The Origin Of Life Dual Origin Hypothesis

The Origin of Life: A Dual Origin Hypothesis Heather E. Jordan Bryant Lab, 232 S. Frear The Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA 16802 MICRB 497-B 3/25/2004 http://www.best3dart.com/3d_space_004.jpg

Where did I come from? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://www.sternwarte-ehingen.de/Galerie/SpaceArt.htm

Past Attempts to Answer the Question ,[object Object],http://www.bcimall.org/calendar/JC2000/image/queen_of_heaven_mother_of_earth.jpg

Past Attempts to Answer the Question ,[object Object],[object Object],http://www.fredleavitt.com/DayTwo.html

Past Attempts to Answer the Question ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Totora, G., Funke, B. and Case, C.. Microbiology: An Introduction . Pg 8. Redwood City: The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company. 1995.

Past Attempts to Answer the Question ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://homepage.hispeed.ch/Final-Frontier/Erde.html

Vital Force or Vital Farce? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],(Minard, PSARC Presentation)

The Miller-Urey Experiment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://ircamera.as.arizona.edu/NatSci102/lectures/lifeform.htm ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The Biochemistry of Titan (Maybe?) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],(Lunine, http://www.astrobio.net/news/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=183)

The Biochemistry of Titan (Maybe?) ,[object Object],(Lunine, http://www.astrobio.net/news/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=183) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://www.arcadiastreet.com/cgvistas/saturn_050a.htm

Strecker Synthesis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Incredible HCN! ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Base Catalyst (Minard, HCN Photos)

Great but, how else can they be protected from degradation? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Biological Triad ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://solarsystem.dlr.de/polarlander/msss/mars_relay/mars2earth/

Biological Triad ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://ffden-2.phys.uaf.edu/211_fall2002.web.dir/Melissa_Smith/Moons.htm http://www.astrobio.net/news/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=713

Planetary Atmospheres ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://lithops.as.arizona.edu/~jill/EPO/Posters/VenusEarthMars/VEM.jpg

The Parsimonious Conclusion ,[object Object],[object Object],http://ircamera.as.arizona.edu/NatSci102/lectures/lifeform.htm *http://ucsu.colorado.edu/~sbrooks/impacts.html

The Parsimonious Conclusion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],*http://ucsu.colorado.edu/~sbrooks/impacts.html http://www.croastro.com/halloffame/halloffame.htm

The Parsimonious Conclusion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://ircamera.as.arizona.edu/NatSci102/lectures/lifeform.htm

The Origin of Organic Molecules ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http:// nolswf.bbc.net.uk/science/space/life/looking/titan.shtml ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

* CRASH!!! * ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://www.donaldedavis.com/2002_addons/MOONFORM.jpg http://nai.arc.nasa.gov/news_stories/news_detail.cfm?ID=111

* CRASH!!! * ,[object Object],[object Object],http://nai.arc.nasa.gov/news_stories/news_detail.cfm?ID=111

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://homepage.sunrise.ch/homepage/schatzer/Alpha-Centauri.html http://www.wncc.cc.ne.us/courses/aveh/lecture/lecevol.htm#Appendix

How plausible is this? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2004/16mar_sedna.htm?list799130

Precious Cargo ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://www.aetheronline.com/mario/AIG/1999+2000/Tantalis.htm

The Chirality Riddle ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://pauillac.inria.fr/algo/vandenbogaert/Proteins/

The Chirality Riddle ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/AAO/local/www/jab/astrobiology/chirality.html/ http://www.sternwarte-ehingen.de/Galerie/SpaceArt.htm

The Chirality Riddle ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/AAO/local/www/jab/astrobiology/chirality.html/ Anglo-Australian Telescope IR Image Highest circular polarization in white

More stuff! ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://www.arcadiastreet.com/cgvistas/venus_030a.htm

More organics form… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://bizpresenter.corbis.com/search/detail.asp?imageid=11517922

High Tide ,[object Object],[object Object],http://www.sternwarte-ehingen.de/Galerie/spaceart/Space-Art_007.jpg

The Moon ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://ircamera.as.arizona.edu/NatSci102/lectures/lifeform.htm

Sunscreen for Pre-biotic Molecules?! ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://www.hsv.k12.al.us/schools/middle/wtms/student/cell/cell_energy.html Mulkidjanian, A.Y. & Junge, W. (1997) On the origin of photosynthesis as inferred from sequence analysis. Photosynthesis Research 51:27-42.

