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Sudan                                                                                        Total requirements:
                                                                                             USD 103,139,810




Working
environment

The context

The conflict in Sudan continues
to affect millions of people and
create a complex and volatile
political and security situation
that remains a challenge for the
humanitarian community.
UNHCR and its partners
provide protection and
assistance to refugees,
returnees and internally
displaced persons (IDPs) in
Sudan. The Office implements
programmes in four operational
areas: a protracted refugee
situation centred mainly on
eastern Sudan; a growing urban
refugee population in
Khartoum; an ongoing IDP and
refugee emergency in Darfur;
and the repatriation and
reintegration of returnees in
Southern Sudan. Each of these
programmes has a different set
of protection challenges and
durable solutions prospects.

In the three years since the
signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement and the        but unable to carry out all its responsibilities due to a
creation of a Government of National Unity, thousands       lack of equipment and personnel.
of Sudanese have returned from exile. By August 2008,
UNHCR had assisted some 126,000 refugees to return          The situation in eastern Sudan is characterized by acute
to Southern Sudan, while nearly 157,000 returned            poverty and underdevelopment, but general security has
spontaneously. It is estimated that nearly 130,000          improved with the signing of the East Sudan Peace
Sudanese refugees still remain in Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya    Agreement. The region hosts some 147,000 refugees,
and Uganda. UNHCR with its partners implements              including an estimated 90,000 in UNHCR-assisted
community-based reintegration projects in areas of          camps. The majority of these refugees have lived there
return. It is also seeking solutions for a small group of   for a long time and have few durable solutions
Ethiopian refugees currently living in the southern         prospects. Furthermore, since July 2007, UNHCR has
region.                                                     been facing a continuous influx of new asylum-seekers
                                                            from Eritrea, Ethiopia and, more recently, Somalia.
The Darfur Peace Agreement signed in May 2006 has
so far failed to deliver stability. Conflict and the        Khartoum is host to some 30,000 urban refugees and
displacement of civilians within Darfur, and to Chad,       asylum-seekers, mainly from Eritrea and Ethiopia.
continue to hamper efforts to protect and assist the        Khartoum State also has some 1.7 million IDPs, about
region’s 2.5 million IDPs, as well as some 45,000           400,000 of whom reside in four sites recognized by the
Chadian refugees and more than 3,000 refugees from          authorities, while the rest live in informal squatter areas
the Central African Republic. The joint African Union       in and around the city. The majority are in a protracted
and United Nations hybrid force (UNAMID) is present         urban situation and endure the same forms of hardship

158    UNHCR Global Appeal 2009 Update
as the urban poor, in addition to lacking access to           returnees and host communities. Despite increased




                                                                                                                          Sudan
documentation and livelihood opportunities.                   investment by the Government and the international
                                                              community in reconstruction and economic
                                                              development, the need for services and livelihood
The needs                                                     opportunities remains vast. If not addressed,
                                                              competition for resources, including land, has the
East Sudan                                                    potential to trigger localized conflicts.

In eastern Sudan, the absence of durable solutions            Darfur
prospects makes refugees highly dependent on
humanitarian assistance. Conditions in refugee camps          In Darfur, besides insecurity, violence against women
need to be improved. Possibilities for employment and         and environmental degradation, the primary concerns of
economic opportunities need to be enhanced to reduce          people are in access to land and other livelihood
refugees’ dependence on external assistance.                  opportunities. Migration heightens rivalries over natural
                                                              resources, and competition for water, firewood and
At the same time, improvements are required in the            grazing land can lead to conflict. Continuous
current asylum legislation to guarantee access to asylum      cooperation with the Government and other stakeholders
and registration procedures and to eliminate restrictive      to provide effective protection for refugees, IDPs and
practices. The Solution Strategy for the Protracted           returnees remains critical.
Refugee Situation in Sudan, jointly elaborated by
UNHCR and the Government, tries to address most of            Khartoum
these issues. Initiatives that bring together the major
stakeholders, including developmental actors and              In Khartoum, the protection needs of refugees and
donors, must be strengthened.                                 asylum-seekers stem mainly from the weak capacity of
                                                              governmental structures to implement an effective
Southern Sudan and Blue Nile State                            asylum policy, reduce poverty and support lasting
                                                              solutions. Among the internally displaced, women and
In Southern Sudan and Blue Nile State, lack of access         children are more vulnerable to protection risks as they
to justice, basic services and livelihood opportunities are   lack housing and basic services and suffer neglect and
the main constraints faced by displaced people,               marginalization.




