Building Science 2 Project 2

SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING &DESIGN
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (HONOURS) IN ARCHITECTURE
BUILDING SCIENCE 2 (ARC 3413)
PROJECT 2: INTERGRATION PROJECT WITH DESIGN STUDIO 5
SENTUL COMMUNITY LIBRARY
LIGHTING AND ACOUSTIC PROPOSAL REPORT & CALCULATION
LIM YEE QUN 0319121
TUTOR: MR. EDWIN YEAN LIONG CHAN
SUBMISSION DATE: 11TH JULY 2016

TABLE OF CONTENT
CONTENT
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Objectives
1.2 Project Description
1.3 Floor Plans
2.0 LIGHTING
2.1 Children Reading Area
2.1.1 Daylighting Analysis
2.1.2 Artificial Lighting Proposal
2.1.3 PSALI (Permenant Supplementary Artificial Lighting of Interiors)
2.2 Formal Reading Area
2.2.1 Daylighting Analysis
2.2.2 Artificial Lighting Proposal
2.2.3 PSALI (Permenant Supplementary Artificial Lighting of Interiors)
3.0 ACOUSTIC
3.1 Sound Pressure Level – External Noises
3.1.1 Children Reading Area
3.1.2 Formal Reading Area
3.2 Reverberation Time ( RT)
3.2.2 Meeting Room
3.3 Sound Reduction Index (SRI)
3.3.2 Formal reading Area
4.0 REFERENCES

1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 OBJECTIVES
This project aims to integrate the understanding of lighting and acoustic principles in the context of the
Design Studio 5 final design. It enhances the understanding of lighting and acoustics principles and
enables students to solve design problems in relation to sustainability issues (natural lighting, site
analysis). Thus, it encompasses advanced day lighting systems and the integration of electrical lighting,
strategies for noise management and room acoustic.
1.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
In studio 5, Students are required to design a community library within an urban infill site. Apart from
developing an appropriate formal and elevational strategy in response to the character of the street, the
design should take into consideration a holistic application of structural, functional and environmental
requirements to address the user needs for a community library.
The new library, which located at Jalan Ipoh, Sentul, will be a vibrant and interesting place for the whole
community, welcoming people of different ages and background. It will be a focus point for variety of
cultural, learning and recreational opportunities. The role of the library is
- An inspiring and inviting library building
- A focal point for the community
- Reader places and computers places to meet growing demand
- A better displayed and housed collection
- Better Facilities for target groups
- A showcase for historical resources of the local government areas
- A small meeting room which can be used for variety of purposes
- A multifunction space for a range of activities including travelling exhibitions, children’s
storytelling and activities, meetings of specialist groups.

1.3 FLOOR PLANS
Figure 1.3.1 Ground Floor Plan
Figure 1.3.2 First Floor Plan

Figure 1.3.3 Second Floor Plan
Figure 1.3.4 Third Floor Plan

Figure 1.3.5 Fourth Floor Plan

2.0 LIGHTING
2.1 CHILDREN’S READING AREA
2.1.1 DAYLIGHTING ANALYSIS
According to MS 1525, Daylight Factor distribution as below:
Daylight Factor, DF
DF,% Distribution
>6 Very bright with thermal & glare problem
3-6 Bright
1-3 Average
0-1 Dark
The selected area, Children’s Reading Area is located at first floor which has a ceiling height of 5m.
Large amount of windows are able to allow natural sunlight penetrate into this area. Hence, artificial
lighting is only required during night time.
Figure 2.1.1.1 First Floor Plan which indicate Children Reading Area.

Daylight Factor Calculation
Floor Area 11.1m X 9.85 m = 105.45 m2
Area of façade that exposed to sunlight 16m X 3.5m = 56m2
Area of sunlight 0
Exposed of façade & skylight area to floor area
Ration/ Daylight Factor, DF
(56m2 + 0) /105.45m2
= 0.53
53% X 0.1
= 5.3%
Natural Illumination Calculation
Illuminance Example
120,000 lux Brightest sunlight
110,000 lux Bright sunlight
20,000 lux Shade illuminated by entire clear blue sky
1,000 – 2,000 lux Typical overcast day, midday
< 200 lux Extreme of darkest storm clouds, midday
400 lux Sunrise or sunset on clear day
40 lux Fully overcast, sunset / sunrise
< 1 lux Extreme of darkest storm clouds, sunset / sunrise
E external = 20,000 lux
DF = (E internal / E external) X 100%
5.3% = (E internal / 20,000) X 100%
E internal = 5.3 X 20,000 /100
= 1060 lux

