Warr talk san francisco 2014 for cinf
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Since 1992 the World Wide Web has radically changed the way that we live and work. For most of us, living without the Internet would be like living without water or electricity. As research has become increasingly collaborative, possibilities for communication and collaboration on the Web have also increased. Virtual communities in science such as EiVillage and BioMedNet began to spring up in the 1990s. The earliest virtual community in chemistry, ChemWeb.com, was announced in August 1996 and launched in April 1997. At its peak it offered access to books, journals and databases, and member-generated content, together with discussion groups, virtual conferences and a chemistry preprint server. Eventually its owners started to lose interest; if only they had known what would follow with the advent of Web 2.0 in 2004. The world has since moved on from “e-everything” (e-mail, e-journals, e-commerce) to mobile technologies and “i-everything”, and experimentation in publishing has moved on too. An example is ScienceOpen, an open access scholarly publisher with a new network-based approach, and the mantra “access, network, organize, publish”. It was launched at the end of 2013 with more than one million freely accessible papers in multiple disciplines. It offers authors tools to collect feedback in one place, manage draft versions and share files, to make collaborating on a paper together easy. Its scientific network forms the basis for public, post-publication peer review. ChemWeb.com was ahead of its time. Is the chemistry world now ready for new ventures such as ScienceOpen? In the world of open access, open data and open science what might happen next?
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Warr talk san francisco 2014 for cinf
- 1. From Virtual Communities to Web 2.0, Social Media, and Beyond. A Publishing Perspective Dr. Wendy A. Warr http://www.warr.com Wendy Warr & Associates
- 2. ChemWeb.com History •Announced August 1996 –by MDL and Current Science Group •Launched April 1997 •Acquired by Elsevier October 1997 •Elsevier closed all “portals” mid-2003 •ChemWeb.com sold to ChemIndustry April 2004 Wendy Warr & Associates
- 3. ChemWeb.com Wendy Warr & Associates
- 4. Virtual Conferences Wendy Warr & Associates
- 5. Wendy Warr & Associates ChemWeb.com (2002) •350 journals •25 databases •structure searching •careers center •conference center •bookstore •The Alchemist •11 forums •300K members •CPS
- 6. Wendy Warr & Associates
- 7. Wendy Warr & Associates “We’re conducting a sort of experiment. Until [someone] offers the service, nobody knows whether it will get used or not.” Bill Town, C&EN, 2000
- 8. Wendy Warr & Associates Elsevier Criteria •Number of preprints •Geographic spread •Number of readers •Number of articles going on to publication Patrick Jackson, Publishing Director
- 9. Wendy Warr & Associates CPS 2000-2002 Was the Experiment a Success? •Yes (?) – 466 preprints •Yes – geographic spread •Yes – readership •Unproven – publication rate
- 10. Wendy Warr & Associates “Of all the papers whose abstracts I’ve read (perhaps about 50), none has had an online discussion with contributions about scientific issues, even several months after appearing on the CPS. The online “discussion” is a complete joke (you may cite me on this one...)” Thomas Ederth, an author
- 11. Wendy Warr & Associates “Mainly as a result of the ACS interference, the CPS has not developed into as valuable a resource as I had hoped” “…it is a pity that CPS has not become better established in attracting many more preprints. I presume the attitude of the ACS still poses a major problem”
- 12. Wendy Warr & Associates Prior Publication •Won’t publish –New England Journal of Medicine –Science –ACS Publications • Will publish –RSC –Nature –Physical Review etc.
