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Rive r he a lth a s s e s s me nt in
the lo we r Ye llo w Rive r
黄河下游河流健康评估
Dr Chris Gippel, Australia
Chris Gippel 博士

Project Completion Workshop
项目完工研讨会



Ministry of Water Resources 水利部
2012 February 23 201 2 年 2 月 23 日
O b je c tive s fra me wo rk ( fro m YRC C )
     目标框架(来自水利部黄河水利委员会)
The five “ H e a lthy Ind ic a to rs o f      C o mmo n rive r he a lth ind ic a to r
the Ye llo w Rive r”                          c a te g o rie s
•   Flo w c o n tin u ity 河流连续性               H yd ro lo g y 水文

•   C h an n e l c o n fig u ratio n fo r wate r G e o mo rp ho lo g y 地貌
    an d s e d im e n t tran s p o rtatio n 河道水
    和泥沙输送量

•   Wate r q u ality s tan d ard 河水质量标        Wa te r q ua lity 水质
    准
•   Rive r e c o s ys te m 河流生态系统             E c o lo g y 生态

•   Wate r s u p p ly c ap ac ity 河水供应量       S o c ia l- e c o no mic 社会经济
S o c ia l a nd e nviro nme nta l rive r he a lth ind ic a to rs
                    社会环境河流健康指标
               Water quality                                 Plants




                                                                        物
                                                                        植
                                  质
                                  水
                                      Ecology – channel   Mac ro in ve rte b rate s
               Flood risk




                              险
                              风
                              水
                              洪
                                              -




                                            态
                                            生

                                                道
                                                通




                                                           物
                                                           动
                                                           椎
                                                           脊
                                                           无
                                                           型
                                                           大
                                                                Fish




                                                                        鱼
               Drought risk




                              险
                              风
                              旱
                              干
                                       Ecology – Delta    Wetland vegetation
                                            -




                                                                被
                                                                植
                                                                地
                                                                湿
                                           态
                                           生

                                                洲
                                                角
                                                三
Social         Hydropower
         会
         社




                                  电
                                  水
                Recreation


                              乐
                              娱
                                         Hydrology        E-flow components




                                                             素
                                                             要
                                                             量
                                                             流
                                                             境
                                                             环
                                           学
                                           文
                                           水
               Water supply
                                  水
                                  供
                                        Water quality     Chinese standards
                Navigation
                              运
                              航




                                                                准
                                                                标
                                                                国
                                                                中
                                            质
                                            水
                                                            Sediment conc’n
                                        Physical form




                                                                  量
                                                                  沙
                                                                  含
                                                             Sediment load
                                         态
                                         形
                                         然
                                         自




                                                                 量
                                                                 沙
                                                                 输
Re a c he s a nd a s s e ts 河段和生态资产



                                      4

                              3


                        2


               1
Re fe re nc e va lue s 参照值
•   H is to ric al s u rve y d ata 历史调查数据
•   B e s t attain ab le c o n d itio n , i.e . th e e xp e c te d c o n d itio n if B MP
    (B e s t Man ag e m e n t Prac tic e s ) we re in u s e , fo r a g ive n u s e o f
    th e rive r/c atc h m e n t
    力所能及,即对河流积水进行合理利用后,用最好的管
    理,达到预期的标准
•   S tan d ard s re q u ire d fo r d e s ig n ate d u s e (s wim m in g , fis h in g ,
    in d u s try, ag ric u ltu re , d rin kin g , e .g . C h in a Rive r C ate g o rie s I- V)
  为满足特定要求必须达到的标准(游泳,钓鱼,工业,
  农业,饮用等 )
• Man ag e m e n t targ e t 管理目标
Social and environmental river health indicators
                     社会环境河流健康指标
                 Water quality                                Plants




                                                                       物
                                                                       植
                                    质
                                    水
                  Flood risk            Ecology – channel   Macroinvertebrates




                                风
                                水
                                洪
                                                -