                                                                                                                                  UNHCR/E. Denholm




 Sudanese refugees on their way home to Southern Sudan.
• Create conditions for the sustainable return and early
Sudan



        Main objectives                                                      social and economic reintegration of returning
                                                                             refugees and IDPs.
                                                                           • Support IDP communities to attain durable solutions,
        Annual programme
                                                                             with a focus on groups with specific needs.
                                                                           • Conduct returnee and protection monitoring and
        Refugees in eastern Sudan and Khartoum
                                                                             intervene with the authorities and other actors in case
                                                                             of protection violations.
        • In cooperation with the authorities, address the urgent
                                                                           • Coordinate with the authorities and build their
          humanitarian needs of refugee communities.
                                                                             capacity to intervene on behalf of displaced people.
        • Seek comprehensive durable solutions in line with the
                                                                           • Enhance the self-reliance of refugee groups through
          Solution Strategy for the Protracted Refugee
                                                                             community-based activities.
          Situation in Sudan.
        • In cooperation with development actors, improve
                                                                           Refugees, IDPs and returnees in Darfur
          relations between refugees and host communities
          through area development.
                                                                           • Promote protection and respect of the rights of
        • Strengthen the capacity of Sudan’s Commission for
                                                                             refugees, returnees and IDPs.
          Refugees to conduct registration and refugee status
                                                                           • Contribute to a safer environment for refugees and
          determination (RSD), provide documentation and
                                                                             IDPs in camps, settlements, areas of return and rural
          protect asylum-seekers and refugees in line with
                                                                             communities.
          international standards.
                                                                           • Support the Government to fulfil its responsibility to
        • Improve living conditions for the camp-based
                                                                             protect and assist refugees, returnees and IDPs.
          population by improving the water supply, food
                                                                           • Strengthen protective mechanisms and the capacity of
          security, and health education and sanitation services.
                                                                             all relevant actors to respond to the needs of
        • Raise awareness on health and nutrition, malaria and
                                                                             displaced people.
          HIV and AIDS, and fill gaps in supplementary and
                                                                           • Strengthen awareness among all protection actors,
          therapeutic feeding services.
                                                                             including communities, and promote cooperation to
                                                                             prevent and respond to sexual and gender-based
                                                                             violence.
        Supplementary programme
                                                                           • Support the creation of an environment which
                                                                             prevents further displacement.
        IDP and refugee returns in Southern Sudan and Blue
                                                                           • Coordinate protection activities with partners
        Nile State and IDPs in Khartoum
                                                                             throughout Darfur.

        • Facilitate refugees’ voluntary repatriation in safety and
          dignity to Southern Sudan and Blue Nile State.


                                                            Planning figures
                                                                           Jan 2009                              Dec 2009

              Type of population              Origin                               Of whom                               Of whom
                                                             Total in country     assisted by        Total in country   assisted by
                                                                                    UNHCR                                 UNHCR

        Refugees                   Eritrea                              184,828          110,400              200,828         111,100
                                   Chad                                  45,250           36,015               45,150          36,010
                                   Ethiopia                              16,523           10,050               17,643           9,100
                                   Various                               11,379            3,270               19,939           4,680
        Asylum-seekers             Ethiopia                               1,000             500                   400             200
                                   Eritrea                                  100                 60                100                 60
                                   Somalia                                   50                 30                 50                 30
                                   Various                                   90                 20                 60                 15
        Returnees (refugees)                                             80,250           80,000               54,240          54,000
        IDPs                                                          3,422,000        2,366,300            3,192,000       2,246,300
        Returnees (IDPs)                                                 80,000           70,000               89,917          56,785
        Others of concern          War-affected in Darfur                42,000           42,000               42,000          42,000
        Total                                                         3,883,470       2,718,645            3,662,327        2,560,280