- 13. Wendy Warr & Associates “You don’t get tenure at Harvard by publishing in The Internet Journal of Chemistry” Steve Heller
- 14. Open Access in Chemistry •Chem. Cent. J. •J. Cheminf. •Beilstein J. Org. Chem. •ChemSpider •Frontiers in Chemistry •Chem. Sci. •ACS Cent. Sci. •… Wendy Warr & Associates
- 15. “Web 2.0” (O’Reilly 2004) •wikis •blogs •feeds •podcasts •webinars •social networks •social bookmarking •virtual worlds Wendy Warr & Associates
- 16. Peer Review Wendy Warr & Associates
- 17. Peer Review: the “Journal Cascade” Wendy Warr & Associates
- 18. Peerage of Science •One peer review process for multiple journals •Ecology, and evolutionary and conservation biology •For profit, funded by publishers etc. •Reviews themselves are peer-reviewed •No journal editor in control of peer review •176 MSS, 381 peer reviews, 942 peer review evaluations Wendy Warr & Associates
- 19. Rubriq •One peer review process for multiple journals •Independent, double-blind peer review and MS submission •Recommends suitable journal •Score-card for reviews •Reviewer is rewarded •Author pays for R-score etc. Wendy Warr & Associates
- 20. Axios Review •Independent review service •Founded 2012 •Getting going in 2014 •May 2014 BMC started 6-month trial •Ecology and evolutionary biology •Author aims at top choice journal and plays safe with others Wendy Warr & Associates
- 21. Peer Review Consortium •eLife, BMC, PLoS and EMBO peer review consortium •Papers redirected with reviewer reports •Reviewer anonymity to author •Anonymity optional for journal cascade editor Wendy Warr & Associates
- 22. SciRev •“Speeding up scientific knowledge” •Authors rate journals on efficiency •Authors seek efficient journal •Editor can compare own journal with competitors Wendy Warr & Associates
- 23. “Mega-journals” •PLoS ONE •PeerJ •eLife Wendy Warr & Associates
- 24. eLife •Arose from DORA (http://am.ascb.org/dora/) •Opposed to Impact Factors •Consolidated pre-publication peer review •Free to read and publish •Supported by HHMI, MaxPlanck, Wellcome Trust •488 articles, 85 of them in biochemistry Wendy Warr & Associates
- 25. PeerJ •Peer-reviewed journal and preprints •Cheap, lifetime accounts (pre-paid) •Editor handles pre-publication peer review •Biological and medical sciences •Some reviews (~ 40%) are not anonymous •Link to Publons •476 articles 433 preprints Wendy Warr & Associates
- 26. Frontiers (1) •Launched in 2007 by scientists from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne •Major investment by NPG •Independent review and interactive review •Open peer review •Anonymity not allowed •Evaluation system –analytics automatically track down views and downloads Wendy Warr & Associates
- 27. Frontiers (2) •20,000 peer-reviewed articles in 45 community-driven journals •Largely medicine etc. but also chemistry, earth science, ecology and evolution •Five articles in medicinal chemistry, 13 in theoretical/comp chem, 17 in biological chemistry, 9 in analytical chemistry •Author pays •Indexed in PMC (a few journals in WoS) •Jobs postings •Frontiers community Wendy Warr & Associates
- 28. Data Repositories - figshare •Repository for figures, datasets etc. •Plus collaborative space •Amazon Web Services •Database seeded with OA publications •Open API •Business model –charges for extra collaborative space –supported by Digital Science Wendy Warr & Associates
- 29. Social Networks •Academia.edu •ResearchGate •Frontiers has community •figshare has collaborative space Wendy Warr & Associates
- 30. Academia.edu, ResearchGate •Academia.edu 11 million researchers, 2,948,530 papers •ResearchGate 4 million members •Share papers •See analytics •Follow other people •ResearchGate has job board Wendy Warr & Associates
- 31. Centralized Commenting Platforms •Publons •PubPeer •Journal Lab •PubMed Commons Wendy Warr & Associates
- 32. Publons •Collects peer review information from reviewers and publishers •Produces reviewer profiles with publisher-verified peer reviews •Pre- and post-publication peer review •Alerts •Author notified of comments •Reviewers get credit (DOIs) •1,954 reviewers, 4,247 reviews •Free to academics Wendy Warr & Associates
- 33. PubPeer •Post-publication peer review: anonymous •Comment on any scientific article with a DOI, or arXiv preprint •Centralized database for comments •Author notified of comments •Alerts Wendy Warr & Associates
- 34. Journal Lab •Open summaries and peer review of PubMed papers •Journal clubs and discussions •Anonymity optional Wendy Warr & Associates
- 35. Publishing Platforms and More •Faculty of 1000 •ScienceOpen •The Winnower –post-publication peer review etc. Wendy Warr & Associates
- 36. Faculty of 1000 •F1000Prime literature filtering •F1000Research (launched January 2013) –journal and journal club –post-publication peer review –OA and open review –522 articles (361 of them indexed in PMC) •F1000Posters Wendy Warr & Associates
- 37. ScienceOpen (1) OA research and publishing network Wendy Warr & Associates
- 38. ScienceOpen (2) •Launched May 29, 2014 •Almost 1.3 million articles from PMC and arXiv –2 million networked authors •Sciences, humanities and social sciences –all article types Wendy Warr & Associates
- 39. ScienceOpen (3) •Collaborative pre-publication workspaces (requires no email) –manage draft versions and share files –easy collaboration on a paper •Immediate publication with DOI •Open post-publication peer review with DOI –article metrics powered by Altmetric Wendy Warr & Associates
- 40. ScienceOpen (4) •Automatic proofs, easy corrections •Versioning •User roles allocated by ORCID publication history •Public and private groups Wendy Warr & Associates
- 41. Wendy Warr & Associates Conclusions •ChemWeb was ahead of its time •If only… •What can ScienceOpen learn from the past? •Chemistry is still “different”
- 42. Acknowledgments •Bill Town •Liz Allen •Stephanie Dawson Wendy Warr & Associates
- 43. Congratulations to Engelbert Zass! Wendy Warr & Associates CSA Trust Mike Lynch Award 2011 GDCh CIC 2012 Gmelin Beilstein Denkmünze ACS CINF Herman Skolnik Award 2014