                                              态
                                              生

                                                  道
                                                  通




                                                            物
                                                            动
                                                            椎
                                                            脊
                                                            无
                                                            型
                                                            大
                          险
                                                                Fish




                                                                       鱼
                 Drought risk




                                险
                                风
                                旱
                                干
                                         Ecology – Delta    Wetland vegetation
                                              -




                                                                被
                                                                植
                                                                地
                                                                湿
                                             态
                                             生

                                                  洲
                                                  角
                                                  三
Social           Hydropower
         会
         社




                                    电
                                    水
                  Recreation


                                乐
                                娱
                                           Hydrology        E-flow components




                                                              素
                                                              要
                                                              量
                                                              流
                                                              境
                                                              环
                                             学
                                             文
                                             水
                 Water supply
                                    水
                                    供
                                          Water quality     Chinese standards
                  Navigation
                                运
                                航




                                                                准
                                                                标
                                                                国
                                                                中
                                              质
                                              水
                                                             Sediment conc’n
                                          Physical form




                                                                  量
                                                                  沙
                                                                  含
                                                              Sediment load
                                           态
                                           形
                                           然
                                           自




                                                                  量
                                                                  沙
                                                                  输
Invertebrates   Fish
无脊椎动物           鱼类
                Institute of Hydrobiology,
                Chinese Academy of
                Sciences, Wuhan, 2008
Plants
                   中科院武汉水生所
植物                 2008




                                             Two surveys – Spring and Autumn
                                             两次调查 - 春、秋
Social and environmental river health indicators
                     社会环境河流健康指标
                 Water quality                                Plants




                                                                       物
                                                                       植
                                    质
                                    水
                  Flood risk            Ecology – channel   Macroinvertebrates




                                风
                                水
                                洪
                                                -




                                              态
                                              生

                                                  道
                                                  通




                                                            物
                                                            动
                                                            椎
                                                            脊
                                                            无
                                                            型
                                                            大
                          险
                                                                Fish




                                                                       鱼
                 Drought risk




                                险
                                风
                                旱
                                干
                                         Ecology – Delta    Wetland vegetation
                                              -




                                                                被
                                                                植
                                                                地
                                                                湿
                                             态
                                             生

                                                  洲
                                                  角
                                                  三
Social           Hydropower
         会
         社




                                    电
                                    水
                  Recreation


                                乐
                                娱
                                           Hydrology        E-flow components




                                                              素
                                                              要
                                                              量
                                                              流
                                                              境
                                                              环
                                             学
                                             文
                                             水
                 Water supply
                                    水
                                    供
                                          Water quality     Chinese standards
                  Navigation
                                运
                                航




                                                                准
                                                                标
                                                                国
                                                                中
                                              质
                                              水
                                                             Sediment conc’n
                                          Physical form




                                                                  量
                                                                  沙
                                                                  含
                                                              Sediment load
                                           态
                                           形
                                           然
                                           自




                                                                  量
                                                                  沙
                                                                  输
2001                           2009




NASA/GSFC/METI/ERSDAC/JAROS,
and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team
三大天然植被类型



U s e re m o te s e n s in g to id e n tify are as
    o f 遥感识别 :
•                                 芦苇
    Re e d (P hrag m ite s austral )
                                  is
• S u ae d a (S uae d a salsa) 翅碱蓬
• Tam aris k (Tam arix chine nsis) 柽
  柳
•   F arm lan d (a th re at)
  农田(是一个威胁因素)
• D e lta are a 三角洲面积
Social and environmental river health indicators
                     社会环境河流健康指标
                 Water quality                                Plants




                                                                       物
                                                                       植
                                    质
                                    水
                 Flood risk             Ecology – channel   Macroinvertebrates




                                风
                                水
                                洪
                                                -




                                              态
                                              生
                                                  道
                                                  通




                                                            物
                                                            动
                                                            椎
                                                            脊
                                                            无
                                                            型
                                                            大
                          险
                                                                Fish




                                                                       鱼
                 Drought risk




                                险
                                风
                                旱
                                干
                                         Ecology – Delta    Wetland vegetation
                                               -




