SlideShare ist ein Scribd-Unternehmen logo
1 von 38
Downloaden Sie, um offline zu lesen
Mesoporous Materials – Synthesis
       and Applications




        Vijaykumar S.Marakatti,
            PPISR, Bangalore.
Outline of the talk

 Introduction to porous materials

 Classification of porous materials

 Synthesis mechanism of mesoporous materials

 Applications of mesoporous materials
Introduction
“the overwhelming tendency for solids to minimize void space
within their structure” is inherent , porous materials are difficult
to make naturally.

But Einstein say “ in the middle of difficulty lies opportunity”


The above statement was made true by the Mobil scientist in the
year of 1992 by successfully synthesizing the Mesoporous
materials (MCM-41 and MCM-48) by using soft template
strategy.

This opened a new area of materials called Mesoporous
materials, and still lot of work are fascinating in this field.
What are Porous materials
 Most generalized definition of porous materials is continuous and
solid network material filled through voids.

 A material can be recognized as porous if its
internal voids can be filled with gases.

The history of porous materials began with the zeolites having
aluminoisilicates framework which was synthesized by the use single
template molecule with small pore.
Classification of porous materials



       Depending on pore size                     Depending on building
                                                      framework

Micropoorus   Mesoporous        Macroporous




<2nm           2-50 nm           >50nm
 ZSM-5           MCM-41         Sponge

                                     Purely inorganic   Organic Inorganic    Purely
                                                             hybrid          organic
                                              Silica        MOF               organic
                                                                      porous polymers
Mesoporus Materials
 Meso a Greek prefix – “ in between ” - micro and macro
  porous system
 Mesoporous materials may be ordered or disordered.

They possess high
 Surface area -400 -1000 m2/g
 Large pore volume
 High stability -500 -600 °C

 They are usually synthesized by the use of Soft template
method.

Ex: MCM-41,SBA-15,FDU-11,IITM-56 etc.
Difference between the zeolites and mesoporous materials

              Zeolites                      Mesoporous Materials
Highly crystalline                       Periodic arrangement with amorphous in
                                         nature
TO4 networks                             TO4,TO5 and TO6 networks
Si and Al are four connected by covalent Si and Al are 2 or three connected ,more
bond, less surface hydroxyl groups       surface hydroxyl groups
Hydrophobic surface area                 Hydrophilic surface area
High hydrothermal stability              Less hydrothermal stability
Crystalline walls and are thick          Amorphous walls and are thin
Synthesis temp is high (80 – 300 °C)     Synthesis temp is low (-10 to 120°C)
Long crystallization time                Formation rates are fast
Aqueous media is required for            Non –aqueous solvents and non polar
crystallization                          solvents can be used
Synthesis of zeolite is carried out in   Synthesis pH rang is from 0 to 12
neutral /weakly acid media
Synthesis of mesoporous materials

Soft template (endo template)        Hard template (exo template, nano casting)

• Uses soft templates like organic   •Uses inorganic materials like silica, carbon
                                                        etc
molecules .
                                        •Tedious work up, hard to get good
                                               morphology and costly
•Good shape , Size and morphology.                    CMK-1
  simple
• SBA-15 ,MCM-41 etc




                                                Meso-silica



                                                    CMK-1
Synthesis of mesoporous materials using soft
               template strategy




1.   Surfactants.
2.   Formation of Micelles.
3.   Inorganic precursor .
4.   Interaction of Micelles with inorganic precursor.
5.   Hydrothermal treatment followed by separation and drying
6.   Removal of template.
7.    Proposed mechanism
8.   Characterization of material.
1. Surfactant/ Template/Structure directing agent.
 Large organic molecules(High molecular weight) with both
  hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups.


 Depending upon charge they can be
 classified as


      Cationic                        Anionic               Non ionic/neutral
•Excellent solubility         •Excellent solubility         •Excellent solubility
•High critical Micelle con.   • repulsion between the       • High critical micelle temp.
•acidic and basic media       anionic surfactant is more.   •Acidic / basic media
• toxic and expensive                                       • non-toxic and cheap
2. Formation of micelle
• At a Low surfactant concentration will favor
arrangement on the surface.

