SlideShare ist ein Scribd-Unternehmen logo
1 von 14
河流健康评估的采样问题

澳大利亚 C h ris G ip p e l 博士

中澳河湖健康评估研讨会

水利部
201 2 年 2 月 22 日
低                                对于变化的敏感性                        高

                                        尺度
100 – 1,000,000 km2 10 – 1000 km2    100 – 10,000 m   1 – 100 m   0.1 – 1.0 m




       流域            功能过程区                河段            站点          微型栖息地


       报告站点的综合得分                       报告站点的单项得分
Border Rivers




Fish              Macroinvertebrates
多少站点 ?
•   莫雷 - 达令流域
    – 1, 061, 469 km 2
    – 506 个鱼类站点 ; 773 个大型无脊椎动物站点
        • 鱼类:每 2100 km 2 1 个站点
        • 大型无脊椎动物:每 1370 km 2 1 个站点
•   维多利亚州
    – 227, 416 km 2
    – 1 ,040 河段 / 站点
        • 每 219 km 2 1 个站点
•   东南昆士兰州
    – 22, 420 km 2
    – 1 35 个站点
        • 每 166 km 2 1 个站点
多少站点 ?
•   预算
•   目标
    – 确认已知的问题 ( 如废水造成的污染 )
         • 在问题的所在地设点
    – 长期监测流域健康变化
         • 需具有足够的统计数据来发现变化
空间变化       时间变化

                     低          低
      很少




                     低          高

发现变化所需的站点数目


                     高          低




                     高          高
      很多
多久进行一次采样 ?
•   预算
•   目标
    – 季节变化是重要的 ( 取决于河系 )
       – 每年 2 次
    – 纳入年度报告时间表中
       – 每年 1 次或 2 次
    – 长期变化是主要的优先议题
       – 每 2 – 5年
    – 缓慢变化的参数 ( 如植被,物理形态 )
       – 每 2 – 5年
将站点放在何处 ?
•   预算
•   目标

•   随机
    – 成本最高
    – 统计上最好
    – 固定和移动站点相结合
•   分层
    – 具有在一个特定区域选择适宜站点的灵活性
•   不随机
    –   “ 寻找数据” – 寻找已经问题的证据
    –   避免处于不良健康状况的站点
    –   只选择大型河流或者受关注程度高的站点
    –   存在系统偏见的风险 ( 如所有站点都靠近道路或桥 )
在选定站点的取样
•   如果是因为容易进入而选择该站点,那么避免不寻常的活动 :
    –   汽车穿越河流 ;
    –   废物处置 ;
    –   娱乐钓鱼 ;
    –   采砂 ;
    –   采木 ;
    –   洗衣服和洗菜
•   遵循标准规程
总结
•   采样战略取决于 :
    –   预算
    –   目标
    –   数据的预期变异性
    –   报告的尺度

    需要在设点前确定这些事项


•   监测计划的采样战略应该由统计专家设计
    – 作为最低要求,报告采样战略


•   在取样现场遵循标准规程

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Was ist angesagt?

2.2 the hydrological index in yellow river health assessment cand_e
2.2 the hydrological index in yellow river health assessment cand_e2.2 the hydrological index in yellow river health assessment cand_e
2.2 the hydrological index in yellow river health assessment cand_eInternational WaterCentre
 
塔寮坑溪污染專案稽查-水保處
塔寮坑溪污染專案稽查-水保處塔寮坑溪污染專案稽查-水保處
塔寮坑溪污染專案稽查-水保處epaslideshare
 
给排水设计实例
给排水设计实例给排水设计实例
给排水设计实例ray767
 
5 river health assessment and environmental flow in liao river __ project su...
5 river health assessment and environmental flow in liao river  __ project su...5 river health assessment and environmental flow in liao river  __ project su...
5 river health assessment and environmental flow in liao river __ project su...International WaterCentre
 
我們的水環境
我們的水環境我們的水環境
我們的水環境tangyin430
 
都市惡水獲新生- 6條都會型河川整治階段完成
都市惡水獲新生- 6條都會型河川整治階段完成都市惡水獲新生- 6條都會型河川整治階段完成
都市惡水獲新生- 6條都會型河川整治階段完成epaslideshare
 
環保署推動e化認養淨灘、公布淨灘及調查成果
環保署推動e化認養淨灘、公布淨灘及調查成果環保署推動e化認養淨灘、公布淨灘及調查成果
環保署推動e化認養淨灘、公布淨灘及調查成果epaslideshare
 