The UV-Protector Hypothesis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Baymann, F., Brugna M., Muhlenhoff, U. & Nitschke, W. (2001) Review: Daddy Where Did PSI Come From? Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1507: 291-310.

Advantages of Clustering ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://bio.winona.msus.edu/bates/Bio241/images/figure-08-12-2.jpg

UV Trapping ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Does this make sense? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://www.indstate.edu/thcme/mwking/heme-porphyrin.html

Lots of chemistry going on it’s all still inanimate… what’s missing ? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://ajt.iki.fi/travel/lsm/page4.html http://www.todayinsci.com/cgi-bin/indexpage.pl?http://www.todayinsci.com/3/3_24.htm

The First “Container”? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/e41/3.htm

Microsphere Meals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://tycho.bgsu.edu/~laird/ast305/class/IVC-5.html

Elusive Phosphorus ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://www.kao.re.kr/~neopat/ne07-1.htm

What a Little Phosphate Can Do ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.bio.davidson.edu/Courses/Molbio/MolStudents/.../Favorite_Molecular_Tool.html

Fatty Acids ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://animalscience.unl.edu/pomplab/metabolome.htm

Creation of Protocells ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://www.stc.uniroma2.it/cfmacro/cfmacroindex.htm

A Pre -RNA World? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://nai.arc.nasa.gov/news_stories/news_detail.cfm?ID=189

A Pre -RNA World? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],(Dr. B. Minard, PSARC Presentation) Cherny, D.Y., et al. , 1993, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90 , 1667-70; Wittung, P. et al. , 1994, Nature , 368 , 561-63.

PNA: A self-complimentary Sequence!

A PNA World ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],(Dr. B. Minard, PSARC Presentation) Cherny, D.Y., et al. , 1992, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90 , 1667-70;

A PNA World ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Arrow = unwound DNA by PNA Cherny, D.Y., et al. , 1992, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90 , 1667-70; ↑ ↓

A T NA World? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chaput, J.C., Ichida, J.K & Szostak, J.W. (2002) DNA Polymerase-Mediated DNA Synthesis on a TNA Template . J. AM. CHEM. SOC. 125, 856-857.

A T NA World? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://www.scripps.edu/research/sr2001/chm03.html

RNA Replication ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://www.esb.utexas.edu/jdudley/bio330/quicktime%20and%20avi%20files.htm

The Protonucleus ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/webb/BOT410/anatweb/pages/ORNuc-4.htm

The Protonucleus ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://ndbserver.rutgers.edu/NDB/NDBATLAS/P/pr0005/pr0005_1_gif.html U1A SPLICEOSOMAL PROTEIN/HEPATITIS DELTA VIRUS GENOMIC RIBOZYME COMPLEX

Protonuclear Division ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://www.biologiateorica.it/organiccodes/cap5/p124.htm

Primitive Protocell Metabolism ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://www.funhousefilms.com/sciencpg.htm

Fortunate mistakes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://image.bloodline.net/stories/storyReader$1349

So… what is it? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://www.bact.wisc.edu/bact330/lecturestaph

A Cenancestor? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://www.braum.de/2001/thomas/hintergrundbilder/1024/Virus.jpg

But… there is one other possibility! ,[object Object],http://www.bact.wisc.edu/bact330/lecturestaph

What is agreed upon ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://bio.winona.msus.edu/bates/Bio241/images/figure-08-12-2.jpg

UV-Protector  Energy Producer ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Exhibit A: Careful! It’s 3.5 billion years old! ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/historyoflife/mysteries/mystery9/mystery9.html

Acknowledgements ,[object Object],Dr. Greg Ferry Dr. John Golbeck Sabrina Zimmerman

The Origin Of Life Dual Origin Hypothesis

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The Origin Of Life Dual Origin Hypothesis