Conclusion
Based on the requirement of MS 1525, the daylight factor should be lower than 6% and the
recommended illumination level for a study area is 400 lux. The children reading area has a daylight
factor of 5.3% which fulfill the standard, but the value of natural illumination of 1060 lux exceed the
standard. This will cause thermal and glare problem. Hence, double glazed low e-value glass is applied
in order to solve the glare problem and also reduce the heat gain in this area.
Double glazed low e-value glass are proposed to minimize the amount of ultraviolet and infrared light
that can pass through without compromising the amount of visible light that is transmitted.
Figure 2.1.1.2 Double Glazed Low E-value Glass.

2.1.2 ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING PROPOSAL
The Children Reading area will be operated not just on the day but night too. Hence, artificial lighting is
vital for the space to produce a well-lit and comfortable reading environment. Based on MS 1525, the
required lux level for a reading area is 300-400.
Type of luminaire proposed:
Type of fixture LED Downlight
Type of light bulb
Material of fixture Aluminium
Product Brand & Code LEDXION K01116
Nominal Life (hours) 50,000
Wattage Range (W) 44
CRI 85
Color Temperature, K 3000
Color Designation Warm White
Lumens 5000
Lumen Method Calculation
Dimension of Room Width : 11.1 m
Length : 9.85 m
Height : 5 m
Floor Area 11.1 m X 9.85 m
=109.34 m
Lumen of lighting fixture F (lux) 5000 Lm
Height of Luminaire (m) 5 m
Mounting height (Hm) 5 m – 0.8 m
= 4.2 m
Reflection Factors Ceiling : 0.7
Wall : 0.5
Floor : 0.2
Room index, RI (K)
RI =
𝐿 𝑋 𝑊
𝐻𝑚 𝑋 (𝐿+𝑊)
9.85 𝑋 11.1
4.2 𝑋 (9.85 + 11.1)
= 1.24
Utilization Factor (UF) 0.55
Maintenance Factor (MF) 0.8
Standard Illuminance by MS1525 300
Number of light required
N =
𝐸 𝑋 𝐴
𝐹 𝑋 𝑈𝐹 𝑋 𝑀𝐹
N =
𝐸 𝑋 𝐴
N =
300 𝑋 109.34
5000 𝑋 0.55 𝑋0.8
N = 14.91
N =15

Spacing to Height Ratio SHR =
1
𝐻𝑚
X √
𝐴
𝑁
=
1
4.2
X √
109.34
15
= 0.64
SHR =
𝑆
4.2
0.64 =
𝑆
4.2
S = 0.64 X 4.2
= 2.69 m
Fitting Layout by approximately (m) Fittings required along 11.1 wall =
11.1
2.69
= 4.12
= 4 row
Number of lamps in each row =
15
4
= 3.75
= 4
Therefore 4 X 4 layout is appropriate for the
room.
Space along 9.85 wall will be
9.85
4
= 2.46m
Fitting Layout
Figure 2.1.2.1: Proposed Luminaries Fitting Layout of Children Reading Area
Conclusion
16 LED lights are used to illuminate the children reading area to achieve minimum of 300 lux stated by
MS 1525. It is arranged with 4 rows of 4 LED lights. With the sufficient level of illumination, children are
able to read in a well illuminated and comfortable atmosphere.

2.1.3 PSALI (PERMANENT SUPPLEMENTARY ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING OF INTERIORS)
The total 16 luminaires in the children reading area can be controlled by two switches. Each of them
control 8 luminaires. Switch 1 control the first two rows which near the façade while Switch 2 control the
following two rows. During daytimes, the luminaires of first two row can be switch off due to the
sufficient natural lighting. Therefore, electrical cost can be saved.
Figure 2.1.3.1 Proposed Reflected Ceiling Plan and Switch Arrangement

2.2 FORMAL READING AREA
2.2.1 DAYLIGHTING ANALYSIS
According to MS 1525, Daylight Factor distribution as below:
Daylight Factor, DF
DF,% Distribution
>6 Very bright with thermal & glare problem
3-6 Bright
1-3 Average
0-1 Dark
The selected area, Formal Reading Area is located at fourth floor which has a ceiling height of 5.2m.
The glazing area of this space is larger than Children Reading Area which bring richness of natural
sunlight into this area. Therefore, there are no need of artificial lighting in this area.
Figure 2.2.1.1 Fourth Floor Plan which indicates Formal Reading Area.