                                                                被
                                                                植
                                                                地
                                                                湿
                                             态
                                             生
                                                 洲
                                                 角
                                                 三
Social           Hydropower
         会
         社




                                    电
                                    水
                  Recreation


                                乐
                                娱
                                           Hydrology        E-flow components




                                                             素
                                                             要
                                                             量
                                                             流
                                                             境
                                                             环
                                            学
                                            文
                                            水
                 Water supply
                                    水
                                    供
                                          Water quality     Chinese standards
                  Navigation
                                运
                                航




                                                                准
                                                                标
                                                                国
                                                                中
                                             质
                                             水
                                                             Sediment conc’n
                                          Physical form




                                                                 量
                                                                 沙
                                                                 含
                                                              Sediment load
                                           态
                                           形
                                           然
                                           自




                                                                 量
                                                                 沙
                                                                 输
Hyd ro lo g y 水文
•   Two ap p ro ac h e s u s e d 2 种方法 :

     – In d e x o f Flo w D e viatio n (m o n th ly d ata)
        流量变异指数 ( 每月的水文数据 )

     – In d e x o f Flo w H e alth (d aily d ata – n e e d e - flo ws as s e s s m e n t)
        环境流健康指数(每日数据 - 需要环境流的评估)
Social and environmental river health indicators
                     社会环境河流健康指标
                 Water quality                                Plants




                                                                       物
                                                                       植
                                    质
                                    水
                  Flood risk            Ecology – channel   Macroinvertebrates




                                风
                                水
                                洪
                                                -




                                              态
                                              生

                                                  道
                                                  通




                                                            物
                                                            动
                                                            椎
                                                            脊
                                                            无
                                                            型
                                                            大
                          险
                                                                Fish




                                                                       鱼
                 Drought risk




                                险
                                风
                                旱
                                干
                                         Ecology – Delta    Wetland vegetation
                                              -




                                                                被
                                                                植
                                                                地
                                                                湿
                                             态
                                             生

                                                  洲
                                                  角
                                                  三
Social           Hydropower
         会
         社




                                    电
                                    水
                  Recreation


                                乐
                                娱
                                           Hydrology        E-flow components




                                                              素
                                                              要
                                                              量
                                                              流
                                                              境
                                                              环
                                             学
                                             文
                                             水
                 Water supply
                                    水
                                    供
                                          Water quality     Chinese standards
                  Navigation
                                运
                                航




                                                                准
                                                                标
                                                                国
                                                                中
                                              质
                                              水
                                                             Sediment conc’n
                                          Physical form




                                                                  量
                                                                  沙
                                                                  含
                                                              Sediment load
                                           态
                                           形
                                           然
                                           自




                                                                  量
                                                                  沙
                                                                  输
Wa te r q ua lity 水质
        % o f time me e ting s ta nd a rd 全年达标天
        数比例 娱乐用途 工农业和公园
          饮用                            生态河流健康
           Drinking water                                               Recreation                                      Industry agriculture and parks                                                                                                                     Ecological river health




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     National conservation




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Fish winter survival
                                                                                                                                                                                                           irrigation of parks and
                                                                                                                         Aquaculture

                                                                                                                                       General industrial


                                                                                                                                                            Industrial cooling

                                                                                                                                                                                 Agricultural irrigation




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Sensitive and rare
                                                           Primary contact

                                                                             Secondary ccontact

                                                                                                  Passive non-contact
 中国标准




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Fish migration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Fish spawning

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Fish rearing
                                             treatment)
          Source areas




                                     2nd Class (requires




                                                                                                                                                                                                              created landscapes




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               aquatic species
                                                                                                                                                   uses




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    areas




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        species
                         1st Class




