1. Public Clients as the Driver for BIM Adoption –
Why and how UK Government wants to change the
construction industry?
Professor Arto Kiviniemi
School of Architecture
School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2013

2. Our basic problem:
Construction industry is difficult to change
School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2013

3. Poor development of productivity
Productivity Growth in the UK Construction Industry 1993-2003
School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2013

4. Silos and blinkers
• Standardised roles, but at the same time poor understanding of
the information flows and needs in the process
School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2013

5. Business models and work processes
• Low bid ad-hoc teams
• Clients select the services based on the lowest price – in design this basically
means selecting the least effort
• Sub-optimisation
• Because of the low-bid business model, everyone must minimise their own
workload, despite of the fact that the consequent mistakes increase total
costs.
• Missing business benefits for upstream partners
• Why would they produce more or better information?
• Legal responsibilities
• Fear that new methods increase uncertainty and risks
• Systemic Innovations, i.e. product and process innovations that
require changes in multiple firms, are difficult to implement in
project based industries.
School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2013

6. Biggest challenge:
Resistance to change
School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2013

7. “It will not slice a pineapple”
• “Propose to any Englishman* any principle, or any instrument, however
admirable, and you will observe that the whole effort of the English mind is
directed to find a difficulty, a defect, or an impossibility in it.
• If you speak to him of a machine for peeling a potato, he will pronounce it
impossible: if you peel a potato with it before his eyes, he will declare it
useless, because it will not slice a pineapple.
• Impart the same principle or show the same machine to an American, and you
will observe that the whole effort of his mind is to find some new application of
the principle, some new use for the instrument.”
Charles Babbage, 1852
*In the context of my presentation this is not an English feature, but typical for the AECOO industry
Many people try to invent excuses why not
accept changes – such as BIM – but the real
reason is that they do not want to change!
School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2013

8. The industry needs a wake up call...
School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2013

9. Some public owners demanding BIM
• GSA (General Services Administration, USA) 2007
• First only Spatial Programme Validation, later expanded to Energy Performance &
Operations and Circulation & Security Validation
• Senate Properties (Finland) 2007
• Models mandatory through the whole design process
• COBIM 2012 national BIM requirements covering the whole information lifecycle
•
•
•
•
USACE (US Army Corps of Engineers) 2008
USCG (US Coast Guard, USA) 2009
Danish Enterprise and Construction Authority 2009
Statsbygg (Norway) 2010
School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2013

10. What about UK...
School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2013

11. Point of the Departure – May 2010
• Most people in UK – also in the universities – felt that modelling is
not, and will not be, important for AEC professionals in the future:
• ”The industry needs people who can make drawings with CAD and our task is
to provide those skills. There is no industry demand for BIM and we cannot
start teaching it. 3D modelling is too expensive for the industry and too
complicated for our students.”
School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2013

12. Paul Morrell on 1st October 2010
1 October 2010 | By Anna Winston
...and typical first reaction in the industry...
School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2013

13. Francis Maude on 31st May 2011
Government will require fully collaborative 3D BIM (with all project and asset
information, documentation and data being electronic) as a minimum by 2016.
School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2013

14. UK Government
____
David Philp 17th April 2012
School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2013

15. Why?
School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2013

16. Hypothesis
“Government as a client
can derive significant
improvements in cost,
value and carbon
performance through the
use of open sharable
asset information”
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Valuable
Understandable
General
Non Proprietary
Competitive
Open
Verifiable
Compliant
Funded
Five Year Programme

17. Paul Morrell 2nd November 2011

18. Paul Morrell 2nd November 2011

19. Paul Morrell 2nd November 2011

20. Industry problems?
School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2013

21. ?
Paul Morrell 2nd November 2011

22. Paul Morrell 2nd November 2011

23. Paul Morrell 2nd November 2011

24. Paul Morrell 2nd November 2011

25. Paul Morrell 2nd November 2011

26. Paul Morrell 2nd November 2011

27. What is the Strategy?
•
Push (Supply Chain)
–
Training
–
•
Early Warning to Mobilise
–
Methods & Documentation
•
–
PUSH
But not force or distort the
market?
·
·
·
·
Contracts
Training
Technology
Legal's
Leave the “How” to the
Supply Chain
PULL
How do we ensure we get the
information we need to
operate the Asset we have
bought?
How do we gather the
information we need to
manage the asset?
How do we make it fair so we
don’t force or distort the
market?
·
·
·
·
27 | WWW.BENTLEY.COM
Do it consistently
–
PROJECT
Be good in buying data
(as well as assets and services)
–
Deliver Level 2 BIM by 2016
How can we make it
easier for the supply chain
to move forward?
Pull (Government)
Make it clear what we want
When we want it
Collect it electronically
Keep it simple to start

