsEnd
                             Biodiversity Conservation India Limited
                             No. 609, 80 Ft. Peripheral Road
                             Block IV, Koramangala
                             Bangalore 560 034
                             Tel: 5539 300/ 344/ 350
COUNTRY HOMES                E-mail: bioconserveindia@vsnl.com
FOR CITY LIVING              Website: www.bioconserveindia.com


Survey No. 110
Avalahalli, Yelahanka Post
Bangalore
Ph: 2711732/ 733

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Bcil towns end dossier

  • 2. Homes: Little Things that Make A Big Difference We offer here a thumbsketch of many features we have dem- architects will advice you on the elevations and profiles. Re- onstrated at TownsEnd. Our effort is to showcase as many al- member that the larger the openings for windows and doors, ternate, exciting and enduring technologies as we can. The the higher is your cost. entire effort is aimed at only one thing – how do we persuade These pages offer many variations we have worked upon. you to adopt these cost effective and aesthetically attractive 3. The roofs. – You can employ many types of roofs as you systems of architecture in your own homes. will see in the houses people have built at Trans Indus and now The pictures here demonstrate well the use of these traditional at TownsEnd or in our other campus, WildGrass, at Mysore. materials. What you don’t see in the pictures is the bit of engi- Typically, they are – hollow clay block roofs with pre-stressed neering we have had to bring into the restoration as well as clay channels or concrete rafters; Kadapa slab roofs with a into the construction of these structures. thin sheet of concrete that uses minimum steel and cement; You will see in this presentation how you could cleverly adopt ferro-cement roofs for flat and sloped roofs. For the first floor many of these materials, and engineering skills into your own roofs where you are sure you are not going to build on top, homes with dramatic effect. you could use double tiled roofs or singled tiled roofs with a Building alternate requires attention. It also requires more time grid in wood or steel. There are a few other variations that can than conventional structures. This is because you give your- be effectively used for roofs in your house. We can discuss self the opportunity to add a few things beyond what you plan. that in detail if you wish. As a building comes up, many things strike you. Many ideas 4. The floors – We have usually opted for material that re- need reworking. This will require a patient architect and pa- quires very little energy in the making of it. For eg, natural tience from you. You also need a contractor who is willing to stone which requires no energy in the making is preferred to live with a little madness. ceramic tiles which is highly energy intensive. The following In the planning of TimeOut we used more common sense and are floor options which can lend elegance to your house – Pol- BCIL’s cumulative knowledge of resources and much less ar- ished Kadapa or Kota slabs; terracotta tiles, Bethamcherla chitectural skills. You will see that in building your homes, your natural stone in different colour tones, Shahbad, Athanagudi demands will be much the same. (green and brown), machine sliced grey granite (polished or Let us spend a few minutes on how you go about building your rough-hewn), polished granite in a few shades (a more expen- home. It’s important that you find the right architect. In turn, sive option), marble (also an expensive option). There are he should help you find the right contractor. The architect has choices like sandstone which are unique, add elegance but are to be excited by these values and should have had the experi- expensive. ence of doing such homes. 5. Wood work for windows and doors – You could avoid BCIL has enjoyed working with In Antis, a firm of architects wood and save cost while being environment friendly. Go with headed by the talented Mr. Anup Naik whose age belies the metal frames that are available with lovely finishes these days, experience and insight he brings into planning a home and and at costs that are attractive. If you insist on wood, go with incorporating exciting elements that can bring warmth and treated jack wood and neem wood. Another option is to buy natural appeal to your house. antique doors and windows, and save on fresh wood purchase. BCIL also has had the pleasure of working with a few other If you can afford it, you can use wood for staircase treads, and such architects who are part of a panel of Architects. for flooring of small areas like the study, and so on. You are at liberty to work with Mr. Anup Naik or with any of the The few other things that you need to take care of are – floors empanelled architects of BCIL. If you know any one else on and walls of washrooms, counters and wash basins, the type your own who can create your home for you, that will be even of faucet fittings and sanitaryware; the external facades, paint- more wonderful since TownsEnd will gain from any new talent. ing of internal walls, and so on. Remember, we are always willing to share our knowhow and The costs experience with you or your architect. When you work with an architect, please get a cost and quan- The important thing is that you simplify the way you look at tities sheet with these five segments clearly marked out. The your house. There are only five main aspects to a house. other things will not cause you much concern on costs. The 1. Plinth and Foundation. – Before you get on with this you only other element that you need to check with the architect, must ensure that you have made your final call on the size of and check carefully, is the cost of structural elements. Most your house and of every space you seek. To make any change often architects themselves cannot be certain of this cost. But after the foundation is done can prove to be difficult, or expen- you need to persist and secure an educated estimate before sive. you begin work on your home. 2. The Walls – There are many types of walls you can build. From here on, it is a professional contractor, and careful su- We recommend a functional blend of soil cement blocks, hol- pervision. Between the architect and you, this needs to be low and solid clay blocks, and moulded concrete blocks. The achieved just so to get the house the way you want it.