• As the concentration increases surface being more
crowded as result molecule arrange in to micelles.

• At certain concentration the surface is completely
loaded and any further addition leads to the
Micelle arrengment.This conc. is known as CMC.

• Beyond the CMC self assembly of micelle occurs to
from 3D and 2D rod like arrays.

• Different template have the different CMC.

• To get ordered materials – 0 to20 mg/L
Different type of surfactant arrangement
What Makes them to show different type of arrangements ?
1. Critical micelle concentration
   Low micelle conc. are good to get ordered materials.

2. Packing parameter (g)
  g = V / ao l

V=Total volume of surfactant hydrophobic chains+ co-solvnet.
ao= Effective hydrophilic head group area at the aq. micelle surface.
l = kinetic surfactant tail length.

g <1/3 = cubic and 3 D hexagonal,
1/3<g>1/2 = 2D hexagonal
1/2<g>2/3 = cubic
g=1 = Lamellar

 3. The hydrophilic and hydrophobic Volume ratio (VH/VL)
3.Inorganic precursor and pH
Inorganic Precursor silica depends upon pH
Basic synthesis (pH =9.5 to 12.5)
-Polymerization and cross Linkage of silicate species are reversible
Silica gel, colloidal sol, Water glass , TEOS etc.
Acidic synthesis(pH= 1 to 2 )
- Irreversible.
- Slow hydrolysis TEOS is preferred.
4. Interaction of Micelles with inorganic precursor.
 Direct interaction of Surfactant with inorganic precursor




       Basic -Medium                      Acidic-Medium
Interaction of Surfactant with inorganic precursor through
intermediate ions




     Acidic-Medium                           Basic -Medium
Interaction of non ionic Surfactant with inorganic precursor
 through intermediate ions.




Hydrogen bonds favors most of times
5. Hydrothermal treatment followed by separation and
    drying.
 Method to improve mesoscopic regularity's of products.

 Reorganization, growth and crystallization

 80 -150 °C is temperature is usually used.

 High temperature will lead to the disorder and decomposition of
surfactants.

 Separation – filtration or centrifugation.

 Washing –alcohol or water. Basic media needs through washing.

 Drying at room temperature is good.
6. Removal of template.
    Removal of template will give rise to mesoporosity

                Different ways by which template can be
                                removed


                                                            Light irradiation
  Calcination
•Slow heating rate.            Solvent Extraction            • Microwave
• N2 -1 hr                     • Solvent ethanol /THF        •Ultraviolet rays
 O2- 4-6 hr – 2 °C/min         • small HCl is added            O3 and O
• O2-1 °C/min                  • Surfactant can be reused
• No surfactant recover
• low Surface silanol groups
• Not good for low thermal
  stable materials
•P-123 -550 °C
• CTAB -350 °C
p6mm
                                       Ia3d,
SBA-15                        MCM-48                 Pm3n

                                               SBA-1 and 6




                       Fd3m
         Im3m SBA-16                                   Fm3m.
                              FDU-2
                                                   KIT-5
Proposed mechanisms for synthesis mesoporous materials
1. Silicate rod assembly

 2 or 3 monolayer's of silicates species first deposits on isolated surfactant
miceller rods
2. Cooperative self assembly




 Low concentration Surfactant
3. True liquid crystal templating route




 High concentration Surfactant
Complete synthesis summary
7. Characterization of mesoporous materials
1. Low angel XRD
     0.5 -5 -2theta
    - orederness / disorder.


2. N2 sorption measurements –BJH
   method
 Surface area/pore diameter /pore
    volume


3. TEM images
   Order ,Morphohology ,
   Wall thickness
Applications
Application Chemical Catalysis
1. Mesoporous Materials as catalyst
Al-MCM-41 ,B-MCM-41, Sn-SBA-15 - Acidic
K- AlMCM-41 , Cs-AlMCM-41 -basic
TiMCM-41 ,V-MCM-41 -Redox
2.Mesoporous Materials as catalyst support
 • Noble metal supported catalyst supports
 Au-McM-41 , Pt- CMK-3
 • Metal oxide supported catalysis
 Fe2O3- MCM-41 ,RuO2-SBA-15
 • Metal complex supported catalysts
 Mn-Salen –SBA-15
3. Application in environmental catalysis
Immobilization of enzyme on Mesoporous Materials as
 catalysts
 Enzymes are excellent biocatalysts with high selectivity and efficiency
 in environment field, chemical and pharmaceutical industries
 are limited by their poor stability and chemical sensitivity
4. Good adsorbents
5.Applications in Biomedical field
1) Sustained Drug Release System
Virtually any drug within a size range compatible with the size of the meso-
channels has potential to be encapsulated and further deliver intracellularly.