Was ist angesagt? (8)

2.2 the hydrological index in yellow river health assessment cand_e
2.2 the hydrological index in yellow river health assessment cand_e2.2 the hydrological index in yellow river health assessment cand_e
2.2 the hydrological index in yellow river health assessment cand_e
 
塔寮坑溪污染專案稽查-水保處
塔寮坑溪污染專案稽查-水保處塔寮坑溪污染專案稽查-水保處
塔寮坑溪污染專案稽查-水保處
 
给排水设计实例
给排水设计实例给排水设计实例
给排水设计实例
 
5 river health assessment and environmental flow in liao river __ project su...
5 river health assessment and environmental flow in liao river  __ project su...5 river health assessment and environmental flow in liao river  __ project su...
5 river health assessment and environmental flow in liao river __ project su...
 
我們的水環境
我們的水環境我們的水環境
我們的水環境
 
都市惡水獲新生- 6條都會型河川整治階段完成
都市惡水獲新生- 6條都會型河川整治階段完成都市惡水獲新生- 6條都會型河川整治階段完成
都市惡水獲新生- 6條都會型河川整治階段完成
 
環保署推動e化認養淨灘、公布淨灘及調查成果
環保署推動e化認養淨灘、公布淨灘及調查成果環保署推動e化認養淨灘、公布淨灘及調查成果
環保署推動e化認養淨灘、公布淨灘及調查成果
 
1080521
10805211080521
1080521
 

Andere mochten auch

Dewha les roberts mdba part 2 acedp tour 23 nov 09
Dewha les roberts mdba part 2 acedp  tour 23 nov 09Dewha les roberts mdba part 2 acedp  tour 23 nov 09
Dewha les roberts mdba part 2 acedp tour 23 nov 09International WaterCentre
 
Inspect typical water monitoring equipment alan hooper
Inspect typical water monitoring equipment alan hooperInspect typical water monitoring equipment alan hooper
Inspect typical water monitoring equipment alan hooperInternational WaterCentre
 
1.2 developing a national river health program in australia en
1.2 developing a national river health program in australia en1.2 developing a national river health program in australia en
1.2 developing a national river health program in australia enInternational WaterCentre
 
4.1 macro invertebrates as ecological indicators-cn
4.1 macro invertebrates as ecological indicators-cn4.1 macro invertebrates as ecological indicators-cn
4.1 macro invertebrates as ecological indicators-cnInternational WaterCentre
 
2.1 hydrological methods for river health assessment cn
2.1 hydrological methods for river health assessment cn2.1 hydrological methods for river health assessment cn
2.1 hydrological methods for river health assessment cnInternational WaterCentre
 
C leigh river health indicators and assessment nov2010
C leigh river health indicators and assessment nov2010C leigh river health indicators and assessment nov2010
C leigh river health indicators and assessment nov2010International WaterCentre
 
3.2 fish survey in songliao river basin c_nonly
3.2 fish survey in songliao river basin c_nonly3.2 fish survey in songliao river basin c_nonly
3.2 fish survey in songliao river basin c_nonlyInternational WaterCentre
 
Progress of river health and e flow in china
Progress of river health and e flow in chinaProgress of river health and e flow in china
Progress of river health and e flow in chinaInternational WaterCentre
 
Dewha b seung baek presentation 231109 [compatibil
Dewha b seung baek presentation 231109 [compatibilDewha b seung baek presentation 231109 [compatibil
Dewha b seung baek presentation 231109 [compatibilInternational WaterCentre
 
Water Resources Planning and Governance in Highly Contested Rivers
Water Resources Planning and Governance in Highly Contested RiversWater Resources Planning and Governance in Highly Contested Rivers
Water Resources Planning and Governance in Highly Contested RiversInternational WaterCentre
 
Craes xiaodong-integrated river health assessment
Craes xiaodong-integrated river health assessmentCraes xiaodong-integrated river health assessment
Craes xiaodong-integrated river health assessmentInternational WaterCentre
 
6 Sampling, sorting, identification, and the application fro river health c_n...
6 Sampling, sorting, identification, and the application fro river health c_n...6 Sampling, sorting, identification, and the application fro river health c_n...
6 Sampling, sorting, identification, and the application fro river health c_n...International WaterCentre
 
3.1 the use of fish as ecological indicators cn
3.1 the use of fish as ecological indicators cn3.1 the use of fish as ecological indicators cn
3.1 the use of fish as ecological indicators cnInternational WaterCentre
 