  • 3. AT INFRASTRUCTURE LEVEL ..…TimeOut….. The leisure amenities Energy TownsEnd Sustainability BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION (INDIA) LTD. ACADEMY FOR MOUNTAIN ENVIRONICS Water AT BUILT LEVELS CREATIVE LAND USE Aesthetic ¨ Healing of degraded lands to health ¨ Technology — energy / water Conservation ¨ Built environment Building Materials SENSITIVITIES STEWARDSHIP OF LAND – ON HOMES Restoring the ¨ Building systems earth’s skin that reduce use of - Adding value cement and structural to the habi- steel. tat. - Creating ¨ Identifying and use awareness of of local skills and the immediate human resources environment ¨ Use of low energy - Mapping of building materials and Flora & Fauna effective natural - Restoring lighting and ventila- land’s water tion. resources Use of non-forest timber— avoid teak
  • 4. SENSITIVITIES HELPING TRADITION MEET – ON INFRASTRUCTURE THE CONTEMPORARY . . . ¨ Roads - Enzyme based roads. - Sand-based clay block paving. - Sand-based stone paving. Walkways made to ensure the land breathes. Recycling of build- ing industry waste. THE ENTRY THE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN IDEOLOGY - AN INSIGHT INTO TOWNSEND ¨ Design Ideology. 1.Transition as a theme. 2.Frames as insights ~ visual connectors. 3.Water ~ as a medium of reflection ¨ Alternate Technology as a Frontier. 1.Stabilised Compressed Earth Blocks. 2.Composite Ferro cement System. 3.Reclaimed Timber. 4.Non Forest Timber. 5.Reducing usage of ceramic and extreme process …..based finishing materials. The beginning….. 6.Usage of MS sections for window. TRANSITION AS A THEME FRAMES AS INSIGHTS ~ VISUAL CONNECTORS ¨ Transition is emphasized with light ¨ Frames are as an element ~ an used intention- intentional design ally, to accen- parameter. tuate the green ¨ Transition in the outdoors. sense of material usage has also been ¨ Frame as in a picture taken particular care frame, has been used as a of ~ a softer feel on precursor to a lot of the the walls to a harder spaces which unfolds beyond and raw and rugged it. This sets off a constant feel on the floors. dialogue for the visitor with the surroundings.
  • 5. BUILT ENVIRONMENT BUILDING YOUR HOME 1] Blend traditional knowledge systems and QUESTIONS WE NEED TO ASK contemporary engineering 2] make every home an example of successful * How to reduce energy use with better mainstreaming of alternate think directions specs and optimal design without in building, land and water management, and energy use compromising performance * How to increase local content to avoid transport energy * How to integrate passive energy components into buildings – skylights, materials. * How to understand life cycle energy cost of materials ( manufacture, transport, construction, use, demolition & disposal) BUILDING YOUR HOME BUILD MATERIALS 1] How do we offer blend of traditional Walls knowledge systems and contemporary engineering 2] How do we make the homes an example of successful mainstreaming of an array of alternate think directions in building, land and water management and energy use Country bricks Vertical shaft kiln bricks * interlock earth blocks * stone masonry * composite works * clay blocks — solid & hollow * Soil stabilized blocks * concrete blocks – solid & hollow STABILIZED COMPRESSED EARTH BLOCKS ¨ SCEB are made of mud, stabilized with 5% cement and compacted in a block making machine, and naturally baked by the sun. ¨ SCEB have compres- ¨ It is as good a walling material as sive strength of 30Kg/ burnt bricks and is economical, stronger, sq.cm. energy saving and simple to make. ¨ At this strength the ¨ The sheen on the walls is a protec- erosion on the blocks is Twisted piers that add structural tive uv-resistant poly coat that keeps greatly reduced Strength and lend to aesthetics. the walls from eroding.