         M. Vallet-Regi, et al. “A New Property of MCM-41: Drug Delivery System”, Chem. Mater. 2001, 13, 308-311.
2. Mesoporous Materials for Bone Tissue Engineering
Mesoporous Bioactive scaffolds
Scaffolds are needed that can act as temporary templates for bone regeneration
and actively stimulate vascularized bone growth so that bone grafting is no
longer necessary.

Bioactive glass is an ideal material because it rapidly bonds to bone and
degrades over time, releasing soluble silica and calcium ions that are thought to
stimulate osteoprogenitor cells.
1 Day



3 Day


7 Day
6.Mesoporous Polymers
Pioneers in Mesoporous Materials

                       Galen Stucky
                       SBA-15
                                        Fudan
                                      university
                                       FDU-11




Ryong Ryoo
KIT -6
Hard template
CMK materials

                                          P.Selvum
                                          IITM-56, NCCR-56
References:
“On the Controllable Soft-Templating Approach to Mesoporous Silicates”
Ying Wan and Dongyuan Zhao, chemical reviews, Volume 107, Number 7 .
“Soft templating strategies for the synthesis of mesoporous materials: Inorganic,
organic–inorganic hybrid and purely organic solids”
Nabanita Pal, Asim Bhaumik, Advances in Colloid and Interface Science 189–190 (2013) 21–41



                    Thank you

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Was ist angesagt?

Solvothermal method mithibai college msc part 1 pradeep jaiswal
Solvothermal method mithibai college msc part 1 pradeep jaiswalSolvothermal method mithibai college msc part 1 pradeep jaiswal
Solvothermal method mithibai college msc part 1 pradeep jaiswalPradeep Jaiswal
 
Preparation of nano particles
Preparation of nano particlesPreparation of nano particles
Preparation of nano particlesSANEESH KUMAR N
 
Applications of Metal Organic Frameworks(MOF) in water treatment
Applications of Metal Organic Frameworks(MOF) in water treatmentApplications of Metal Organic Frameworks(MOF) in water treatment
Applications of Metal Organic Frameworks(MOF) in water treatmentSainabijanzadeh
 
Graphene oxide and its biomedical applications
Graphene oxide and its biomedical applicationsGraphene oxide and its biomedical applications
Graphene oxide and its biomedical applicationsDr. Sitansu Sekhar Nanda
 
Basic of zeolite & its applications
Basic of zeolite & its applicationsBasic of zeolite & its applications
Basic of zeolite & its applicationsSagar Nayak
 
Mechanism of Polymerization
Mechanism of Polymerization Mechanism of Polymerization
Mechanism of Polymerization SumeetJha12
 
Magnetic Nanomaterials
Magnetic NanomaterialsMagnetic Nanomaterials
Magnetic NanomaterialsHemanth kumar
 
Synethsis method
Synethsis methodSynethsis method
Synethsis methodabdul latif
 
Polymer nanocomposites
Polymer nanocompositesPolymer nanocomposites
Polymer nanocompositesamzad hossain
 
Polymer Nano-Composites Presentation.
Polymer Nano-Composites Presentation.Polymer Nano-Composites Presentation.
Polymer Nano-Composites Presentation.Ritesh Singh
 
Hydrothermal &amp;solvothermal methods jeyakiruba
Hydrothermal &amp;solvothermal methods jeyakirubaHydrothermal &amp;solvothermal methods jeyakiruba
Hydrothermal &amp;solvothermal methods jeyakirubagracepaulraj
 
metal organic framework-carbon capture and sequestration
metal organic framework-carbon capture and sequestrationmetal organic framework-carbon capture and sequestration
metal organic framework-carbon capture and sequestrationVasiUddin Siddiqui
 