Daylight Factor Calculation
Floor Area 6.725m X 6.5 m = 43.71 m2
Area of façade that exposed to sunlight 13.225m X 4.4m = 58.19 m2
Area of sunlight 0
Exposed of façade & skylight area to floor area
Ration/ Daylight Factor, DF
(58.19m2 + 0) /43.71 m2
= 1.33
133% X 0.1
= 13.3%
Natural Illumination Calculation
Illuminance Example
120,000 lux Brightest sunlight
110,000 lux Bright sunlight
20,000 lux Shade illuminated by entire clear blue sky
1,000 – 2,000 lux Typical overcast day, midday
< 200 lux Extreme of darkest storm clouds, midday
400 lux Sunrise or sunset on clear day
40 lux Fully overcast, sunset / sunrise
< 1 lux Extreme of darkest storm clouds, sunset / sunrise
E external = 20,000 lux
DF = (E internal / E external) X 100%
13.3% = (E internal / 20,000) X 100%
E internal = 13.3 X 20,000 /100
= 2660 lux

Conclusion
The Formal Reading Area has a daylight factor of 13.3% and natural illumination off 2660 lux. Based on
the requirement of MS 1525, the daylight factor should be lower than 6% and the recommended
illumination level for a study area is 400 lux. Both of the values of this space exceed the standards. This
will cause thermal and glare problem. Hence, adjustable shading device is applied to solve the glare
problem and also reduce the heat gain in this area.
The wooden brise-soleil panel structure guarantees protection of the complex. It is adjustable extruded
wooden blade shutters with aluminum profile frame. The movable and adjustable blades can be
adjusted to the required position manually. Angled blades optimize the shading provided depending on
the local conditions and the design of the building.
Figure 2.2.1.2 Wooden Brise-Soleil Panel Structure.

2.2.2 ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING PROPOSAL
The Formal Reading Area is well-lit at daytimes. Hence, artificial lighting is only used at night time or
cloudy day to produce a well-lit and comfortable reading environment.
Type of luminaire proposed:
Type of fixture Fluorescent tube with reflector
Type of light bulb
Material of fixture Aluminium
Product Brand & Code F39W/TS/830/ECO
Nominal Life (hours) 36,000
Wattage Range (W) 39
CRI 85
Color Temperature, K 3000
Color Designation Warm White
Lumens 3500
Lumen Method Calculation
Dimension of Room Width : 6.725 m
Length : 6.5 m
Height : 5.2 m
Floor Area 6.725 m X 6.5 m
=43.71 m
Lumen of lighting fixture F (lux) 3500 Lm
Height of Luminaire (m) 5.2 m
Mounting height (Hm) 5.2 m – 0.8 m
= 4.4 m
Reflection Factors Ceiling : 0.7
Wall : 0.5
Floor : 0.2
Room index, RI (K)
RI =
𝐿 𝑋 𝑊
𝐻𝑚 𝑋 (𝐿+𝑊)
6.725 𝑋 6.5
4.4 𝑋 (6.725 + 6.5)
= 0.75
Utilization Factor (UF) 0.34
Maintenance Factor (MF) 0.8
Standard Illuminance by MS1525 300
Number of light required
N =
𝐸 𝑋 𝐴
N =
𝐸 𝑋 𝐴
N =
300 𝑋 43.71
3500 𝑋 0.34 𝑋0.8
N = 13.77
N =14

Spacing to Height Ratio SHR =
1
𝐻𝑚
X √
𝐴
𝑁
=
1
4.4
X √
43.71
14
= 0.4
SHR =
𝑆
4.4
0.4 =
𝑆
4.4
S = 0.4 X 4.4
= 1.76 m
Fitting Layout by approximately (m) Fittings required along 6.725 wall =
6.725
1.76
= 3.82
= 4 row
Number of lamps in each row =
14
4
= 3.5
= 4
Therefore 4 X 4 layout is appropriate for the
room.
Space along 6.5 wall will be
6.5
4
= 1.625m
Fitting Layout
Figure 2.2.2.1: Proposed Luminaries Fitting Layout of Formal Reading Area
Conclusion
In the end, the formal reading area is arranged with 4 rows of 4 fluorescent luminaire with reflector.
Although this space is smaller than the children reading area, the number of luminaires is same. It is
because the mounting height of this space is greater but the lumen of luminaires are smaller. The
spacing between each luminaires is smaller to achieve the requirement of minimum 300 lux in the room
as stated in the room.