6 river health assessment yellow river pilot-cand_e
6 river health assessment   yellow river pilot-cand_e6 river health assessment   yellow river pilot-cand_e
6 river health assessment yellow river pilot-cand_eInternational WaterCentre
 

Andere mochten auch (20)

Dewha les roberts mdba part 2 acedp tour 23 nov 09
Dewha les roberts mdba part 2 acedp  tour 23 nov 09Dewha les roberts mdba part 2 acedp  tour 23 nov 09
Dewha les roberts mdba part 2 acedp tour 23 nov 09
 
T s3 gh3_worawan sukraroek
T s3 gh3_worawan sukraroekT s3 gh3_worawan sukraroek
T s3 gh3_worawan sukraroek
 
Inspect typical water monitoring equipment alan hooper
Inspect typical water monitoring equipment alan hooperInspect typical water monitoring equipment alan hooper
Inspect typical water monitoring equipment alan hooper
 
Greg claydon mdb plan overview nov 2010
Greg claydon mdb plan overview nov 2010Greg claydon mdb plan overview nov 2010
Greg claydon mdb plan overview nov 2010
 
1.2 developing a national river health program in australia en
1.2 developing a national river health program in australia en1.2 developing a national river health program in australia en
1.2 developing a national river health program in australia en
 
4.1 macro invertebrates as ecological indicators-cn
4.1 macro invertebrates as ecological indicators-cn4.1 macro invertebrates as ecological indicators-cn
4.1 macro invertebrates as ecological indicators-cn
 
2.1 hydrological methods for river health assessment cn
2.1 hydrological methods for river health assessment cn2.1 hydrological methods for river health assessment cn
2.1 hydrological methods for river health assessment cn
 
C leigh river health indicators and assessment nov2010
C leigh river health indicators and assessment nov2010C leigh river health indicators and assessment nov2010
C leigh river health indicators and assessment nov2010
 
3.2 fish survey in songliao river basin c_nonly
3.2 fish survey in songliao river basin c_nonly3.2 fish survey in songliao river basin c_nonly
3.2 fish survey in songliao river basin c_nonly
 
Progress of river health and e flow in china
Progress of river health and e flow in chinaProgress of river health and e flow in china
Progress of river health and e flow in china
 
Dewha b seung baek presentation 231109 [compatibil
Dewha b seung baek presentation 231109 [compatibilDewha b seung baek presentation 231109 [compatibil
Dewha b seung baek presentation 231109 [compatibil
 
Gippel hydrology & rh nov_2010_b
Gippel hydrology & rh nov_2010_bGippel hydrology & rh nov_2010_b
Gippel hydrology & rh nov_2010_b
 
Water Resources Planning and Governance in Highly Contested Rivers
Water Resources Planning and Governance in Highly Contested RiversWater Resources Planning and Governance in Highly Contested Rivers
Water Resources Planning and Governance in Highly Contested Rivers
 
Craes xiaodong-integrated river health assessment
Craes xiaodong-integrated river health assessmentCraes xiaodong-integrated river health assessment
Craes xiaodong-integrated river health assessment
 
Acedp csiro and wf hc and sy
Acedp csiro and wf hc and syAcedp csiro and wf hc and sy
Acedp csiro and wf hc and sy
 
6 Sampling, sorting, identification, and the application fro river health c_n...
6 Sampling, sorting, identification, and the application fro river health c_n...6 Sampling, sorting, identification, and the application fro river health c_n...
6 Sampling, sorting, identification, and the application fro river health c_n...
 
Arthington iwc e flows principles handout
Arthington iwc e flows principles handoutArthington iwc e flows principles handout
Arthington iwc e flows principles handout
 
T s2 gh3_richard price
T s2 gh3_richard priceT s2 gh3_richard price
T s2 gh3_richard price
 
3.1 the use of fish as ecological indicators cn
3.1 the use of fish as ecological indicators cn3.1 the use of fish as ecological indicators cn
3.1 the use of fish as ecological indicators cn
 
6 river health assessment yellow river pilot-cand_e
6 river health assessment   yellow river pilot-cand_e6 river health assessment   yellow river pilot-cand_e
6 river health assessment yellow river pilot-cand_e
 

Mehr von International WaterCentre

The Value of Measuring the Health of Our Rivers
The Value of Measuring the Health of Our Rivers The Value of Measuring the Health of Our Rivers
The Value of Measuring the Health of Our Rivers International WaterCentre
 
B4 c catchment present chinese delegation dec 09
B4 c catchment present chinese delegation dec 09B4 c catchment present chinese delegation dec 09
B4 c catchment present chinese delegation dec 09International WaterCentre
 