Graphene, graphene oxide chemistry aplications
Graphene, graphene oxide chemistry aplicationsGraphene, graphene oxide chemistry aplications
Graphene, graphene oxide chemistry aplicationsHarsha Reddy
 
Crystallinity in polymers
Crystallinity in polymers Crystallinity in polymers
Crystallinity in polymers Manjinder Singh
 
Polymer nanocomposites, nanofillers and their applications
Polymer nanocomposites, nanofillers and their applicationsPolymer nanocomposites, nanofillers and their applications
Polymer nanocomposites, nanofillers and their applicationskumuthan MS
 

Was ist angesagt? (20)

Solvothermal method mithibai college msc part 1 pradeep jaiswal
Solvothermal method mithibai college msc part 1 pradeep jaiswalSolvothermal method mithibai college msc part 1 pradeep jaiswal
Solvothermal method mithibai college msc part 1 pradeep jaiswal
 
Metal organic framework
Metal organic frameworkMetal organic framework
Metal organic framework
 
Preparation of nano particles
Preparation of nano particlesPreparation of nano particles
Preparation of nano particles
 
Applications of Metal Organic Frameworks(MOF) in water treatment
Applications of Metal Organic Frameworks(MOF) in water treatmentApplications of Metal Organic Frameworks(MOF) in water treatment
Applications of Metal Organic Frameworks(MOF) in water treatment
 
Nanoporous Materials
Nanoporous MaterialsNanoporous Materials
Nanoporous Materials
 
Graphene oxide and its biomedical applications
Graphene oxide and its biomedical applicationsGraphene oxide and its biomedical applications
Graphene oxide and its biomedical applications
 
Basic of zeolite & its applications
Basic of zeolite & its applicationsBasic of zeolite & its applications
Basic of zeolite & its applications
 
Mechanism of Polymerization
Mechanism of Polymerization Mechanism of Polymerization
Mechanism of Polymerization
 
Synthesis of graphene
Synthesis of grapheneSynthesis of graphene
Synthesis of graphene
 
Fullerenes
FullerenesFullerenes
Fullerenes
 
Magnetic Nanomaterials
Magnetic NanomaterialsMagnetic Nanomaterials
Magnetic Nanomaterials
 
Nanomaterials
NanomaterialsNanomaterials
Nanomaterials
 
Synethsis method
Synethsis methodSynethsis method
Synethsis method
 
Polymer nanocomposites
Polymer nanocompositesPolymer nanocomposites
Polymer nanocomposites
 
Polymer Nano-Composites Presentation.
Polymer Nano-Composites Presentation.Polymer Nano-Composites Presentation.
Polymer Nano-Composites Presentation.
 
Hydrothermal &amp;solvothermal methods jeyakiruba
Hydrothermal &amp;solvothermal methods jeyakirubaHydrothermal &amp;solvothermal methods jeyakiruba
Hydrothermal &amp;solvothermal methods jeyakiruba
 
metal organic framework-carbon capture and sequestration
metal organic framework-carbon capture and sequestrationmetal organic framework-carbon capture and sequestration
metal organic framework-carbon capture and sequestration
 
Graphene, graphene oxide chemistry aplications
Graphene, graphene oxide chemistry aplicationsGraphene, graphene oxide chemistry aplications
Graphene, graphene oxide chemistry aplications
 
Crystallinity in polymers
Crystallinity in polymers Crystallinity in polymers
Crystallinity in polymers
 
Polymer nanocomposites, nanofillers and their applications
Polymer nanocomposites, nanofillers and their applicationsPolymer nanocomposites, nanofillers and their applications
Polymer nanocomposites, nanofillers and their applications
 

Ähnlich wie Mesoporous materials

INTERCALATION AND EXFOLIATION
INTERCALATION  AND   EXFOLIATIONINTERCALATION  AND   EXFOLIATION
INTERCALATION AND EXFOLIATIONArjun K Gopi
 
nanomagnetic_particles2342423423425.pptx
nanomagnetic_particles2342423423425.pptxnanomagnetic_particles2342423423425.pptx
nanomagnetic_particles2342423423425.pptxKanekiSSS
 
phdjnlpap
phdjnlpapphdjnlpap
phdjnlpapathiru7
 
Nano composite and nano grain
Nano composite and nano grainNano composite and nano grain
Nano composite and nano grainJan Jose
 