2.2.3 PSALI (PERMANENT SUPPLEMENTARY ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING OF INTERIORS)
The total 16 luminaires in the formal reading area can be controlled by two switches. Each of them
control 8 luminaires. During daytimes, the luminaires can be switch off as there is enough sufficient
natural lighting. Due to the sun orientation, the users can gradually switch on the light in the evening to
minimize the usage of electricity.
Figure 2.2.3.1 Proposed Reflected Ceiling Plan and Switch Arrangement

3.0 ACOUSTIC
3.1 EXTERNAL NOISE SOUND PRESSURE
3.1.1 CHILDREN READING AREA
The Children Reading Area on the first floor is selected as a space to analyze and compare the
external noise sound pressure level at Jalan Ipoh. Readings are collected at both peak hours and non-
peak hours.
Figure 3.1.1.1 First Floor Plan that indicates Children Reading Area and Jalan Ipoh

Peak Hour
Highest Reading = 75 dB
Using the formula,
SIL = 10 log10
𝐼
𝐼𝑎
75 = 10 log10
𝐼
1 𝑋 10−12
107.5 =
𝐼
1 𝑋 10−12
I = 1 X 10 -12 X 10 7.5
I = 1 X 10 -4.5
Lowest Reading = 62dB
Using the formula,
SIL = 10 log10
𝐼
𝐼𝑎
62 = 10 log10
𝐼
1 𝑋 10−12
106.2 =
𝐼
1 𝑋 10−12
I = 1 X 10 -12 X 10 6.2
I = 1 X 10 -5.8
Total Intensity, I = (1 X 10 -4.5) + (1 X 10 -5.8)
= 3.32 X 10 -5
Using the formula, Combined SPL = 10 log10
𝑝2
𝑝0
2 , where po = 1 X 10 -12
Combined SPL = 10 log10
3.32 𝑋 10−5
1 𝑋 10−12
= 75.21 dB
Non-peak Hour
Using the formula,
SIL = 10 log10
𝐼
𝐼𝑎
65 = 10 log10
𝐼
1 𝑋 10−12
106.5 =
𝐼
1 𝑋 10−12
I = 1 X 10 -12 X 10 6.5
I = 1 X 10 -5.5
Using the formula,
SIL = 10 log10
𝐼
𝐼𝑎
54 = 10 log10
𝐼
1 𝑋 10−12
105.4 =
𝐼
1 𝑋 10−12
I = 1 X 10 -12 X 10 5.4
I = 1 X 10 -6.6
= 3.41 X 10 -6
𝑝2
𝑝0
2 , where po = 1 X 10 -12
3.41 𝑋 10−6
1 𝑋 10−12
= 65.33 dB
Conclusion
As a result, the combined sound pressure level of Jalan Ipoh during peak hours and non-peak hours
are 75.21 and 65.33 respectively. The noise criteria for reading space is within the range of NC 35-40.
The noise from the main road will affect the library interiors badly. Users are not able to concentrate
and read in this space. Materials with lower absorption coefficient such as concrete and brick can be
applied to reduce the transmission of noise from the exterior to the interior. Besides this, the green
buffer zone in front the building is also efficient to filter the noise.

3.1.2 FORMAL READING AREA
The Formal Reading Area on the fourth floor is selected as a space to analyze and compare the
external noise sound pressure level at back lane. Readings are collected at both peak hours and non-
peak hours.
Figure 3.1.2 Fourth Floor Plan that indicates Formal Reading Area and Back Lane.

