1. Elizabeth T. Santosa, M.Psi, Psi.
Ayoe Sutomo, M.Psi, Psi.

2.  The way you see yourself
 Consist of your feelings and thoughts about
your strengths and weakness.
 Develop from:
 Others images of you
 Social comparison
 Cultural teaching
 Your own interpretation & evaluation

3.  Your insight into & knowledge about yourself.
 Understanding how your self concept develops in
one way to increase your self awareness.
 Four selves (Johari Window)
1.The Open self
All the
information, behavior, attitudes, feelings, desires, m
otivation, and ideas that you and others know. Ex:
name, skin color, sex, age, religion.
2. The Blind Self
Represent all the things about yourself that others
know but of which you’re ignorant. Ex:
habit, distinct body odor,

4. 3. The Hidden Self
All that you know your self and of others that you
keep secret.
 Over discloser = tell all
 Under discloser = tell nothing
 Selective discloser = keep certain things hidden and
disclose others; they make disclosures to some people and
not to others
4. The Unknown Self
Represent truths about yourself that neither you or
others know.
Revealed through temporary changes brought about
special experimental condition, such as hypnosis.

5.  Increasing Self Awareness:
 Ask about yourself
 Listen to others
 Actively seek information about yourself
 See your different selves
 Increase your open self

6.  The value you see yourself
Ex:How much do you like yourself? How valuable a
person do you think you are? How competent do
you think you are?
 Attack your self destructive believes:
(The drive to be perfect; The drive to be strong; The
drive to please; The drive to hurry up; The drive to
try hard)
 Secure affirmation :
Ex: I am worthy person; I am responsible and can be
dependent upon; I am capable of loving and being
love; I deserved good things to happen to me; I can
forgive myself for mistakes and missjudgement.

7.  Seek out nourishing people
 Noxious: criticize and find fault with just about
everything
 Nourishing people: optimist, reward, make you feel
good about your self.
 Work on project that will result in success

8.  Definition: Communicating information about
yourself to another person.
 It may information about:
 Your value, beliefs and desires
 Your behavior
 Your self qualities or characteristics
 Verbally or nonverbally.
 Reason for self-disclose:
 Catharsis
 To make yourself look good
 To help the listeners
 To maintain or repair a relationship

9.  Influence self disclosure:
 Who you are
 Your culture
 Your gender
 Your listeners
 Your topic and channel
 Rewards of Self Disclosure
 Selfknowledge
 Communication and relationship effectiveness
 Psychological health

10.  Dangers of self disclosure: Risks Ahead
 Personal risks
 Relational risks
 Professional risks

11.  Deciding wheter and how to self-disclose;
responding to the disclosures of others;
resisting pressures to self-disclosure
 Please considers things below:
1. Motivation for self-disclose
2. Appropriateness of the self-disclose
3. Disclosures of the other person
4. Possible burdens self-disclosure might entail
5. Facilitating and responding to self-disclosures

12.  Cont:
6. Skills of effective and active listening
7. Support and reinforce the discloser
8. Be willing to reciprocate
9. Keep the disclosures confidential
10. Dont use the disclosures against the person
11. Guidelines for resisting Self-Dislosure
12. Dont be pushed
13. Be assertive in your refusal to disclose
14. Be indirect and move to another topic

13.  A state of fear or anxiety about communication
interaction .
 Trait apprehension : fear of communication
generally
 State apprehension: fear of communication in
specific communication

14.  Degree of evaluation
 Subordinate status
 Degree of conspicuousness
 Degree of unpredictability
 Degree of dissimilarity
 Prior successes and failures
 Lack of communication skill and experience

15.  Cognitive restructuring
 Systematic desensitization
 Skill acquisition
 Prepare and practice
 Focus on success
 Familiarize yourself with the situation

16.  Definition: The process by which you become aware of
objects, events, and especially people through your
senses: sight, smell, taste, touch, and hearing.
 Active process
 Stages of perception:
1: Stimulation
Selective exposure: you expose yourself to
people, messages, that will confirm your existing
beliefs, contribute to your objects and prove satisfying
in some way.
2: Organization
 Organization by rules
 Organization by schemata
 Organization by script

17.  3: Intrepretation – Evaluation
 4: Memory
 5: Recall

18.  Self fulfilling prophecy (pygmalion effect)
 Prediction that came true because you act on it as if it
were true.
 Implicit Personality Theory
 The system of rules that tells you which characteristics
go with which other characteristics.
 Hallo effect vs Reverse Hallo
 Perceptualaccentuation
 Primacy – Regency
 Consistency

19.  Attribution
 Attribution process
 Consensus: Similarity with Others
 Consistensy: Similarity in different situation
 Distinctiveness: Similarity in Different Situation
 Controllability: Behavior Control
 Attribution Errors
 Self
serving bias
 Fundamental attribution error
 Overattribution

20.  Analize perception
 Check perception
1. Describe what you see or hear, recognizing
that description are not really objective but are
heavily influenced by who you are, your
emotional states, and so on.
2. Seek confirmation.
 Reduce uncertainly
 Increace Cultiral Sensitivity

21.  Give example about your self concept, self
awareness, and self esteem!