Innovation Technology for Water Desalination Based on RO-NF Membrane
Innovation Technology for Water Desalination Based on RO-NF MembraneInnovation Technology for Water Desalination Based on RO-NF Membrane
Innovation Technology for Water Desalination Based on RO-NF MembraneAbdallah M. Ashraf
 
Introduction to Nanoparticals
Introduction to NanoparticalsIntroduction to Nanoparticals
Introduction to Nanoparticalsganeshapsunde
 
Synthesis of Nanomaterials
Synthesis of NanomaterialsSynthesis of Nanomaterials
Synthesis of NanomaterialsAnantha Kumar
 
Nanochemistry Basics (B.Tech / B.E. ))
Nanochemistry Basics (B.Tech / B.E. ))Nanochemistry Basics (B.Tech / B.E. ))
Nanochemistry Basics (B.Tech / B.E. ))Afzal Imam
 
Unit 5 Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology - 1.pptx
Unit 5 Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology - 1.pptxUnit 5 Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology - 1.pptx
Unit 5 Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology - 1.pptxDr. Sandip Thorat
 
Green synthesis
Green synthesisGreen synthesis
Green synthesisUroojAwan1
 
magnesium doped zinc oxide nano particle
magnesium doped zinc oxide nano particlemagnesium doped zinc oxide nano particle
magnesium doped zinc oxide nano particleabhi3607
 

Ähnlich wie Mesoporous materials (20)

Biomilling
BiomillingBiomilling
Biomilling
 
nanocomposites.pptx
nanocomposites.pptxnanocomposites.pptx
nanocomposites.pptx
 
Nanochemistry
NanochemistryNanochemistry
Nanochemistry
 
INTERCALATION AND EXFOLIATION
INTERCALATION  AND   EXFOLIATIONINTERCALATION  AND   EXFOLIATION
INTERCALATION AND EXFOLIATION
 
Nanocomposite
NanocompositeNanocomposite
Nanocomposite
 
nanomagnetic_particles2342423423425.pptx
nanomagnetic_particles2342423423425.pptxnanomagnetic_particles2342423423425.pptx
nanomagnetic_particles2342423423425.pptx
 
phdjnlpap
phdjnlpapphdjnlpap
phdjnlpap
 
nano ceramics and composites
nano ceramics and compositesnano ceramics and composites
nano ceramics and composites
 
Nano composite and nano grain
Nano composite and nano grainNano composite and nano grain
Nano composite and nano grain
 
Innovation Technology for Water Desalination Based on RO-NF Membrane
Innovation Technology for Water Desalination Based on RO-NF MembraneInnovation Technology for Water Desalination Based on RO-NF Membrane
Innovation Technology for Water Desalination Based on RO-NF Membrane
 
ferromagnetic nanomaterials
ferromagnetic nanomaterialsferromagnetic nanomaterials
ferromagnetic nanomaterials
 
Introduction to Nanoparticals
Introduction to NanoparticalsIntroduction to Nanoparticals
Introduction to Nanoparticals
 
Prem jeet 24
Prem jeet 24Prem jeet 24
Prem jeet 24
 
Synthesis of Nanomaterials
Synthesis of NanomaterialsSynthesis of Nanomaterials
Synthesis of Nanomaterials
 
Nanochemistry Basics (B.Tech / B.E. ))
Nanochemistry Basics (B.Tech / B.E. ))Nanochemistry Basics (B.Tech / B.E. ))
Nanochemistry Basics (B.Tech / B.E. ))
 
Applications of Nanomaterials
Applications of NanomaterialsApplications of Nanomaterials
Applications of Nanomaterials
 
Unit 5 Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology - 1.pptx
Unit 5 Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology - 1.pptxUnit 5 Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology - 1.pptx
Unit 5 Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology - 1.pptx
 
magnetic nps.pptx
magnetic nps.pptxmagnetic nps.pptx
magnetic nps.pptx
 
Green synthesis
Green synthesisGreen synthesis
Green synthesis
 
magnesium doped zinc oxide nano particle
magnesium doped zinc oxide nano particlemagnesium doped zinc oxide nano particle
magnesium doped zinc oxide nano particle
 