Peak Hour
Using the formula,
SIL = 10 log10
𝐼
𝐼𝑎
60 = 10 log10
𝐼
1 𝑋 10−12
106.0 =
𝐼
1 𝑋 10−12
I = 1 X 10 -12 X 10 6.0
I = 1 X 10 -6.0
Using the formula,
SIL = 10 log10
𝐼
𝐼𝑎
52 = 10 log10
𝐼
1 𝑋 10−12
105.2 =
𝐼
1 𝑋 10−12
I = 1 X 10 -12 X 10 5.2
I = 1 X 10 -6.8
= 1.16 X 10 -6
𝑝2
𝑝0
2 , where po = 1 X 10 -12
1.16 𝑋 10−6
1 𝑋 10−12
= 60.64 dB
Non-peak Hour
Using the formula,
SIL = 10 log10
𝐼
𝐼𝑎
43 = 10 log10
𝐼
1 𝑋 10−12
104.3 =
𝐼
1 𝑋 10−12
I = 1 X 10 -12 X 10 4.3
I = 1 X 10 -7.7
Using the formula,
SIL = 10 log10
𝐼
𝐼𝑎
38 = 10 log10
𝐼
1 𝑋 10−12
103.8 =
𝐼
1 𝑋 10−12
I = 1 X 10 -12 X 10 3.8
I = 1 X 10 -8.2
= 2.63 X 10 -8
𝑝2
𝑝0
2 , where po = 1 X 10 -12
2.63 𝑋 10−8
1 𝑋 10−12
= 44.19 dB
Conclusion
As a result, the combined sound pressure level of back lane during peak hours and non-peak hours are
60.64 and 44.19 respectively. The noise criteria for reading space is within the range of NC 35-40. The
noise from the back lane has lesser impact compare with the main road. The noise from the back lane
during non-peak hours mostly approach to the noise criteria for reading area. Double skin facade can
be applied to filter and deflect noise.

3.2 REVERBERATION TIME
Figure 3.2.1.1 First Floor Plan that indicates Children Reading Area
Standard Reverberation Time (Multipurpose, <750m3) = 1.0 s
Space Volume = Length X Width X Height
= 11.1m X 9.85m X 5m
= 546.675m3

Material Coefficient (500 Hz)
Component Material Absorption
Coefficient
Surface Area (m2)
/ Quantity
Sound
Absorption
Floor Carpet 0.14 72 10.08
Laminated Wood Flooring 0.03 79.25 2.38
Wall Concrete with Plaster Finish 0.05 136.175 6.81
Glass 0.10 75.625 7.56
Ceiling Plaster Finish 0.015 109.335 1.64
Door Glass 0.10 5.6 0.56
Furniture Sofa 0.73 34.5 25.185
Laminated Wooden book
shelves
0.07 69.2 4.84
People 0.46 20 9.2
Total Absorption (A) 68.255
Reverberation Time, RT =
0.16 𝑋 𝑉
𝐴
=
0.16 𝑋 546.675
68.255
= 1.28s
Coefficient
Surface Area (m2)
/ Quantity
Sound
Absorption
Laminated Wood Flooring 0.05 79.25 3.96
Wall Concrete with Plaster Finish 0.09 136.175 12.26
Glass 0.05 75.625 3.78
Ceiling Plaster Finish 0.02 109.335 2.19
Door Glass 0.05 5.6 0.28
Furniture Sofa 0.89 34.5 30.71
Laminated Wooden book
shelves
0.09 69.2 6.23
People 0.51 20 10.2
0.16 𝑋 𝑉
𝐴
=
0.16 𝑋 546.675
91.21
= 0.96s

Conclusion
The reverberation time for the Children Reading Area at 500Hz and 2000Hz are 1.28s and 0.96s. The
standard of the comfort reverberation time for a multipurpose space within 750m3 is 1 second. This
does not fall within the comfort reverberation at 2000Hz while it is slightly higher than the comfort
reverberation at 500Hz. The design of double ceiling can be applied to reduce the Reverberation time
by using suspended plasterboard as sound absorber.

3.2.2 MEETING ROOM
Figure 3.2.2.1 Second Floor Plan that indicates Meeting Room
Standard Reverberation Time (Speech, <750m3) = 0.75
Space Volume = Length X Width X Height
= 3.5m X 4m X 4m
= 56m3

Coefficient
Surface Area (m2)
/ Quantity
Sound
Absorption
Wall Concrete with Plaster Finish 0.05 60 3
Ceiling Plaster Finish 0.015 14 0.21
Door Glass 0.10 5.6 0.56
Furniture Plastic Seats 0.10 7.644 0.76
Laminated Wooden Table 0.07 6.3 0.44
People 0.46 6 2.76
0.16 𝑋 𝑉
𝐴
=
0.16 𝑋 56
9.69
= 0.92s
Coefficient
Surface Area (m2)
/ Quantity
Sound
Absorption
Wall Concrete with Plaster Finish 0.09 60 5.4
Ceiling Plaster Finish 0.02 14 0.28
Door Glass 0.05 5.6 0.28
Furniture Plastic Seats 0.15 7.644 1.15
Laminated Wooden Table 0.09 6.3 0.57
People 0.51 6 3.06
0.16 𝑋 𝑉
𝐴
=
0.16 𝑋 56
14.94
= 0.60s
Conclusion
The reverberation time for the Meeting Room at 500Hz and 2000Hz are 0.92s and 0.60s. The standard
of the comfort reverberation time for a meeting room within 750m3 is 0.75 second. This does not fall
within the comfort reverberation at 2000Hz while it is slightly higher than the comfort reverberation at
500Hz.