Nwc presentation to acedp river health and e flows 23 nov 2009
Nwc presentation to acedp river health and e flows 23 nov 2009Nwc presentation to acedp river health and e flows 23 nov 2009
Nwc presentation to acedp river health and e flows 23 nov 2009International WaterCentre
 
Dewha jennifer martin presentation 231109 [compati
Dewha jennifer martin presentation 231109 [compatiDewha jennifer martin presentation 231109 [compati
Dewha jennifer martin presentation 231109 [compatiInternational WaterCentre
 
Dewha c bruce gray presentation 231109 [compatibil
Dewha c bruce gray presentation 231109 [compatibilDewha c bruce gray presentation 231109 [compatibil
Dewha c bruce gray presentation 231109 [compatibilInternational WaterCentre
 
Dewha a chris schweizer presentation 231109 [comp
Dewha a chris schweizer  presentation 231109 [compDewha a chris schweizer  presentation 231109 [comp
Dewha a chris schweizer presentation 231109 [compInternational WaterCentre
 
Derm iwc chinese delagation_greg long 301109
Derm iwc chinese delagation_greg long 301109Derm iwc chinese delagation_greg long 301109
Derm iwc chinese delagation_greg long 301109International WaterCentre
 
Derm iwc chineese delegation wrp 30 nov 2009
Derm iwc chineese delegation  wrp 30 nov 2009Derm iwc chineese delegation  wrp 30 nov 2009
Derm iwc chineese delegation wrp 30 nov 2009International WaterCentre
 
Derm iwc chinese delegation rc presentation 30 nov 09
Derm iwc chinese delegation rc presentation 30 nov 09Derm iwc chinese delegation rc presentation 30 nov 09
Derm iwc chinese delegation rc presentation 30 nov 09International WaterCentre
 
Arthington iwc e flows for delegation scenario 1 eloha handout
Arthington iwc e flows for delegation scenario 1 eloha handoutArthington iwc e flows for delegation scenario 1 eloha handout
Arthington iwc e flows for delegation scenario 1 eloha handoutInternational WaterCentre
 
Arthington iwc e flows for delegation scenario 1 drift handout (2)
Arthington iwc e flows for delegation scenario 1 drift handout (2)Arthington iwc e flows for delegation scenario 1 drift handout (2)
Arthington iwc e flows for delegation scenario 1 drift handout (2)International WaterCentre
 

Mehr von International WaterCentre (20)

IWC Master of Integrated Water Management
IWC Master of Integrated Water ManagementIWC Master of Integrated Water Management
IWC Master of Integrated Water Management
 
The Value of Measuring the Health of Our Rivers
The Value of Measuring the Health of Our Rivers The Value of Measuring the Health of Our Rivers
The Value of Measuring the Health of Our Rivers
 
B4 c catchment present chinese delegation dec 09
B4 c catchment present chinese delegation dec 09B4 c catchment present chinese delegation dec 09
B4 c catchment present chinese delegation dec 09
 
Ph key messages
Ph key messagesPh key messages
Ph key messages
 
Sheldon designing ehmp
Sheldon designing ehmpSheldon designing ehmp
Sheldon designing ehmp
 
Ph seq ehmp
Ph seq ehmpPh seq ehmp
Ph seq ehmp
 
Ph semat overview
Ph semat overviewPh semat overview
Ph semat overview
 
Ph aem overview
Ph aem overviewPh aem overview
Ph aem overview
 
Nwc presentation to acedp river health and e flows 23 nov 2009
Nwc presentation to acedp river health and e flows 23 nov 2009Nwc presentation to acedp river health and e flows 23 nov 2009
Nwc presentation to acedp river health and e flows 23 nov 2009
 
Dewha jennifer martin presentation 231109 [compati
Dewha jennifer martin presentation 231109 [compatiDewha jennifer martin presentation 231109 [compati
Dewha jennifer martin presentation 231109 [compati
 
Dewha c bruce gray presentation 231109 [compatibil
Dewha c bruce gray presentation 231109 [compatibilDewha c bruce gray presentation 231109 [compatibil
Dewha c bruce gray presentation 231109 [compatibil
 
Dewha acedp info 231109
Dewha acedp info 231109Dewha acedp info 231109
Dewha acedp info 231109
 
Dewha a chris schweizer presentation 231109 [comp
Dewha a chris schweizer  presentation 231109 [compDewha a chris schweizer  presentation 231109 [comp
Dewha a chris schweizer presentation 231109 [comp
 