  • 6. Hollow clay block walls Saving on downstream costs and labour Walls raised without mortar and with Thermal insulation concrete bands at sill, lintel and roof Final overcoat of a polycoat wash Levels. that is U.V. Resistant and enhances life Exposed brick work Mud plastering for external walls With dry masonry that last minimum 4-5 years. Traditional mud scaffolding The only improvisation is use of the and screed concrete U.V. Resistant polycoat wash to enhance life Traditional aesthetics with contemporary materials — the walls are stone butch. Blends of terra cotta, ferro concrete rafters, The columns are RCC — tie beam is ferro cement and stone — good examples of the old blending — column brackets are in steel with the new. — The roof is kadapa slabs
  • 7. Stairways in dressed or rough-hewn stone Neem and jackwood railings, with no risers — in place of steel They cost less, and take elegant forms. FLOORS Traditional, natural materials make least environ- ment impact — no energy in manufacture Bethamcherla — tandoor — kotah — shahabad — oxide floors executed the traditional way with egg white and iron oxide and cement — athanagudi — also indian pine wood with cashew oil or linseed oil treatment ROOFS — Replace energy-inefficient industrial ceramic 6 variations of these roofs can be tried tiles with natural slate or terra cotta — ensure — They save 30% on roof costs that the slate is water-resistant with surface — Structural steel used is minimal treatment that enhances performance — It can deal with spans up to 15 feet — The screed concrete needed is only 2-3 inches - Not to speak of conventional options You can stack two more floors . These roofs are with Kadapa slabs and ferro Hollow clay blocks for roofs. cement rafters in place of wood These can be executed at as little as Rs 70 per sft.
  • 8. VAULTS We have con- stantly explored new forms. This country tile is typical of the Tamil Nadu countryside – not seen as much in Karnataka. The blend of earth walls, terra cotta and the unimpos- ing metal truss Single tiled roofs and double tiled roofs heralds a ‘soft’ — Where you are not building above, entry to the use double tiles with steel truss or wood TownsEnd campus. truss Composite ferrocement systems ¨ CFS is simple to construct and made of ferrocement i.e. rich mortar rein- ¨ Ferro cement forced with chicken and welded wire channels and shells mesh. These reduce the thickness of provide an eco- All these options are sensitive to land they belong to. roof slabs while allowing larger spans. nomic solution to the They meet criteria of durability and cost . CFS are trough shaped and are inte- RCC slab by provid- grated to any vertical structural sys- Make sunshades in granite — avoid RCC ing 30 – 40% cost tem. They act as a permanent skin. reduction. Mud plaster will hold due to surface treatment Stone and steel pergolas
  • 9. Non Forest Timber Non Forest Timber ¨ Areca Poles are used as compound walls, which not ¨ Here Bamboo is used as a pergola, offering great ¨ The Entire spa has been ¨ Cane has been used as a semi only enhances the aesthetic constructed using Pine wood, roof covering, which again lends value, but provides a new in- light and shade quality, which again is non-forest itself to great flexibility in de- sight into alternate use of which very easily replaces timber. sign. material. any concrete or steel form. ¨ Pine wood has great struc- ¨ When cane is given a slight ¨ Since these poles are ¨ These are forms that are tural strength and is least curvature it attains greater treated it increases life span demonstrated here prima- affected by termites. structural strength. of the material. rily to excite TownsEnd-ers ¨ Pine wood weathers very ¨ These are elements, again, ¨ It also adds to renewable to try these tested options well, and has the least con- that you could use in homes with factors. for their own homes. traction and expansion co- dramatic impact. efficients. Reclaimed timber This column is an example of use of This stately main door gives the house a reclaimed wood distinct traditional look. — They don’t warp, they take polish, Carpenters are happy working with them — Be careful in the reclaimed wood you buy — Avoid encour- aging demolition of sites of heritage value Reclaimed timber Non process-based or zero energy finish materials. ¨ Use of renew- able timber goes a long way in protecting felling of forest lands. ¨ It adds a new dimension to ar- chitecture and ¨ Rough hewn stone is used aesthetics of as column supports, which any building. add greatly to visual quality. ¨ Clay tiles with a coat of ¨ The entrance bay is high- PU is used for the wet ar- lighted with perforated paver eas. blocks, granite trims and tra- ¨ The high-energy-using ditional stone butch work and ceramic tiles are used only mud plastered walls. as highlights.