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Common aquatic
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Arbitrary
Chinese                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     aquatic
 Grade                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    health rating
   I        S              S                S                 S                  S                    S                    S                  S                 S                     S                            S                         S                     S                   S              S              S               S                 S                  High-V. high
   II       U              S                S                 S                  S                    S                    S                  S                 S                     S                            S                         U                     S                   S              S              S               S                 S                  Mod. -High
  III       U              U                S                 S                  S                    S                    S                  S                 S                     S                            S                         U                     U                   S              U              U               S                 S                   Low-Mod.
  IV        U              U                U                 U                  S                    S                    U                  S                 S                     S                            S                         U                     U                   U              U              U               U                 U                   Very low

  V         U              U                U                 U                  U                    S                    U                  U                 S                     S                            S                         U                     U                   U              U              U               U                 U                   Very low
  VI        U              U                U                 U                  U                    U                    U                  U                 U                     U                            U                         U                     U                   U              U              U               U                 U                   No value


                         U = 不当 S = 适合                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              中国 II 类水 = 良
                                                                                                                                                    中国标准 III = 黄河下游的官方标准
Social and environmental river health indicators
                     社会环境河流健康指标
                 Water quality                                Plants




                                                                       物
                                                                       植
                                    质
                                    水
                  Flood risk            Ecology – channel   Macroinvertebrates




                                风
                                水
                                洪
                                                -




                                              态
                                              生

                                                  道
                                                  通




                                                            物
                                                            动
                                                            椎
                                                            脊
                                                            无
                                                            型
                                                            大
                          险
                                                                Fish




                                                                       鱼
                 Drought risk




                                险
                                风
                                旱
                                干
                                         Ecology – Delta    Wetland vegetation
                                              -




                                                                被
                                                                植
                                                                地
                                                                湿
                                             态
                                             生

                                                  洲
                                                  角
                                                  三
Social           Hydropower
         会
         社




                                    电
                                    水
                  Recreation


                                乐
                                娱
                                           Hydrology        E-flow components




                                                              素
                                                              要
                                                              量
                                                              流
                                                              境
                                                              环
                                             学
                                             文
                                             水
                 Water supply
                                    水
                                    供
                                          Water quality     Chinese standards
                  Navigation
                                运
                                航




                                                                准
                                                                标
                                                                国
                                                                中
                                              质
                                              水
                                                             Sediment conc’n
                                          Physical form




                                                                  量
                                                                  沙
                                                                  含
                                                              Sediment load
                                           态
                                           形
                                           然
                                           自




                                                                  量
                                                                  沙
                                                                  输
输沙量指数
                           利津泥沙负荷
            9                                                                                               1.0

            8                                                                                               0.9
                                                                                                            0.8




                                                                                                            S)
            7                                                                      Sediment load at Lijin




                                                                                                                      输沙量指数
        n
        o
        s
        e




                                                                                                            L
       8t
        )
年输沙量




                                                                                   Sediment load Index      0.7
            6
                                                                                                            0.6
            5

            4                              Progradation of Delta        黄河三角洲将增长                            0.5
                                                                                                            0.4

                                                                        黄河三角洲将减少
            3                                Erosion of Delta
                                                                                                            0.3




                                                                                                                  m
            2




                                                                                                                  S
                                                                                                                  o
                                                                                                                  n
                                                                                                                  d
                                                                                                                  x
                                                                                                                  a
                                                                                                                  e
                                                                                                            0.2




                                                                                                                  (
                                                                                                                  t
                                                                                                                  I
                                                                                                                  l
                                                                                                                  i
       m




            1
       A




                                                                                                            0.1
       o
       d
       u
       n
       0
       1
       e
       s
       a
       (
       t
       i
       l




            0                                                                                               0.0
                1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Social and environmental river health indicators
                     社会环境河流健康指标
                 Water quality                                Plants




                                                                       物
                                                                       植
                                    质
                                    水
                  Flood risk            Ecology – channel   Macroinvertebrates




                                风
                                水
                                洪
                                                -




                                              态
                                              生

                                                  道
                                                  通




                                                            物
                                                            动
                                                            椎
                                                            脊
                                                            无
                                                            型
                                                            大
                          险
                                                                Fish




                                                                       鱼
                 Drought risk




                                险
                                风
                                旱
                                干
                                         Ecology – Delta    Wetland vegetation
                                              -