Mehr von Dr. VIJAYKUMAR MARAKATTI

Mehr von Dr. VIJAYKUMAR MARAKATTI (8)

12 principles of Green chemistry
12 principles of Green chemistry12 principles of Green chemistry
12 principles of Green chemistry
 
CO2 to Chemicals : An Overview
CO2 to Chemicals : An Overview CO2 to Chemicals : An Overview
CO2 to Chemicals : An Overview
 
Vijay ppisr
Vijay ppisrVijay ppisr
Vijay ppisr
 
Thermal analysis-TG-DTA
Thermal analysis-TG-DTAThermal analysis-TG-DTA
Thermal analysis-TG-DTA
 
Pore engeneering of ZSM-5 by silylation for the side chain alkylation of tolune
Pore engeneering of ZSM-5 by silylation for the side chain alkylation of tolunePore engeneering of ZSM-5 by silylation for the side chain alkylation of tolune
Pore engeneering of ZSM-5 by silylation for the side chain alkylation of tolune
 
Sulfated zirconia[1]
Sulfated zirconia[1]Sulfated zirconia[1]
Sulfated zirconia[1]
 
Introduction to material science
Introduction to material scienceIntroduction to material science
Introduction to material science
 
Silylation ppt
Silylation pptSilylation ppt
Silylation ppt
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen

Philosophy of Education and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education  and Educational PhilosophyPhilosophy of Education  and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education and Educational PhilosophyShuvankar Madhu
 
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming ClassesHuman-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming ClassesMohammad Hassany
 
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive EducationBenefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive EducationMJDuyan
 
The Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice documentThe Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice documentXsasf Sfdfasd
 
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptxPatterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptxMYDA ANGELICA SUAN
 
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxClinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxraviapr7
 
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptxPractical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptxKatherine Villaluna
 
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdfMaximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdfTechSoup
 
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptxPISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptxEduSkills OECD
 
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptxPrescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptxraviapr7
 
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.EnglishCEIPdeSigeiro
 
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
 
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17Celine George
 
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptxheathfieldcps1
 
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptxCAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptxSaurabhParmar42
 
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17Celine George
 
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxAUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxiammrhaywood
 
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxPractical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxKatherine Villaluna
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)

Philosophy of Education and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education  and Educational PhilosophyPhilosophy of Education  and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education and Educational Philosophy
 
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming ClassesHuman-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
 
Personal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdf
Personal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdfPersonal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdf
Personal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdf
 
Prelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quiz
Prelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quizPrelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quiz
Prelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quiz
 
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive EducationBenefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
 
The Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice documentThe Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice document
 
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptxPatterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
 
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxClinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
 
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptxPractical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
 
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdfMaximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
 
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptxPISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
 
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptxPrescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
 
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
 
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
 
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
 
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
 
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptxCAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
 
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
 
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxAUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
 
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxPractical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
 