        160       UNHCR Global Appeal 2009 Update
Sudan
                                                        Strategy and activities
Key targets
Annual programme                                        Refugees in eastern Sudan and Khartoum
Refugees in eastern Sudan and Khartoum
• All asylum-seekers have access to registration,       UNHCR will continue to develop a self-reliance scheme
  legal and social counselling, documentation and       for this protracted caseload in collaboration with the
  RSD procedures.                                       local government and other partners. The scheme
• The most basic needs of asylum-seekers and
                                                        targets some 147,000 long-staying Eritrean refugees.
  refugees are addressed.
                                                        UNHCR will move its sub-office from Es Showak to
• Instances of refoulement are promptly addressed.
                                                        Kassala and also establish a presence in Gedaref. The
• All asylum-seekers and refugees with specific
                                                        emphasis will be on refugees’ productive capacity, small
  needs obtain support, including health care.
• All survivors of sexual and gender-based violence     projects and community participation.
  have access to medical and psychological
  assistance as well as legal representation.           Investments will be made in the camp infrastructure to
• More than 1,000 refugees are referred for             achieve acceptable standards. The Office will advocate
  resettlement.                                         for the Government to enact asylum legislation that
• The global acute malnutrition rate is reduced         meets international standards, including guarantees
  from 14.5 per cent in 2008 to 11.6 per cent in        against refoulement, unhindered access to asylum
  2009 in camps in eastern Sudan.                       procedures, proper documentation, freedom of
• The under-five mortality rate in camps is less        movement, access to economic opportunities and local
  than 20 per cent, and the maternal mortality rate     integration.
  is under 225 deaths per 100,000 live births.
                                                        Returnees and IDPs in Southern Sudan and Blue Nile
Supplementary programme                                 State and IDPs in Khartoum
IDPs and refugee returns in Southern Sudan and Blue
Nile State and IDPs in Khartoum
                                                        UNHCR will assist at least 54,000 Sudanese refugees
• Some 54,000 refugees are assisted to return
                                                        to return home, mostly from Ethiopia, Kenya and
  voluntarily to Southern Sudan and Blue Nile State.
                                                        Uganda. The majority of the returnees are expected to
• Returnees and receiving communities are helped
                                                        arrive in Jonglei, Eastern Equatoria and Upper Nile
  by community-based projects in health,
  education, water and sanitation, with a particular    States. Accordingly, reintegration resources will be
  focus on areas of high return such as Jonglei,        targeted at these areas. At the same time, UNHCR will
  Upper Nile and Eastern Equatoria.                     continue to provide some support for IDPs in Khartoum,
• Protection and returnee monitoring activities are     paying special attention to women at risk and other
  strengthened to include areas of refugee and IDP      groups with specific needs. UNHCR will also focus on
  returns in Jonglei, Upper Nile State and Eastern      working with the Government to register Anuak refugees
  Equatoria, where there is a lack of basic social      from Ethiopia and helping the communities hosting the
  infrastructure.                                       displaced.
• Ethiopian and Congolese refugees in Southern
  Sudan gain better access to basic services and        IDPs, refugees and returnees in Darfur
  livelihood opportunities.
                                                        UNHCR will focus on consolidating and reinforcing its
Refugees, IDPs and returnees in Darfur                  protection lead role throughout the region, expanding its
• Some 450 protection monitoring missions are           presence, increasing protection advocacy, and
  carried out.
                                                        continuing its targeted and emergency assistance,
• Some 23,000 IDPs are provided with basic
                                                        particularly in rural areas and potential areas of return.
  household goods and non-food items.
                                                        Working with the Government of Sudan and UNAMID,
• Some 80,000 women are supported through
                                                        the Office will support the Government to fulfil its
  women’s centres.
• Youth centres help some 6,000 young people.           primary responsibility to ensure a comprehensive
• Up to 40 new wells are established, benefiting        humanitarian response throughout Darfur.
  some 35,000 people. Water committees are set
  up to manage the supply in each location.             UNHCR will provide non-food items and essential
• Hygiene committees are established in 200 villages.   services to groups with specific needs, and enhance
• Some 4,000 family latrines are constructed in         coping mechanisms through support for educational
  selected villages.                                    services and income-generating activities. Special
• Some 40 schools and classrooms are rehabilitated      attention will be paid to providing local authorities with
  and constructed.                                      institutional support. Assistance to local communities
• Some 400,000 tree seedlings are planted.              will also continue through community-based projects.




                                                                      UNHCR Global Appeal 2009 Update           161
Constraints                                                                             Partners
Sudan