  • 10. Non process-based or zero energy Materials Lend to Aesthetics finish materials. ¨ Kadapa Floor with com- ¨ Silver oak billets have been posite granite grit trims has used as corbels on the exte- been used. rior walkways alongside the ¨ Kadapa has a versatile pool, after treating them with outdoor and indoor use bitumen for termite resis- property which can be left tance. The patchquilt of wood, as cut hewn or polished. turf-grass and pebble lends a new aesthetic dimension. ROADS & WALKWAYS ¨ - Enzyme based roads. - Sand based clay block paving. - Sand based stone or corbelled paving. Walkways made to ensure the land breathes. Recycling of Signages employ waste wood building industry that is treated to last waste. Waste granite pieces are used The entire deck, vertical columns and roof instead of flagging concrete truss has been built with babul, for homes and pathways a non-forest timber — all around the campus are examples of — Critical to long-term performance is such use of material that is waste again surface treatment. for some industry
  • 11. The consciously created split levels lead up to the spa on the far side. The check- Campus lighting avoids erboard of colours that the materials lend conventional material to the area shows the richness of tradi- tional styles. Quarry waste has been used with dry mortar for lending aesthetic to land Use waste casuarina and eucalyptus wood — Land management and aesthetic for fencing in as many parts have to hold hands of the campus Street lights blend steel and terra cotta Roofs for most semi-open spaces can be traditional thatch — They cost little, and need nominal maintenance
  • 12. A traditional door executed in a sub-species of Jackwood — the surface treatment is the key to Another option on walls its durability. TECHNOLOGY All plans relate to — - Energy - Water - Ecological landscaping Stone is a good option for walls — using stone cubes costs as little as normal brick masonry, and offer cost and aesthetic advantages. STRUCTURAL SLAB COOLING HISTORY FROM DESIGN PEOPLE ENGINEERS The use of radiant heating Gentle temperature conditioning system, and cooling is not new. The Romans, 2000 years ago, exchanges thermal energy to the space used under-floor radiant through convection & radiation. heating and thermal mass heat storage. In Turkey, stream water was run through channels in walls and floors to cool palaces in the warm summers. Even Akbar used it at Fatehpur Sikri. In the 1930s, architect Frank Lloyd Wright piped hot water through the floors of many of his buildings.