Derm iwc chinese delagation_greg long 301109
Derm iwc chinese delagation_greg long 301109Derm iwc chinese delagation_greg long 301109
Derm iwc chinese delagation_greg long 301109
 
Derm iwc chineese delegation wrp 30 nov 2009
Derm iwc chineese delegation  wrp 30 nov 2009Derm iwc chineese delegation  wrp 30 nov 2009
Derm iwc chineese delegation wrp 30 nov 2009
 
Derm iwc chinese delegation rc presentation 30 nov 09
Derm iwc chinese delegation rc presentation 30 nov 09Derm iwc chinese delegation rc presentation 30 nov 09
Derm iwc chinese delegation rc presentation 30 nov 09
 
Ph key messages
Ph key messagesPh key messages
Ph key messages
 
Bcc 20091205 bcc iwc prioritisation
Bcc 20091205  bcc iwc prioritisationBcc 20091205  bcc iwc prioritisation
Bcc 20091205 bcc iwc prioritisation
 
Arthington iwc e flows for delegation scenario 1 eloha handout
Arthington iwc e flows for delegation scenario 1 eloha handoutArthington iwc e flows for delegation scenario 1 eloha handout
Arthington iwc e flows for delegation scenario 1 eloha handout
 
Arthington iwc e flows for delegation scenario 1 drift handout (2)
Arthington iwc e flows for delegation scenario 1 drift handout (2)Arthington iwc e flows for delegation scenario 1 drift handout (2)
Arthington iwc e flows for delegation scenario 1 drift handout (2)
 

5.1 sampling issues in river health assessment cn

  • 1. 河流健康评估的采样问题 澳大利亚 C h ris G ip p e l 博士 中澳河湖健康评估研讨会 水利部 201 2 年 2 月 22 日
  • 2. 对于变化的敏感性 高 尺度 100 – 1,000,000 km2 10 – 1000 km2 100 – 10,000 m 1 – 100 m 0.1 – 1.0 m 流域 功能过程区 河段 站点 微型栖息地 报告站点的综合得分 报告站点的单项得分
  • 3. Border Rivers Fish Macroinvertebrates
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6. 多少站点 ? • 莫雷 - 达令流域 – 1, 061, 469 km 2 – 506 个鱼类站点 ; 773 个大型无脊椎动物站点 • 鱼类:每 2100 km 2 1 个站点 • 大型无脊椎动物:每 1370 km 2 1 个站点 • 维多利亚州 – 227, 416 km 2 – 1 ,040 河段 / 站点 • 每 219 km 2 1 个站点 • 东南昆士兰州 – 22, 420 km 2 – 1 35 个站点 • 每 166 km 2 1 个站点
  • 7. 多少站点 ? • 预算 • 目标 – 确认已知的问题 ( 如废水造成的污染 ) • 在问题的所在地设点 – 长期监测流域健康变化 • 需具有足够的统计数据来发现变化
  • 8. 空间变化 时间变化 低 低 很少 低 高 发现变化所需的站点数目 高 低 高 高 很多
  • 9. 多久进行一次采样 ? • 预算 • 目标 – 季节变化是重要的 ( 取决于河系 ) – 每年 2 次 – 纳入年度报告时间表中 – 每年 1 次或 2 次 – 长期变化是主要的优先议题 – 每 2 – 5年 – 缓慢变化的参数 ( 如植被,物理形态 ) – 每 2 – 5年
  • 10. 将站点放在何处 ? • 预算 • 目标 • 随机 – 成本最高 – 统计上最好 – 固定和移动站点相结合 • 分层 – 具有在一个特定区域选择适宜站点的灵活性 • 不随机 – “ 寻找数据” – 寻找已经问题的证据 – 避免处于不良健康状况的站点 – 只选择大型河流或者受关注程度高的站点 – 存在系统偏见的风险 ( 如所有站点都靠近道路或桥 )
  • 11. 在选定站点的取样 • 如果是因为容易进入而选择该站点,那么避免不寻常的活动 : – 汽车穿越河流 ; – 废物处置 ; – 娱乐钓鱼 ; – 采砂 ; – 采木 ; – 洗衣服和洗菜 • 遵循标准规程
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14. 总结 • 采样战略取决于 : – 预算 – 目标 – 数据的预期变异性 – 报告的尺度 需要在设点前确定这些事项 • 监测计划的采样战略应该由统计专家设计 – 作为最低要求,报告采样战略 • 在取样现场遵循标准规程