                                                                        Implementing partners
        The growth in returns to Juba and other urban centres will
                                                                        Government agencies: Commissioner for Refugees, Local
        continue to strain local infrastructure and may generate        Government of El-Gedaref and Kassala State, Ministry of
        social problems. The rainy season (May-November) will           International Cooperation Ministry of the Interior, National
        bring repatriation activities to a near standstill as weather   Forestry Corporation, State Departments for Health, Water,
                                                                        Agriculture and Education (Sinnar, El Gezira, Kassala), South
        conditions hinder movement by road and air.                     Sudan Relief and Rehabilitation Commission
                                                                        NGOs: Action Africa Help International, Adventist
        In Darfur, the lack of security is likely to displace more      Development and Relief Agency (Southern Sudan), African
        people and prevent sustainable return. It also hampers          Development and Emergency Organization, Al-Manaar,
                                                                        American Refugee Committee, Association of Christian
        humanitarian workers’ access to rural areas and                 Resource Organization for South Sudan, Church Ecumenical
        settlements. Limited resources in water, food and fuel          Action in Sudan, Concern, Danish De-mining Group, Danish
        contribute to long-standing communal tensions,                  Refugee Council, Global Health Foundation, GOAL Ireland,
                                                                        Help Age International, Handicap International/Atlas, Human
        particularly between pastoralists and farmers.                  Appeal International, International Medical Corps,
                                                                        International Relief and Development, International Rescue
                                                                        Committee, Intersos, Islamic Relief Worldwide, Japan
                                                                        International Volunteer Center, Jesuit Refugee Service,
        Organization and implementation                                 Mercy Corps, Norwegian Peoples Aid, Norwegian Refugee
                                                                        Council, ROOF, Samaritan's Purse, Save the Children Alliance,
                                                                        Sudan Health Association, Sudan Open Learning Organization,
                                                                        Sudanese Red Crescent (SRC), Tearfund, Terre des Hommes,
                          UNHCR presence                                Triangle, World Vision International
        Number of offices                            31                 Others: IOM, UN-HABITAT, World Conservation Union (IUCN)
        Total staff                                 607                 Operational partners
        International                               107                 Government agencies: Humanitarian Aid Commission, South
                                                                        Sudan Relief and Rehabilitation Commission
        National                                    397
                                                                        NGOs: Amel Centre for Treatment and Rehabilitation,
        JPOs                                          6                 Catholic Relief Services (USA), Comitato di Coordinamento
        UNVs                                         86                 delle Organizzazioni per il Servizio Volontario, International
                                                                        Medical Corps, Medair
        Other                                        11
                                                                        Others: AU, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische
                                                                        Zusammenarbeit, Swedish Rescue Services Agency (SRSA),
                                                                        FAO, ICRC, OCHA, UNAMID, UNDP, UNFPA, UNICEF, UNIDO,
                                                                        UNJLC, IN Mine Action Services, UNMIS, UNV, WHO, WFP
        Coordination

        UNHCR works in close collaboration and cooperation
        with the Government of Sudan, local and international
        NGOs, IOM, ICRC and UN agencies. The Humanitarian               Financial information
        Aid Commission and the Commissioner for Refugees
        remain UNHCR’s main governmental counterparts.
                                                                        UNHCR’s financial requirements for supplementary
                                                                        programmes in Darfur and Southern Sudan have
                                                                        continued to increase steadily as the Office has
                                                                        expanded its operation to return and reintegrate
                                                                        Sudanese refugees from countries of asylum, as well as
                                                                        due to the increased UNHCR presence in north and
                                                                        south Darfur. The requirements under the annual
                                                                        programmes, mainly for care and maintenance of
                                                                        refugees in eastern Sudan, have remained relatively
                                                                        stable.

                                                                        In addition to the supplementary programmes presented
                                                                        in this Appeal, the Office foresees the establishment of
                                                                        an additional supplementary programme to find durable
                                                                        solutions for the protracted refugee situation in eastern
                                                                        Sudan.




        162     UNHCR Global Appeal 2009 Update
Budget (USD)




                                                                                                                                                                                  Sudan
                                                                  2008                                                                2009

      Activities and services                                                                                             Supplementary budget
                                            Annual          Supplementar                                Annual
                                                                                      Total                                                                       Total
                                            budget            y budget1                                 budget              Darfur
                                                                                                                                              Southern
                                                                                                                                               Sudan

    Protection, monitoring and
                                             4,830,636           32,469,252         37,299,888          5,100,495         15,627,959         16,863,032         37,591,486
    coordination
    Community services                       1,019,000            2,510,534          3,529,534             860,000         1,456,828             550,358          2,867,186
    Crop production                            553,000               368,967            921,967            880,000             78,431                     0         958,431
    Domestic needs                             101,000            3,810,925          3,911,925             778,263         1,415,925             850,000          3,044,188
    Education                                  809,100           10,602,433         11,411,533          1,250,000          1,367,433          6,913,768           9,531,201
    Fisheries                                           0                    0                  0             5,000                    0                  0               5,000
    Food                                                0             60,010             60,010                     0          60,010            105,000            165,010
    Forestry                                   713,400               513,470         1,226,870             741,000            513,470                     0       1,254,470
    Health                                   2,207,774            5,872,745          8,080,519          1,970,000             613,320            654,200          3,237,520
    Income generation                          809,000               888,889         1,697,889          1,200,000             146,389         3,410,000           4,756,389
    Legal assistance                         1,172,850           10,174,395         11,347,245          1,459,137          8,011,417          1,789,481         11,260,035
    Livestock                                           0                    0                  0          350,000                     0                  0         350,000
    Operational support (to
                                               758,276            4,598,812          5,357,088          1,580,100          2,464,812          1,713,965           5,758,877
    agencies)
    Sanitation                                 131,000            1,152,332          1,283,332             620,000            123,332            424,000          1,167,332
    Shelter and infrastructure                 615,000            1,784,211          2,399,211             880,000            421,711         1,620,000           2,921,711
    Transport and logistics                  1,700,600            5,704,747          7,405,347             666,600         3,533,747          4,045,000           8,245,347
    Water                                      210,000            2,990,772          3,200,772             840,000            850,772            882,000          2,572,772
    Total operations                      15,630,636           83,502,494         99,133,130         19,180,595         36,685,556          39,820,804         95,686,955
    Programme support                        2,988,133            4,020,674          7,008,807          3,154,500          2,099,269          2,199,086           7,452,855
    Total                                 18,618,769           87,523,168 106,141,937                22,335,095         38,784,825          42,019,890 103,139,810