                                                                被
                                                                植
                                                                地
                                                                湿
                                             态
                                             生

                                                  洲
                                                  角
                                                  三
Social           Hydropower
         会
         社




                                    电
                                    水
                  Recreation


                                乐
                                娱
                                           Hydrology        E-flow components




                                                              素
                                                              要
                                                              量
                                                              流
                                                              境
                                                              环
                                             学
                                             文
                                             水
                 Water supply
                                    水
                                    供
                                          Water quality     Chinese standards
                  Navigation
                                运
                                航




                                                                准
                                                                标
                                                                国
                                                                中
                                              质
                                              水
                                                             Sediment conc’n
                                          Physical form




                                                                  量
                                                                  沙
                                                                  含
                                                              Sediment load
                                           态
                                           形
                                           然
                                           自




                                                                  量
                                                                  沙
                                                                  输
P o te ntia l ind ic a to rs 潜在指标


    1.0
    0.9
    0.8
    0.7                                       Flood risk      洪水风险
    0.6                                       Drought risk    干旱风险
    0.5                                       Water consumption 耗水量
    0.4                                       Navigation    航运
    0.3                                       Water quality   水质
    0.2                                       Hydropower    水力发电
S
u
d
n
h
o
v
e
a
c
r
t
l
i




    0.1
    0.0
           2005   2006   2007   2008   2009
6 river health assessment   yellow river pilot-cand_e
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6 river health assessment   yellow river pilot-cand_e
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6 river health assessment yellow river pilot-cand_e