  • 13. THE SYSTEM COOLING SYSTEM: TOWNSEND Surface cooling systems where the water tubes are placed in the roof slab Air base geothermal absorbs the heat from cooling for HourGlass, the heat sources in a room. Bar Lounge at TownsEnd. The slab absorbs the heat and exchanges it with the circulating water. The warm water is then Water based slab cooling pumped here to the pool for conference areas fresh, cool water from the below ground is circulated. WATER ~ COOLING THE INSIDES ELECTRICAL ENERGY ¨ Understanding peak load needs and the energy forms needed. ¨ Lighting - Gensets with biodiesel for electricity - Water heating with solar electric systems ¨ Use of EB power in non- peak hours ¨ Vegetable oils as Biodiesel – buy seed, crush- ing, oil for fuel, oilcake for manure ¨ Needs no changes to stan- dard diesel engines, and lu- bricants them better. It’s biodegradable, non-toxic. The water is aerated with a small efficient Reduces hydrocarbon emis- pump – so no mosquitoes! The underwater sions by 70% and Carbon monoxide emission by 50% lights make it a visual delight. ELECTRICAL ENERGY Check Power Factor of each of your electricity bills. The PF ratio should be more than 0.80. An average home can save anywhere from 3,000 to 5,000 a year by maintaining it over 0.80. Use power-saving devices that bust spikes / fluctuations, motion and thermal sensor devices that reduce energy in times of non-occupancy of rooms and other An energy free exhaust system that helps circulation in large and high ceilinged rooms built areas Manage campus lighting better to save on bills
  • 14. BENEFITS OF RADIENT COOLING BIO-WASTE MANAGEMENT • Maximum comfort • Draft free, no noise cooling • Leafy biomass mulched • Lower sensed temperature for vermi compost that • Lower investment costs serves as fertilisers,and • Lower energy costs pesticides. • Architectural freedom • Minimal maintenance • Use of food and other • Problem and mall function free operation organic waste • Space conditioning equipments is not - Generation of light- needed at the outside walls simplifying the ing energy with digesters. wall, space and structural systems. • No space is required within the air condi- - Creation of circle tioned area for mechanical equipment. gardens with aerobic di- • Structural slab radiant system can be used gestion of food waste for for heating and cooling the buildings with plants. same pipes. ENVIRONMENTAL WATER STORM DRAINS WITH A TECHNOLOGIES APPLIED DIFFERENCE AT TOWNSEND COMMON AREAS Prakriti Environment Development Consultancy • The Sustainable Urban Drainage System is an The Sustainable Urban Drainage System alternative approach to conventional drainage. Zero-input Organic Waste-water Treatment System We replicate natural drainage, and deal with run- Harvesting and Utilization of Run-Off and Re-cycled Waste-water off where it occurs. • Instead of conventional drains, whose primary function is to carry water away from the site as quickly and efficiently as possible, SUDS carries run-off in swales – which are well vegetated, shallow, basin-shaped depressions. WHAT SWALES DO VIEW OF A TYPICAL SWALE · Vegetation in swales slows the speed of overland flow of Unlike drains, swales are contoured in contiguity with the water, and increases infil- surrounding landscape; in dry weather, they are integrated tration into the surrounding land-use. They are thus aesthetically · By virtue of its parabolic pro- file, the carrying capacity of and functionally more advantageous. a swale increases exponen- Swales are punctuated with periodic detention basins at tially with the depth of water every road-crossing and intersection. These basins pro- flowing in it, giving it the abil- vide dynamic temporary storage, in order to: ity to handle peak storm loads more efficiently · increase the time of concentration of run-off at the exit · Vegetation in swales traps suspended solids in run-offs, point which get embedded in the soil-bed of the swales · hold back and slow down the water, promoting local infil- tration, and enabling irrigation of local area planting. · Swales are effective in removing organic and nutrient · regulate the rate of flow in the swale, reducing peak flows wastes from the water flowing through them; they are taken up by appropriate vegetation and planting in the to levels that can be handled by the vegetation in the swale bed of the swale bottom without scouring