Mesoporous materials

  • 1. Mesoporous Materials – Synthesis and Applications Vijaykumar S.Marakatti, PPISR, Bangalore.
  • 2. Outline of the talk  Introduction to porous materials  Classification of porous materials  Synthesis mechanism of mesoporous materials  Applications of mesoporous materials
  • 3. Introduction “the overwhelming tendency for solids to minimize void space within their structure” is inherent , porous materials are difficult to make naturally. But Einstein say “ in the middle of difficulty lies opportunity” The above statement was made true by the Mobil scientist in the year of 1992 by successfully synthesizing the Mesoporous materials (MCM-41 and MCM-48) by using soft template strategy. This opened a new area of materials called Mesoporous materials, and still lot of work are fascinating in this field.
  • 4. What are Porous materials  Most generalized definition of porous materials is continuous and solid network material filled through voids.  A material can be recognized as porous if its internal voids can be filled with gases. The history of porous materials began with the zeolites having aluminoisilicates framework which was synthesized by the use single template molecule with small pore.
  • 5. Classification of porous materials Depending on pore size Depending on building framework Micropoorus Mesoporous Macroporous <2nm 2-50 nm >50nm ZSM-5 MCM-41 Sponge Purely inorganic Organic Inorganic Purely hybrid organic Silica MOF organic porous polymers
  • 6. Mesoporus Materials  Meso a Greek prefix – “ in between ” - micro and macro porous system  Mesoporous materials may be ordered or disordered. They possess high  Surface area -400 -1000 m2/g  Large pore volume  High stability -500 -600 °C  They are usually synthesized by the use of Soft template method. Ex: MCM-41,SBA-15,FDU-11,IITM-56 etc.
  • 7. Difference between the zeolites and mesoporous materials Zeolites Mesoporous Materials Highly crystalline Periodic arrangement with amorphous in nature TO4 networks TO4,TO5 and TO6 networks Si and Al are four connected by covalent Si and Al are 2 or three connected ,more bond, less surface hydroxyl groups surface hydroxyl groups Hydrophobic surface area Hydrophilic surface area High hydrothermal stability Less hydrothermal stability Crystalline walls and are thick Amorphous walls and are thin Synthesis temp is high (80 – 300 °C) Synthesis temp is low (-10 to 120°C) Long crystallization time Formation rates are fast Aqueous media is required for Non –aqueous solvents and non polar crystallization solvents can be used Synthesis of zeolite is carried out in Synthesis pH rang is from 0 to 12 neutral /weakly acid media
  • 8. Synthesis of mesoporous materials Soft template (endo template) Hard template (exo template, nano casting) • Uses soft templates like organic •Uses inorganic materials like silica, carbon etc molecules . •Tedious work up, hard to get good morphology and costly •Good shape , Size and morphology. CMK-1 simple • SBA-15 ,MCM-41 etc Meso-silica CMK-1
  • 9. Synthesis of mesoporous materials using soft template strategy 1. Surfactants. 2. Formation of Micelles. 3. Inorganic precursor . 4. Interaction of Micelles with inorganic precursor. 5. Hydrothermal treatment followed by separation and drying 6. Removal of template. 7. Proposed mechanism 8. Characterization of material.
  • 10. 1. Surfactant/ Template/Structure directing agent.  Large organic molecules(High molecular weight) with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups.  Depending upon charge they can be classified as Cationic Anionic Non ionic/neutral •Excellent solubility •Excellent solubility •Excellent solubility •High critical Micelle con. • repulsion between the • High critical micelle temp. •acidic and basic media anionic surfactant is more. •Acidic / basic media • toxic and expensive • non-toxic and cheap
  • 11. 2. Formation of micelle • At a Low surfactant concentration will favor arrangement on the surface. • As the concentration increases surface being more crowded as result molecule arrange in to micelles. • At certain concentration the surface is completely loaded and any further addition leads to the Micelle arrengment.This conc. is known as CMC. • Beyond the CMC self assembly of micelle occurs to from 3D and 2D rod like arrays. • Different template have the different CMC. • To get ordered materials – 0 to20 mg/L
  • 12. Different type of surfactant arrangement