  • 1. Rive r he a lth a s s e s s me nt in the lo we r Ye llo w Rive r 黄河下游河流健康评估 Dr Chris Gippel, Australia Chris Gippel 博士 Project Completion Workshop 项目完工研讨会 Ministry of Water Resources 水利部 2012 February 23 201 2 年 2 月 23 日
  • 2. O b je c tive s fra me wo rk ( fro m YRC C ) 目标框架(来自水利部黄河水利委员会) The five “ H e a lthy Ind ic a to rs o f C o mmo n rive r he a lth ind ic a to r the Ye llo w Rive r” c a te g o rie s • Flo w c o n tin u ity 河流连续性 H yd ro lo g y 水文 • C h an n e l c o n fig u ratio n fo r wate r G e o mo rp ho lo g y 地貌 an d s e d im e n t tran s p o rtatio n 河道水 和泥沙输送量 • Wate r q u ality s tan d ard 河水质量标 Wa te r q ua lity 水质 准 • Rive r e c o s ys te m 河流生态系统 E c o lo g y 生态 • Wate r s u p p ly c ap ac ity 河水供应量 S o c ia l- e c o no mic 社会经济
  • 3. S o c ia l a nd e nviro nme nta l rive r he a lth ind ic a to rs 社会环境河流健康指标 Water quality Plants 物 植 质 水 Ecology – channel Mac ro in ve rte b rate s Flood risk 险 风 水 洪 - 态 生 道 通 物 动 椎 脊 无 型 大 Fish 鱼 Drought risk 险 风 旱 干 Ecology – Delta Wetland vegetation - 被 植 地 湿 态 生 洲 角 三 Social Hydropower 会 社 电 水 Recreation 乐 娱 Hydrology E-flow components 素 要 量 流 境 环 学 文 水 Water supply 水 供 Water quality Chinese standards Navigation 运 航 准 标 国 中 质 水 Sediment conc’n Physical form 量 沙 含 Sediment load 态 形 然 自 量 沙 输
  • 4. Re a c he s a nd a s s e ts 河段和生态资产 4 3 2 1
  • 5. Re fe re nc e va lue s 参照值 • H is to ric al s u rve y d ata 历史调查数据 • B e s t attain ab le c o n d itio n , i.e . th e e xp e c te d c o n d itio n if B MP (B e s t Man ag e m e n t Prac tic e s ) we re in u s e , fo r a g ive n u s e o f th e rive r/c atc h m e n t 力所能及,即对河流积水进行合理利用后,用最好的管 理,达到预期的标准 • S tan d ard s re q u ire d fo r d e s ig n ate d u s e (s wim m in g , fis h in g , in d u s try, ag ric u ltu re , d rin kin g , e .g . C h in a Rive r C ate g o rie s I- V) 为满足特定要求必须达到的标准(游泳,钓鱼,工业, 农业,饮用等 ) • Man ag e m e n t targ e t 管理目标
  • 6. Social and environmental river health indicators 社会环境河流健康指标 Water quality Plants 物 植 质 水 Flood risk Ecology – channel Macroinvertebrates 风 水 洪 - 态 生 道 通 物 动 椎 脊 无 型 大 险 Fish 鱼 Drought risk 险 风 旱 干 Ecology – Delta Wetland vegetation - 被 植 地 湿 态 生 洲 角 三 Social Hydropower 会 社 电 水 Recreation 乐 娱 Hydrology E-flow components 素 要 量 流 境 环 学 文 水 Water supply 水 供 Water quality Chinese standards Navigation 运 航 准 标 国 中 质 水 Sediment conc’n Physical form 量 沙 含 Sediment load 态 形 然 自 量 沙 输
  • 7. Invertebrates Fish 无脊椎动物 鱼类 Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 2008 Plants 中科院武汉水生所 植物 2008 Two surveys – Spring and Autumn 两次调查 - 春、秋
  • 8. Social and environmental river health indicators 社会环境河流健康指标 Water quality Plants 物 植 质 水 Flood risk Ecology – channel Macroinvertebrates 风 水 洪 - 态 生 道 通 物 动 椎 脊 无 型 大 险 Fish 鱼 Drought risk 险 风 旱 干 Ecology – Delta Wetland vegetation - 被 植 地 湿 态 生 洲 角 三 Social Hydropower 会 社 电 水 Recreation 乐 娱 Hydrology E-flow components 素 要 量 流 境 环 学 文 水 Water supply 水 供 Water quality Chinese standards Navigation 运 航 准 标 国 中 质 水 Sediment conc’n Physical form 量 沙 含 Sediment load 态 形 然 自 量 沙 输
  • 9. 2001 2009 NASA/GSFC/METI/ERSDAC/JAROS, and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team
  • 10. 三大天然植被类型 U s e re m o te s e n s in g to id e n tify are as o f 遥感识别 : • 芦苇 Re e d (P hrag m ite s austral ) is • S u ae d a (S uae d a salsa) 翅碱蓬 • Tam aris k (Tam arix chine nsis) 柽 柳 • F arm lan d (a th re at) 农田(是一个威胁因素) • D e lta are a 三角洲面积
  • 11.