1
       Includes supplementary programmes for protection and assistance in Darfur (USD 37,812,372), return and reintegration of refugees and IDPs in Southern Sudan (USD
       47,792,056), the Iraq Situation (USD 1,138,315), anaemia control and prevention (USD 280,425) and water and sanitation activities (USD 500,000).
Note: Supplementary programme budgets exclude 7 per cent support costs that are recovered from contributions to meet indirect costs for UNHCR.




                                                                                                                 UNHCR Global Appeal 2009 Update                            163

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Uhcr For Sudan 2009 Global Appeal

  • 1. Sudan Total requirements: USD 103,139,810 Working environment The context The conflict in Sudan continues to affect millions of people and create a complex and volatile political and security situation that remains a challenge for the humanitarian community. UNHCR and its partners provide protection and assistance to refugees, returnees and internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Sudan. The Office implements programmes in four operational areas: a protracted refugee situation centred mainly on eastern Sudan; a growing urban refugee population in Khartoum; an ongoing IDP and refugee emergency in Darfur; and the repatriation and reintegration of returnees in Southern Sudan. Each of these programmes has a different set of protection challenges and durable solutions prospects. In the three years since the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement and the but unable to carry out all its responsibilities due to a creation of a Government of National Unity, thousands lack of equipment and personnel. of Sudanese have returned from exile. By August 2008, UNHCR had assisted some 126,000 refugees to return The situation in eastern Sudan is characterized by acute to Southern Sudan, while nearly 157,000 returned poverty and underdevelopment, but general security has spontaneously. It is estimated that nearly 130,000 improved with the signing of the East Sudan Peace Sudanese refugees still remain in Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya Agreement. The region hosts some 147,000 refugees, and Uganda. UNHCR with its partners implements including an estimated 90,000 in UNHCR-assisted community-based reintegration projects in areas of camps. The majority of these refugees have lived there return. It is also seeking solutions for a small group of for a long time and have few durable solutions Ethiopian refugees currently living in the southern prospects. Furthermore, since July 2007, UNHCR has region. been facing a continuous influx of new asylum-seekers from Eritrea, Ethiopia and, more recently, Somalia. The Darfur Peace Agreement signed in May 2006 has so far failed to deliver stability. Conflict and the Khartoum is host to some 30,000 urban refugees and displacement of civilians within Darfur, and to Chad, asylum-seekers, mainly from Eritrea and Ethiopia. continue to hamper efforts to protect and assist the Khartoum State also has some 1.7 million IDPs, about region’s 2.5 million IDPs, as well as some 45,000 400,000 of whom reside in four sites recognized by the Chadian refugees and more than 3,000 refugees from authorities, while the rest live in informal squatter areas the Central African Republic. The joint African Union in and around the city. The majority are in a protracted and United Nations hybrid force (UNAMID) is present urban situation and endure the same forms of hardship 158 UNHCR Global Appeal 2009 Update
  • 2. as the urban poor, in addition to lacking access to returnees and host communities. Despite increased Sudan documentation and livelihood opportunities. investment by the Government and the international community in reconstruction and economic development, the need for services and livelihood The needs opportunities remains vast. If not addressed, competition for resources, including land, has the East Sudan potential to trigger localized conflicts. In eastern Sudan, the absence of durable solutions Darfur prospects makes refugees highly dependent on humanitarian assistance. Conditions in refugee camps In Darfur, besides insecurity, violence against women need to be improved. Possibilities for employment and and environmental degradation, the primary concerns of economic opportunities need to be enhanced to reduce people are in access to land and other livelihood refugees’ dependence on external assistance. opportunities. Migration heightens rivalries over natural resources, and competition for water, firewood and At the same time, improvements are required in the grazing land can lead to conflict. Continuous current asylum legislation to guarantee access to asylum cooperation with the Government and other stakeholders and registration procedures