  • 15. ‘POLISHING’ AT THE POND SWALES CARRY WATER BETTER DURING A RAINSTORM The network of swales lead to a Collection pond, or Balancing pond [next to the Tennis Court] which has   manifold functions. This is at once a: · reservoir from which collected run-off can be pumped for re- use · balancing volume to retain flows from intense rain- This integrated circuit of swales, detention ba- fall and associated flooding, reducing peak flows fur- sins, and collection pond, together with some ther downstream in the regional drainage system other features like porous paving materials for · “polishing tank” for the removal of solids and sedi- the roads, and roof run-off harvesting systems, ment, as well as nutrients, trace metals, coliforms and organic matter, to a lesser degree together constitute the Sustainable Urban Drain- The water storage capacity of the Collection Pond is age System. up to 400,000 litres. This water can be used for irri- gation of all common areas, as well as irrigation of the home landscapes ZERO-INPUT ORGANIC WASTE- HOW SWALES WORK WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM The plants them- The Zero-input Organic Waste-water Treatment Sys- selves, as well as the tem uses a combination of passive anaerobic-treat- bacteria living on their ment tanks (septic tanks), root-zone treatment, and root-nodules, take up the wetland effect to completely remove organic con- large quantities of taminants from the waste water, and make it suit- ornganic contami- able for re-use. nants, and even In this system, the sewage is treated anaerobically, heavy metal wastes in septic tanks. The treated outflow from these is (to a smaller extent) mixed with sullage, and passed through a horizon- from the water flow- tal-flow root-zone treatment system. ing through them. In the initial stages of home occupancy, when efflu- The root masses of ent load is very low, the swales themselves can func- the vegetation growing in the swales, also create tion as horizontal-flow systems, when planted with turbulence in the flow, which oxygenates the water, appropriate vegetation such as Typha (Reed-mace, further enhancing its quality. This process can be ac- often wrongly called Bulrush), Crinum (Swamp-lily), celerated by the judicious placement of objects such Zantedeschia (Arum lily), Cyperus (Umbrella plant) as pebbles and boulders to create rills and eddies. and Alocasias. HOW SWALES WORK ‘POLISHING’ POND As home occupancy in the Campus grows and ef- The water flowing down fluent load increases, the mixture of sullage and the swales is given its final stage of treatment, treated sewage outflow can no longer be treated or “polishing”, in the ter- just by passing down the swales. At this stage, minal collection pond. horizontal-flow reed-beds have to be introduced Here aquatics such as to give initial treatment to the mixture before pass- Hydrilla, Saggittaria (Ar- ing it into the swales, which will then function as a rowhead plant) and secondary treatment system. Such intensive-treat- Nymphaea (Water-lily) ment sytems use emergent aquatics like Phragmites oxygenate the water (Common Reed) Scirpus (Bulrush) Typha, or some- thoroughly, improving its composition, as well times even Cyperus, depending on location and as clarity and appearance, rendering it suitable for re-use as such. The floating aquatic, Water Hyacinth several other suitability factors. is also suitable for this purpose; it is, however, highly invasive, and can take over the pond completely to the detriment of all other vegetation.
  • 16. HARVESTING AND UTILIZATION WATER OF RUN-OFF AND RE-CYCLED WASTE-WATER • Conservation in the con- text of watering large num- ber of plants.Vegetating a land area means usually 400 plants to an acre. You can save substantially on • The architecture of the TownsEnd cam- fresh water costs. pus provides for the harvesting and re- •The drive is to provide moisture for root zone and use of roof run-offs. Besides this, how- not for watering plants. ever, we also try to use recycled water • How to harvest rain wa- ter from roof tops and land for all gardening purposes. contours. • See models displayed on energy free drip irrigation ADDRESSING WATER NEEDS RAINWATER HARVESTING • Water Run-off man- agement with bunding, pitching and revetments. • Design buildings that take care of rainwater Percolation pits for storm drains — Tanks harnessing and reticulation with network of for other parts of the distribution from static or online facility land • Traditional pro- • Creating catchments and aquatic lagoons. cesses for • maintaining pH • Nitrogen and phosphate fixing for soil with value of water — us- natural processes. ing crushed drum- stick seeds, for ex- • Soil moisture retention. ample for floccula- tion OZONE IN SWIMMING POOL WATER TREATMENT TREADLE FORCE LIFT • Swimming pool water has to be of good quality PUMPS PUMPS – users sometimes drink it by mistake We plan to install in You can use this in • Water quality should be near drinking std the sum and use the your home to draw energy for water water from the sump • Contaminated water causes ear, nose, throat drawing or circula- tank below to the and skin infections tion OH tank. • May also cause other infectious diseases