  • 12. Social and environmental river health indicators 社会环境河流健康指标 Water quality Plants 物 植 质 水 Flood risk Ecology – channel Macroinvertebrates 风 水 洪 - 态 生 道 通 物 动 椎 脊 无 型 大 险 Fish 鱼 Drought risk 险 风 旱 干 Ecology – Delta Wetland vegetation - 被 植 地 湿 态 生 洲 角 三 Social Hydropower 会 社 电 水 Recreation 乐 娱 Hydrology E-flow components 素 要 量 流 境 环 学 文 水 Water supply 水 供 Water quality Chinese standards Navigation 运 航 准 标 国 中 质 水 Sediment conc’n Physical form 量 沙 含 Sediment load 态 形 然 自 量 沙 输
  • 13. Hyd ro lo g y 水文 • Two ap p ro ac h e s u s e d 2 种方法 : – In d e x o f Flo w D e viatio n (m o n th ly d ata) 流量变异指数 ( 每月的水文数据 ) – In d e x o f Flo w H e alth (d aily d ata – n e e d e - flo ws as s e s s m e n t) 环境流健康指数(每日数据 - 需要环境流的评估)
  • 14. Social and environmental river health indicators 社会环境河流健康指标 Water quality Plants 物 植 质 水 Flood risk Ecology – channel Macroinvertebrates 风 水 洪 - 态 生 道 通 物 动 椎 脊 无 型 大 险 Fish 鱼 Drought risk 险 风 旱 干 Ecology – Delta Wetland vegetation - 被 植 地 湿 态 生 洲 角 三 Social Hydropower 会 社 电 水 Recreation 乐 娱 Hydrology E-flow components 素 要 量 流 境 环 学 文 水 Water supply 水 供 Water quality Chinese standards Navigation 运 航 准 标 国 中 质 水 Sediment conc’n Physical form 量 沙 含 Sediment load 态 形 然 自 量 沙 输
  • 15. Wa te r q ua lity 水质 % o f time me e ting s ta nd a rd 全年达标天 数比例 娱乐用途 工农业和公园 饮用 生态河流健康 Drinking water Recreation Industry agriculture and parks Ecological river health National conservation Fish winter survival irrigation of parks and Aquaculture General industrial Industrial cooling Agricultural irrigation Sensitive and rare Primary contact Secondary ccontact Passive non-contact 中国标准 Fish migration Fish spawning Fish rearing treatment) Source areas 2nd Class (requires created landscapes aquatic species uses areas species 1st Class Common aquatic Arbitrary Chinese aquatic Grade health rating I S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S High-V. high II U S S S S S S S S S S U S S S S S S Mod. -High III U U S S S S S S S S S U U S U U S S Low-Mod. IV U U U U S S U S S S S U U U U U U U Very low V U U U U U S U U S S S U U U U U U U Very low VI U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U No value U = 不当 S = 适合 中国 II 类水 = 良 中国标准 III = 黄河下游的官方标准
  • 16. Social and environmental river health indicators 社会环境河流健康指标 Water quality Plants 物 植 质 水 Flood risk Ecology – channel Macroinvertebrates 风 水 洪 - 态 生 道 通 物 动 椎 脊 无 型 大 险 Fish 鱼 Drought risk 险 风 旱 干 Ecology – Delta Wetland vegetation - 被 植 地 湿 态 生 洲 角 三 Social Hydropower 会 社 电 水 Recreation 乐 娱 Hydrology E-flow components 素 要 量 流 境 环 学 文 水 Water supply 水 供 Water quality Chinese standards Navigation 运 航 准 标 国 中 质 水 Sediment conc’n Physical form 量 沙 含 Sediment load 态 形 然 自 量 沙 输
  • 17. 输沙量指数 利津泥沙负荷 9 1.0 8 0.9 0.8 S) 7 Sediment load at Lijin 输沙量指数 n o s e L 8t ) 年输沙量 Sediment load Index 0.7 6 0.6 5 4 Progradation of Delta 黄河三角洲将增长 0.5 0.4 黄河三角洲将减少 3 Erosion of Delta 0.3 m 2 S o n d x a e 0.2 ( t I l i m 1 A 0.1 o d u n 0 1 e s a ( t i l 0 0.0 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
  • 18. Social and environmental river health indicators 社会环境河流健康指标 Water quality Plants 物 植 质 水 Flood risk Ecology – channel Macroinvertebrates 风 水 洪 - 态 生 道 通 物 动 椎 脊 无 型 大 险 Fish 鱼 Drought risk 险 风 旱 干 Ecology – Delta Wetland vegetation - 被 植 地 湿 态 生 洲 角 三 Social Hydropower 会 社 电 水 Recreation 乐 娱 Hydrology E-flow components 素 要 量 流 境 环 学 文 水 Water supply 水 供 Water quality Chinese standards Navigation 运 航 准 标 国 中 质 水 Sediment conc’n Physical form 量 沙 含 Sediment load 态 形 然 自 量 沙 输
  • 19. P o te ntia l ind ic a to rs 潜在指标 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 Flood risk 洪水风险 0.6 Drought risk 干旱风险 0.5 Water consumption 耗水量 0.4 Navigation 航运 0.3 Water quality 水质 0.2 Hydropower 水力发电 S u d n h o v e a c r t l i 0.1 0.0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009