Brain fingerprinting is a technique developed by Lawrence Farwell that uses electroencephalography (EEG) to detect electrical brainwave responses called MERMERs that are elicited when a person recognizes familiar stimuli. It works by measuring the brain's response when a subject is exposed to words or images related to a crime. If the brainwave patterns match those that would be expected from someone familiar with the crime details, it suggests the person has knowledge of the crime. Brain fingerprinting has been used to help solve criminal cases and evaluate brain functioning, though further research with larger samples is still needed to fully validate its accuracy and capabilities.

1. SEMINAR ON
BRAIN FINGERPRINTING
Presentation by
T.V.VISHNU PRASAD

2. INTRODUCTION
 Brain Fingerprinting technique used to determine scientifically
what information is, or is not stored in a particular brain.
 Measures the response to the Visual and the Audio stimulus.
 Stimulus is a thing or event that evokes a specific functional
reaction in an organ or tissue.
 It does this by measuring electrical brainwave responses to
words, phrases, or pictures that are presented on a computer
screen

3. THE INVENTION
 Brain fingerprinting was invented by Lawrence Farewell.
Brain Fingerprinting technology is based on an electrical signal
known as MERMER.
 Farwell's brain fingerprinting originally used the wellknown P300 brain response to detect the brain's recognition of the
known information

4. MERMER
 Farwell discovered the P300-MERMER ("Memory and
Encoding Related Multifaceted Electroencephalographic
Response")
A MERMER is an electrical signal which is part of the brainwave
observed in response to familiar information..
When the brain recognizes something, then there is increase in
neurons activity, so elicit some changes in brain wave signals .

5. OPERATING MECHANISM :
Picture/word
shown to an
individual
(Stimulus)
Generates
brainwave
(P300)
Triggers
neurons
of brain
Electrical
Potentials
Accumulate in
brain
(MERMER)
Headgear fitted
with
Electrodes placed
on scalp
Study
Found
Guilty/ Not
guilty
the data
Using a
computer
program
EEG
amplifier
Generates analog
signals
P300 –
MERMER
(an scalp ERP
EEG)
Measures
brainwaves

6. A suspect is tested by looking at three kinds of information
represented by different colored lines :
RED : Information the suspect is expected to know. It
arises due to target type stimulus.
GREEN : Information not to suspect. The irrelevant
stimuli is responsible for this type of brain waves.
BLUE : Information of the crime that only perpetrator
would know. This occurs due to probes.

7. ONE OF THE TEST CASES OF A SUSPECT
The Following figure shows the RED and BLUE lines are
closely correlated.
This indicates the suspect or the criminal has the knowledge
of the CRIME.

8. STAGES OF BRAIN FINGERPRINTING
 Crime Scene Evidence Collection
Brain Evidence collection
Computer Evidence Analysis
Scientific Result

9. FEATURES & APPLICATIONS
Brain fingerprinting" is a computer-based test that is designed to
discover, document, and provide evidence of guilty knowledge regarding
crimes, and to identify individuals with a specific training or expertise
such as members of dormant terrorist cells or bomb makers. The
National Security is one of the applications regarding this.
It has also been used to evaluate brain functioning as a means of
early detection of Alzheimer's and other cognitively degenerative
diseases, and to evaluate the effectiveness of advertising by measuring
brain responses. It is applied in the Medical field.
Basically Brain fingerprinting is not lie detection. It is different from
polygraph(lie-detector), which measures emotion-based physiological
signals such as heart rate, sweating and blood pressure
It can help solve crimes.

10. LIMITATIONS
Brain fingerprinting detects information-processing brain
responses that reveal what information is stored in the subject's
brain. It does not detect how that information got there.
Brain fingerprinting does not detect lies. It simply detects
information. No questions are asked or answered during a brain
fingerprinting test.

11. CONCLUSION
• It would be inappropriate to generalize the results of the
present research because of the small sample of subjects.
• But the 100% accuracy and high confidence level of the
results, however, provide further support for results from
previous research using brain MERMER testing.