3.3 SOUND REDUCTION INDEX (SRI)
Figure 3.3.1.1 First Floor Plan that indicates Children Reading Area
Components Material Area (m2) Sound Reduction Index Transmission Coeffeicient, T
Wall Brick 16.65 45 dB 3.16 X 10 -5
Glass 38.85 26 dB 2.51 X 10 -3
Calculation of transmission coefficient
Sound Reduction Index, SRI = 10 log10
1
𝑇𝑎𝑣
Brick Glass
SRI = 10 log10
1
𝑇
45 = 10 log10
1
𝑇
10 4.5 =
1
𝑇
T = 3.16 X 10-5
SRI = 10 log10
1
𝑇
26 = 10 log10
1
𝑇
10 2.6 =
1
𝑇
T = 2.51 X 10-3
Average Transmission Coefficient of Materials
Tav =
(16.65 𝑋 3.16 𝑋 10−5)+( 38.85 𝑋 2.51 𝑋 10−3)
(16.65+38.85)
= 1.77 X 10 -3

SRI = 10 log10
1
𝑇𝑎𝑣
=10 log10
1
1.77 𝑋 10−3
= 27.52 dB
Noise level in Children Reading Area = External Sound Pressure Level (Main Road) – SRI
= 75.21dB – 27.52dB
= 47.69
Conclusion
The sound reduction index of the façade is 27.52dB. After transmission loss, the sound level
of the children reading area is 47.69dB. The value is slightly higher than the desired noise
criteria for a reading space of 35-40dB. Enhancement can be mad by installing double skin
on the facade or absorption panels on the ceiling or walls to reduce noise.

3.3.2 FORMAL READING AREA
Figure 3.3.1.1 Fourth Floor Plan that indicates Formal Reading Area
Components Material Area (m2) Sound Reduction Index Transmission Coeffeicient, T
Wall Brick 14.175 45 dB 3.16 X 10 -5
Glass 20.925 26 dB 2.51 X 10 -3
Wooden
Brise-Soleil
20.925 31 dB
Calculation of transmission coefficient
Sound Reduction Index, SRI = 10 log10
1
𝑇𝑎𝑣
Brick Glass Wooden Brise-Soleil
SRI = 10 log10
1
𝑇
45 = 10 log10
1
𝑇
10 4.5 =
1
𝑇
T = 3.16 X 10-5
SRI = 10 log10
1
𝑇
26 = 10 log10
1
𝑇
10 2.6 =
1
𝑇
T = 2.51 X 10-3
SRI = 10 log10
1
𝑇
31 = 10 log10
1
𝑇
10 3.1 =
1
𝑇
T = 7.94 X 10-4
Average Transmission Coefficient of Materials
Tav =
(14.175 𝑋 3.16 𝑋 10−5)+( 20.925 𝑋 2.51 𝑋 10−3)+( 20.925 𝑋 7.94 𝑋 10−4)
(14.175+20.925+20.925)

= 1.24X 10 -3
SRI = 10 log10
1
𝑇𝑎𝑣
=10 log10
1
1.24 𝑋 10−3
= 29.07 dB
Noise level in Children Reading Area = External Sound Pressure Level (Main Road) – SRI
= 60.64dB – 29.07dB
= 31.57
Conclusion
The sound reduction index of the façade is 31.57dB. After transmission loss, the sound level
of the formal reading area is 31.57dB. According to MS 1525, the standard Sound Pressure
Level for reading area is 35-40dB, thus the space meets the requirements.

4.0 REFERENCES
Architects’ Data. (2012). Chicester: John Wiley and Sons.
ASHRAE. (1995). ASHRAE handbook 1984 systems. Atlanta, GA: American Society Heating,
Refrigerating &.
In Gibbs, B., In Goodchild, J., In Hopkins, C., & In Oldham, D. (2010). Collected Papers in Building
Acoustics: Room Acoustics and Environmental Noise. Brentwood, Essex: Multi-Science Publishing Co.
Ltd.
Malaysia. (2007). Code of practice on energy efficiency and use of renewable energy for non-
residential buildings (first revision). Putrajaya: Department of Standard Malaysia.
Sound Absorption Coefficients of architectural acoustical materials. (1957). New York.

Building Science 2 Project 2

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