  • 13. What Makes them to show different type of arrangements ? 1. Critical micelle concentration Low micelle conc. are good to get ordered materials. 2. Packing parameter (g) g = V / ao l V=Total volume of surfactant hydrophobic chains+ co-solvnet. ao= Effective hydrophilic head group area at the aq. micelle surface. l = kinetic surfactant tail length. g <1/3 = cubic and 3 D hexagonal, 1/3<g>1/2 = 2D hexagonal 1/2<g>2/3 = cubic g=1 = Lamellar 3. The hydrophilic and hydrophobic Volume ratio (VH/VL)
  • 14. 3.Inorganic precursor and pH Inorganic Precursor silica depends upon pH Basic synthesis (pH =9.5 to 12.5) -Polymerization and cross Linkage of silicate species are reversible Silica gel, colloidal sol, Water glass , TEOS etc. Acidic synthesis(pH= 1 to 2 ) - Irreversible. - Slow hydrolysis TEOS is preferred.
  • 15. 4. Interaction of Micelles with inorganic precursor.  Direct interaction of Surfactant with inorganic precursor Basic -Medium Acidic-Medium
  • 16. Interaction of Surfactant with inorganic precursor through intermediate ions Acidic-Medium Basic -Medium
  • 17. Interaction of non ionic Surfactant with inorganic precursor through intermediate ions. Hydrogen bonds favors most of times
  • 18. 5. Hydrothermal treatment followed by separation and drying.  Method to improve mesoscopic regularity's of products.  Reorganization, growth and crystallization  80 -150 °C is temperature is usually used.  High temperature will lead to the disorder and decomposition of surfactants.  Separation – filtration or centrifugation.  Washing –alcohol or water. Basic media needs through washing.  Drying at room temperature is good.
  • 19. 6. Removal of template.  Removal of template will give rise to mesoporosity Different ways by which template can be removed Light irradiation Calcination •Slow heating rate. Solvent Extraction • Microwave • N2 -1 hr • Solvent ethanol /THF •Ultraviolet rays O2- 4-6 hr – 2 °C/min • small HCl is added O3 and O • O2-1 °C/min • Surfactant can be reused • No surfactant recover • low Surface silanol groups • Not good for low thermal stable materials •P-123 -550 °C • CTAB -350 °C
  • 20. p6mm Ia3d, SBA-15 MCM-48 Pm3n SBA-1 and 6 Fd3m Im3m SBA-16 Fm3m. FDU-2 KIT-5
  • 21. Proposed mechanisms for synthesis mesoporous materials 1. Silicate rod assembly  2 or 3 monolayer's of silicates species first deposits on isolated surfactant miceller rods
  • 22. 2. Cooperative self assembly  Low concentration Surfactant
  • 23. 3. True liquid crystal templating route  High concentration Surfactant
  • 25. 7. Characterization of mesoporous materials 1. Low angel XRD 0.5 -5 -2theta - orederness / disorder. 2. N2 sorption measurements –BJH method  Surface area/pore diameter /pore volume 3. TEM images Order ,Morphohology , Wall thickness
  • 27. Application Chemical Catalysis 1. Mesoporous Materials as catalyst Al-MCM-41 ,B-MCM-41, Sn-SBA-15 - Acidic K- AlMCM-41 , Cs-AlMCM-41 -basic TiMCM-41 ,V-MCM-41 -Redox
  • 28. 2.Mesoporous Materials as catalyst support • Noble metal supported catalyst supports Au-McM-41 , Pt- CMK-3 • Metal oxide supported catalysis Fe2O3- MCM-41 ,RuO2-SBA-15 • Metal complex supported catalysts Mn-Salen –SBA-15
  • 29. 3. Application in environmental catalysis Immobilization of enzyme on Mesoporous Materials as catalysts  Enzymes are excellent biocatalysts with high selectivity and efficiency  in environment field, chemical and pharmaceutical industries  are limited by their poor stability and chemical sensitivity
  • 32. 1) Sustained Drug Release System Virtually any drug within a size range compatible with the size of the meso- channels has potential to be encapsulated and further deliver intracellularly. M. Vallet-Regi, et al. “A New Property of MCM-41: Drug Delivery System”, Chem. Mater. 2001, 13, 308-311.
  • 33. 2. Mesoporous Materials for Bone Tissue Engineering
  • 34. Mesoporous Bioactive scaffolds Scaffolds are needed that can act as temporary templates for bone regeneration and actively stimulate vascularized bone growth so that bone grafting is no longer necessary. Bioactive glass is an ideal material because it rapidly bonds to bone and degrades over time, releasing soluble silica and calcium ions that are thought to stimulate osteoprogenitor cells.
  • 37. Pioneers in Mesoporous Materials Galen Stucky SBA-15 Fudan university FDU-11 Ryong Ryoo KIT -6 Hard template CMK materials P.Selvum IITM-56, NCCR-56
  • 38. References: “On the Controllable Soft-Templating Approach to Mesoporous Silicates” Ying Wan and Dongyuan Zhao, chemical reviews, Volume 107, Number 7 . “Soft templating strategies for the synthesis of mesoporous materials: Inorganic, organic–inorganic hybrid and purely organic solids” Nabanita Pal, Asim Bhaumik, Advances in Colloid and Interface Science 189–190 (2013) 21–41 Thank you