and to eliminate restrictive to provide effective protection for refugees, IDPs and practices. The Solution Strategy for the Protracted returnees remains critical. Refugee Situation in Sudan, jointly elaborated by UNHCR and the Government, tries to address most of Khartoum these issues. Initiatives that bring together the major stakeholders, including developmental actors and In Khartoum, the protection needs of refugees and donors, must be strengthened. asylum-seekers stem mainly from the weak capacity of governmental structures to implement an effective Southern Sudan and Blue Nile State asylum policy, reduce poverty and support lasting solutions. Among the internally displaced, women and In Southern Sudan and Blue Nile State, lack of access children are more vulnerable to protection risks as they to justice, basic services and livelihood opportunities are lack housing and basic services and suffer neglect and the main constraints faced by displaced people, marginalization. UNHCR/E. Denholm Sudanese refugees on their way home to Southern Sudan.
  • 3. • Create conditions for the sustainable return and early Sudan Main objectives social and economic reintegration of returning refugees and IDPs. • Support IDP communities to attain durable solutions, Annual programme with a focus on groups with specific needs. • Conduct returnee and protection monitoring and Refugees in eastern Sudan and Khartoum intervene with the authorities and other actors in case of protection violations. • In cooperation with the authorities, address the urgent • Coordinate with the authorities and build their humanitarian needs of refugee communities. capacity to intervene on behalf of displaced people. • Seek comprehensive durable solutions in line with the • Enhance the self-reliance of refugee groups through Solution Strategy for the Protracted Refugee community-based activities. Situation in Sudan. • In cooperation with development actors, improve Refugees, IDPs and returnees in Darfur relations between refugees and host communities through area development. • Promote protection and respect of the rights of • Strengthen the capacity of Sudan’s Commission for refugees, returnees and IDPs. Refugees to conduct registration and refugee status • Contribute to a safer environment for refugees and determination (RSD), provide documentation and IDPs in camps, settlements, areas of return and rural protect asylum-seekers and refugees in line with communities. international standards. • Support the Government to fulfil its responsibility to • Improve living conditions for the camp-based protect and assist refugees, returnees and IDPs. population by improving the water supply, food • Strengthen protective mechanisms and the capacity of security, and health education and sanitation services. all relevant actors to respond to the needs of • Raise awareness on health and nutrition, malaria and displaced people. HIV and AIDS, and fill gaps in supplementary and • Strengthen awareness among all protection actors, therapeutic feeding services. including communities, and promote cooperation to prevent and respond to sexual and gender-based violence. Supplementary programme • Support the creation of an environment which prevents further displacement. IDP and refugee returns in Southern Sudan and Blue • Coordinate protection activities with partners Nile State and IDPs in Khartoum throughout Darfur. • Facilitate refugees’ voluntary repatriation in safety and dignity to Southern Sudan and Blue Nile State. Planning figures Jan 2009 Dec 2009 Type of population Origin Of whom Of whom Total in country assisted by Total in country assisted by UNHCR UNHCR Refugees Eritrea 184,828 110,400 200,828 111,100 Chad 45,250 36,015 45,150 36,010 Ethiopia 16,523 10,050 17,643 9,100 Various 11,379 3,270 19,939 4,680 Asylum-seekers Ethiopia 1,000 500 400 200 Eritrea 100 60 100 60 Somalia 50 30 50 30 Various 90 20 60 15 Returnees (refugees) 80,250 80,000 54,240 54,000 IDPs 3,422,000 2,366,300 3,192,000 2,246,300 Returnees (IDPs) 80,000 70,000 89,917 56,785 Others of concern War-affected in Darfur 42,000 42,000 42,000 42,000 Total 3,883,470 2,718,645 3,662,327 2,560,280 160 UNHCR Global Appeal 2009 Update