  • 17. GENERAL DISADVANTAGES OF GENERAL DISADVANTAGES OF CHLORINE CHLORINE • Chlorine will form organic chloramines (THMs) • Chlorine in any form is explosive and is a safety and other toxic compounds known and proven risk. to cause cancer (long term use) – it’s necessary • Chlorine addition - eventually increases salinity to super-chlorinate regularly to reduce the THMs and TDS beyond environmental guidelines • Chlorine is very unstable even in solution and • Chlorine use will increase pH which will have to be neutralized with acid to maintain the pH. decomposes very rapidly on exposure to sun- light - up to 60% applied in a day. • Excess chlorine leaves the user with red eyes GENERAL DISADVANTAGES OF OZONATION OF SWIMMING POOL CHLORINE • There is an additional capital equipment cost • In small pools a stabilizer is recommended but uneconomical in large pools such as these. – but this is only once. • Solid bleach is not preferred for large commer- • Ozone is generated in situ cial water treatment because of sludge problem • No excess chemicals have to be ordered, — Chlorine dioxide and chlorine gas has been stored or applied incorrectly preferred. • Low dose of residual chlorine necessary to • Too expensive in India and bleach is the only make up for ozone being too unstable. alternative along with its intrinsic problems. OZONATION OF SWIMMING ADDING VALUE TO A HABITAT POOL • Choice of plant profile — endemic species. Avoid for- • No smell of chlorine mal landscaping, use shrub • No burning of eyes plants • Protection of existing flora, • No scaling of the skin avifauna and reptiles. • No fungal infections • Vegetate with a clear eye • water quality - drinking water standards on the long term. • sparkling clean free of Organic impurities
  • 18. USER AWARENESS OF THE ENVIRONMENT • Subtle education on - the land’s eco-val- ues, flora, fauna and natural land forms. - heritage values of the land and local skills. At the campus, we map all species of resident, • Appeal to tourist visi- migratory and winter visitors tors of these aspects is — Details on living habits of birds is very high fascinating for visitors — Reptile species will also be mapped. The butterfly population usually grows with the increase in flowering plants. We need them here at TownsEnd to work. They serve an important function of cross-pollinating. We will soon have a few beehive boxes at the campus – to help us harvest naturally honey which is uniquely flavoured by the TownsEnd flowers. Vegetable farms can sustain campus needs. What’s important is that the energy waste downstream in securing from outside is also minimised. A variety of groundcover weeds can be planted Vermicomposting will be a feature at TownsEnd. — all of them local species, and all aimed at We harvest organic compost every 70 days. helping root soil, and reduce erosion.
  • 19. TREE SPECIES MEDICINAL TREES WITH BEAUTIFUL FLOWERS The avenue tree species at the campus are se- lected to offer a profile of medicinal values while Flame of the forest being useful to the soil in fixing nitrogen – eg: leguminous species like pongamea or Gliricidia; some with potent medicinal properties like Neem, Amla, Haritaki, Vibhitaki. Erithrina Indica Many of them are known for their beautiful flow- ers like the Cassia, Tabubia, Jacaranda and Lagerstroemia [known as the Queen of Flowers]. We have a collection of 25-30 species of medici- Indian Laburnum nal and aromatic plants. We have plans to have a small medicinal park with red listed species. Ashoka [Saraca indica] TREES WITH BEAUTIFUL FLOWERS LEGUMINOUS TREES THAT FIX NITROGEN Pink Cassia Spotted gliricidia The Raintree Queen’s flower or the Pride of India, Arjuna, Hole dasavala [Lagerstroemia] Pongam Tree, Gulmohar [Dolonyx Honge, regea] Karanji [Pongamea Night shade or Pinnata, Potato tree Glabra] [Solanum grandiflorum] KEYSTONES OF TOWNSEND FOCUS OF ALL PLANS It is important that every member develops these values in terms of building materials, Cost harmony in facades, and conservation plans for water and energy. Aesthetics You must help us bring harmony to the Function TownsEnd microregion with every feature Ease of execution that we add to the campus. As a community, we must all aim to protect and preserve the campus as a habitat.
  • 20. TownsEnd Biodiversity Conservation India Limited No. 609, 80 Ft. Peripheral Road Block IV, Koramangala Bangalore 560 034 Tel: 5539 300/ 344/ 350 COUNTRY HOMES E-mail: bioconserveindia@vsnl.com FOR CITY LIVING Website: www.bioconserveindia.com Survey No. 110 Avalahalli, Yelahanka Post Bangalore Ph: 2711732/ 733