1. Ionic shafts were taller than Doric
ones. This makes the columns look
slender. They also had flutes, which are
lines carved into them from top to bottom.
The shafts also had a special
characteristic: entasis, which is a little
bulge in the columns make the columns
look straight, even at a distance [because
since you would see the building from
eye level, the shafts would appear to get
narrower as they rise, so this bulge
makes up for that - so it looks straight to
your eye but it really isn't !] . The frieze is
plain. The bases were large and looked
like a set of stacked rings. Ionic capitals
consist of a scrolls above the shaft. The
Ionic style is a little more decorative than
the Doric.

2. Ionic
The Temple of Athena Nike in Athens,
shown above, is one of the most famous
Ionic buildings in the world. It is located on
the Acropolis, very close to the Parthenon
(shown in the Doric section above).

3. Ionic

4. Corinthian
The Corinthian order is the
most decorative and is
usually the one most modern
people like best. Corinthian
also uses entasis to make
the shafts look straight. The
Corinthian capitals have
flowers and leaves below a
small scroll. The shaft has
flutes and the base is like the
Ionian. Unlike the Doric and
Ionian cornices, which are at
a slant, the Corinthian roofs
are flat.

5. Corinthian
The Temple of the Sybil in Rome is a good
example of the Corinthian order. The
Romans used the Corinthian order much
more than did the Greeks.

6. Corinthian

7. Molding Types:
•Crown and Cornice
•Cove
•Chair-Rail
•Panel
•Baseboard
•Molding with Lighting

8. Crown Molding
Crown molding is the most popular type of cornice molding.
Crown generally refers to the types of single-piece moldings
that are installed on the angle to their adjoining surface. Crown
moldings have a profiles that project out on the ceiling and
down on the wall and gives a rich appearance to a room.
As its name suggests, crown molding serves as an ornamental
capping to walls, cabinets, and built-in furniture. Crown
molding also used as a decorative support for horizontal
architectural elements like decorative ledges and shelves.
Adding decorative crown molding to the relatively simple room
provides a certain character that the room would not have
otherwise. Many complex looking crown molding profiles
consist of the series of simple moldings installed together to
achieve a finished appearance. Crown moldings are also used
in combination with other moldings to add details to the
fireplace mantels and shelves. Click in following link to learn
about crown molding installation

10. installing crown molding
1) Cut the first piece square
To achieve a mitered look with
corners that are seldom perfectly
square, run the first piece of crown
molding tightly into the corner.
Cope-cut the second piece in the
shape of the profile of the molding,
so it can butt neatly against the
face of the first piece
2. Make a miter cut
Use a deep miter box and a fine-toothed
backsaw to make a cut that reveals the
profile of the molding. Position the molding
so that it is upside down in the miter box.
The face of the molding that goes against
the ceiling will be on the bottom of the miter
box. Remember, for inside corners, the
bottom of the crown molding will be the
longest edge.

11. 3) Cope the profile
If the mitered cut is correct, you'll be
able to see the profile of the molding.
Cut away the excess wood along the
back side of the molding with a
coping saw. Err on the side of
removing too much rather than too
little; only the outermost edge of the
coped molding will be seen
4. Fine-tune your cut
Use a utility knife to remove any
excess material you missed with the
coping saw. Be careful that you do
not cut into the exposed face of the
molding. Hold the piece in place to
test the fit. Take it down and do
more carving if necessary.

12. 5.) Plan each joint
Map out the job so that one end of
each piece of crown molding always
will be cut straight and one end will be
mitered and coped. Use butt joints for
long runs. Save the most visible parts
of the job for last, when you've honed
your coping skills.
6a. Nail in place
If the molding runs perpendicular to
the ceiling joists, determine the
location of the joists. Drill pilot
holes to keep the molding from
splitting. As you attach the molding,
tack it in place with a few nails. Take
a good look at the positioning
before completing the nailing.

13. 6b. Or add a nailer
To provide a solid nailing
area where the joists run
parallel to the crown
molding, cut a beveled face
on a 2x2, as shown. Cut the
2x2 to length and screw it to
the wall so it's in the corner
of the ceiling and the wall.
The 2x2 provides a surface,
at the proper angle, to which
you can nail the molding.

14. Cornice molding is placed on the
top, where the wall meets the ceiling.
Even a single piece of cornice
molding will add an entirely new
dimension to a room. Cornice
molding creates s decorative
transition between walls and ceiling
and works especially well in a rooms
with high ceilings.
The term "cornice" describes one-
piece molding installed along the top
if the wall or above the window. The
same treatment made from multiple
pieces of molding called build-up
cornice. Moldings for cornice come in
two main types: dramatic crown
molding that is frequently combined
with other molding styles for an
opulent look.

15. Cornice molding

16. Cove Molding
Cove molding is very similar to the crown molding. Application and
function of cove molding identical to the crown molding. The difference
between the two in in the profile. Cove molding has a concave profile
(bended inwards), while line of the crown molding profiles bends
outwards.
Sophisticated cove molding that eliminates the ceiling line creating a
curved transition. Wonderful selection of decorative cove molding
available in variety of styles and sizes for installation in the rooms with
high as well as with low ceilings. Traditionally, cove and crown molding
reflected the type and functional use of the rooms they decorated

17. Cove Molding

18. Chair-Rail Molding
A chair-rail molding divides wall
horizontally, usually about three
feet above the floor. Chair rails,
which protect walls in areas subject
to damage by chair backs, have
nosing that give way to curved and
beveled surfaces that taper back to
the wall.
Chair-rail molding was originally
designed to prevent the tops of the
chair backs from denting or marring
the wall and was used to protect
walls from damage. For this reason
chair-rail molding traditionally
located about 30 to 33 inches
above the floor and wrap around
the perimeter of the room.

19. Decorative chair-rail molding often serves as a cap for a
wainscoting or wood paneling. Considered decorative by today's
standards, chair rail molding adds a feeling of detail and charm to
the walls and lends continuality to a room by unifying it.