  • 4. Sudan Strategy and activities Key targets Annual programme Refugees in eastern Sudan and Khartoum Refugees in eastern Sudan and Khartoum • All asylum-seekers have access to registration, UNHCR will continue to develop a self-reliance scheme legal and social counselling, documentation and for this protracted caseload in collaboration with the RSD procedures. local government and other partners. The scheme • The most basic needs of asylum-seekers and targets some 147,000 long-staying Eritrean refugees. refugees are addressed. UNHCR will move its sub-office from Es Showak to • Instances of refoulement are promptly addressed. Kassala and also establish a presence in Gedaref. The • All asylum-seekers and refugees with specific emphasis will be on refugees’ productive capacity, small needs obtain support, including health care. • All survivors of sexual and gender-based violence projects and community participation. have access to medical and psychological assistance as well as legal representation. Investments will be made in the camp infrastructure to • More than 1,000 refugees are referred for achieve acceptable standards. The Office will advocate resettlement. for the Government to enact asylum legislation that • The global acute malnutrition rate is reduced meets international standards, including guarantees from 14.5 per cent in 2008 to 11.6 per cent in against refoulement, unhindered access to asylum 2009 in camps in eastern Sudan. procedures, proper documentation, freedom of • The under-five mortality rate in camps is less movement, access to economic opportunities and local than 20 per cent, and the maternal mortality rate integration. is under 225 deaths per 100,000 live births. Returnees and IDPs in Southern Sudan and Blue Nile Supplementary programme State and IDPs in Khartoum IDPs and refugee returns in Southern Sudan and Blue Nile State and IDPs in Khartoum UNHCR will assist at least 54,000 Sudanese refugees • Some 54,000 refugees are assisted to return to return home, mostly from Ethiopia, Kenya and voluntarily to Southern Sudan and Blue Nile State. Uganda. The majority of the returnees are expected to • Returnees and receiving communities are helped arrive in Jonglei, Eastern Equatoria and Upper Nile by community-based projects in health, education, water and sanitation, with a particular States. Accordingly, reintegration resources will be focus on areas of high return such as Jonglei, targeted at these areas. At the same time, UNHCR will Upper Nile and Eastern Equatoria. continue to provide some support for IDPs in Khartoum, • Protection and returnee monitoring activities are paying special attention to women at risk and other strengthened to include areas of refugee and IDP groups with specific needs. UNHCR will also focus on returns in Jonglei, Upper Nile State and Eastern working with the Government to register Anuak refugees Equatoria, where there is a lack of basic social from Ethiopia and helping the communities hosting the infrastructure. displaced. • Ethiopian and Congolese refugees in Southern Sudan gain better access to basic services and IDPs, refugees and returnees in Darfur livelihood opportunities. UNHCR will focus on consolidating and reinforcing its Refugees, IDPs and returnees in Darfur protection lead role throughout the region, expanding its • Some 450 protection monitoring missions are presence, increasing protection advocacy, and carried out. continuing its targeted and emergency assistance, • Some 23,000 IDPs are provided with basic particularly in rural areas and potential areas of return. household goods and non-food items. Working with the Government of Sudan and UNAMID, • Some 80,000 women are supported through the Office will support the Government to fulfil its women’s centres. • Youth centres help some 6,000 young people. primary responsibility to ensure a comprehensive • Up to 40 new wells are established, benefiting humanitarian response throughout Darfur. some 35,000 people. Water committees are set up to manage the supply in each location. UNHCR will provide non-food items and essential • Hygiene committees are established in 200 villages. services to groups with specific needs, and enhance • Some 4,000 family latrines are constructed in coping mechanisms through support for educational selected villages. services and income-generating activities. Special • Some 40 schools and classrooms are rehabilitated attention will be paid to providing local authorities with and constructed. institutional support. Assistance to local communities • Some 400,000 tree seedlings are planted. will also continue through community-based projects. UNHCR Global Appeal 2009 Update 161
  • 5. Constraints Partners Sudan Implementing partners The growth in returns to Juba and other urban centres will Government agencies: Commissioner for Refugees, Local continue to strain local infrastructure and may generate Government of El-Gedaref and Kassala State, Ministry of social problems. The rainy season (May-November) will International Cooperation Ministry of the Interior, National bring repatriation activities to a near standstill as weather Forestry Corporation, State Departments for Health, Water, Agriculture and Education (Sinnar, El Gezira, Kassala), South conditions hinder movement by road and air. Sudan Relief and Rehabilitation Commission NGOs: Action Africa Help International, Adventist In Darfur, the lack of security is likely to displace more Development and Relief Agency (Southern Sudan), African people and prevent sustainable return. It also hampers Development and Emergency Organization, Al-Manaar, American Refugee Committee, Association of Christian humanitarian workers’ access to rural areas and Resource Organization for South Sudan, Church Ecumenical settlements. Limited resources in water, food and fuel Action in Sudan, Concern, Danish De-mining Group, Danish contribute to long-standing communal tensions, Refugee Council, Global Health Foundation, GOAL Ireland, Help Age International, Handicap International/Atlas, Human particularly between pastoralists and farmers. Appeal International, International Medical Corps, International Relief and Development, International Rescue Committee, Intersos, Islamic Relief Worldwide, Japan International Volunteer Center, Jesuit Refugee Service, Organization and implementation Mercy Corps, Norwegian Peoples Aid, Norwegian Refugee Council, ROOF, Samaritan's Purse, Save the Children Alliance, Sudan Health Association, Sudan Open Learning Organization, Sudanese Red Crescent (SRC), Tearfund, Terre des Hommes, UNHCR presence Triangle, World Vision International Number of offices 31 Others: IOM, UN-HABITAT, World Conservation Union (IUCN) Total staff 607 Operational partners International 107 Government agencies: Humanitarian Aid Commission, South Sudan Relief and Rehabilitation Commission National 397 NGOs: Amel Centre for Treatment and Rehabilitation, JPOs 6 Catholic Relief Services (USA), Comitato di Coordinamento UNVs 86 delle Organizzazioni per il Servizio Volontario, International Medical Corps, Medair Other 11 Others: AU, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit, Swedish Rescue Services Agency (SRSA), FAO, ICRC, OCHA, UNAMID, UNDP, UNFPA, UNICEF, UNIDO, UNJLC, IN Mine Action Services, UNMIS, UNV, WHO, WFP Coordination UNHCR works in close collaboration and cooperation with the Government of Sudan, local and international NGOs, IOM, ICRC and UN agencies. The Humanitarian Financial information Aid Commission and the Commissioner for Refugees remain UNHCR’s main governmental counterparts. UNHCR’s financial requirements for supplementary programmes in Darfur and Southern Sudan have continued to increase steadily as the Office has expanded its operation to return and reintegrate Sudanese refugees from countries of asylum, as well as due to the increased UNHCR presence in north and south Darfur. The requirements under the annual programmes, mainly for care and maintenance of refugees in eastern Sudan, have remained relatively stable. In addition to the supplementary programmes presented in this Appeal, the Office foresees the establishment of an additional supplementary programme to find durable solutions for the protracted refugee situation in eastern Sudan. 162 UNHCR Global Appeal 2009 Update
  • 6. Budget (USD) Sudan 2008 2009 Activities and services Supplementary budget Annual Supplementar Annual Total Total budget y budget1 budget Darfur Southern Sudan Protection, monitoring and 4,830,636 32,469,252 37,299,888 5,100,495 15,627,959 16,863,032 37,591,486 coordination Community services 1,019,000 2,510,534 3,529,534 860,000 1,456,828 550,358 2,867,186 Crop production 553,000 368,967 921,967 880,000 78,431 0 958,431 Domestic needs 101,000 3,810,925 3,911,925 778,263 1,415,925 850,000 3,044,188 Education 809,100 10,602,433 11,411,533 1,250,000 1,367,433 6,913,768 9,531,201 Fisheries 0 0 0 5,000 0 0 5,000 Food 0 60,010 60,010 0 60,010 105,000 165,010 Forestry 713,400 513,470 1,226,870 741,000 513,470 0 1,254,470 Health 2,207,774 5,872,745 8,080,519 1,970,000 613,320 654,200 3,237,520 Income generation 809,000 888,889 1,697,889 1,200,000 146,389 3,410,000 4,756,389 Legal assistance 1,172,850 10,174,395 11,347,245 1,459,137 8,011,417 1,789,481 11,260,035 Livestock 0 0 0 350,000 0 0 350,000 Operational support (to 758,276 4,598,812 5,357,088 1,580,100 2,464,812 1,713,965 5,758,877 agencies) Sanitation 131,000 1,152,332 1,283,332 620,000 123,332 424,000 1,167,332 Shelter and infrastructure 615,000 1,784,211 2,399,211 880,000 421,711 1,620,000 2,921,711 Transport and logistics 1,700,600 5,704,747 7,405,347 666,600 3,533,747 4,045,000 8,245,347 Water 210,000 2,990,772 3,200,772 840,000 850,772 882,000 2,572,772 Total operations 15,630,636 83,502,494 99,133,130 19,180,595 36,685,556 39,820,804 95,686,955 Programme support 2,988,133 4,020,674 7,008,807 3,154,500 2,099,269 2,199,086 7,452,855 Total 18,618,769 87,523,168 106,141,937 22,335,095 38,784,825 42,019,890 103,139,810 1 Includes supplementary programmes for protection and assistance in Darfur (USD 37,812,372), return and reintegration of refugees and IDPs in Southern Sudan (USD 47,792,056), the Iraq Situation (USD 1,138,315), anaemia control and prevention (USD 280,425) and water and sanitation activities (USD 500,000). Note: Supplementary programme budgets exclude 7 per cent support costs that are recovered from contributions to meet indirect costs for UNHCR. UNHCR Global Appeal 2009 Update 163