28. Generic & Specific Building and Civils Delivery Stages
Stage 0
Strategy
Stage 1
Outcome
Definition
Gate 0
Gate 1
Gate 4
B Option
Select
Gate 5
Gate 6
Gate 7
Undertake
Competitive
Procurement
Gate 3
GRIP 1
Output
Definition
Network Rail
GRIP
TfL
CIMM
Pipeling
TfL
Spearmint
GRIP 2/3
Pre Feasibility
Option Select
GRIP 4
Single
Option
Selection
Startup
Define
Requirements
Production
Information
Concept
D
E
F
G
Close
H
J
Pre-Construction
Design
Deliver /
Close
Delivery
Technical
Design
Des ign Br ief
C
P re perat i on
GRIP 8
Project
Closeout
Develop (Build)
Initiation
B
A
GRIP 6/7
Const, Test
Comm &
Handback
GRIP 5
Detailed
Design
Manage
Asset
Gate 5
Gate 4
Procure /
Design
Startup
RIBA
Work stage
Establish
Service
Construction
to Practical
Completion
Gate 2
Design
Build
Test
Mobilisation
Gate 1
E
Close
Tender Action
Develop
Delivery
Strategy
D
Award
Tender
Documentation
Develop
Business
Case
OGC
Gateways
Post Practical Completion
K
L
Operational Use
Construction
Gather
1
2
3
4
20
40
Maintain
N
Check against
clients brief
Cost planning
Risk
Management
Use
Does the brief
meet my
requirements in
terms of
function, cost
and carbon?
Key
Client
Benefits
Check against
project brief
Cost planning
Tender
transparency
Environmental
Checks
Has anything
changed?
What is being
priced by the
main contractor?
Package
Scope check
Cost Checks
Carbon
Checks
Has anything
changed?
Has the design
been over value
engineered?
Key
X
Data Drops
Data
Management
28 | WWW.BENTLEY.COM
Stage 7
Benefits
Realisation
C
Pre-tender
Appraisal
CIOB RICS RIBA ICE ACE CIBSE BSRIA HVCA BRE BIFM
Gate 3
Stage 6
Project
Close
Stage 5
Delivery
Industry
Delivery Stages
Savings Achieved
Anticipated Savings
O&M Data
Handover
Actual Costs
Actual
Programme
Actual Carbon
Performance
Did I get what I
asked for?
Data to
effectively
manage my asset
N
N
N
Data and information to manage the asset base
in a safe, clean and cost effective manner.
Data drops (N) will be provided as often as is
necessary, reflecting notifiable changes to the
asset either through maintenance or repurposing
Transparency and clear availability of
information to proactively managed cost and
carbon performance of the asset.
Easy presentation of HMG reporting systems for
future planning and performance management
60
80
% Benefit
Data
Drops
Gate 2
A
Commence
TfL
(CGAP)
Mapping to
existing
processes
with
professional
institutions
Stage 4
Detailed
Design
Stage 3
Concept
Design
Stage 2
Feasibility
Des ign
Development
Plan of Works
The Project
Management
Framework
(PFM)
Lifecycle

29. 29 | WWW.BENTLEY.COM

30. Asset information
will be required in
COBie format
(Construction Operations
Building Information Exchange)
30 | WWW.BENTLEY.COM

31. Paul Morrell 2nd November 2011

32. Challenges?
School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2013

33. Understanding and management of expectations
Technology
Hype Cycle
after Gartner
?
Leading
companies
Visibility
Majority of
the UK industry
?
?
?
?
Peak of
?
Technology Inflated
Trough of
Slope of
Expectations Disillusionment Enlightenment
Trigger
Time
School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2013
Plateau of
Productivity

34. Required education
Who is educating the educators?
150,000 companies and 3,000,000 people with improved skills
Now
School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2013
2016

35. Relative maturity/competences in UK
Lack of strategic and life-cycle competences
School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2013
Government BIM Strategy: Improving BIM Training & Education
by Adam Matthews & David Cracknell

36. Strong domain specific views, lack of holistic view
Blind Monks Examining an Elephant
School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2013

37. Main benefits require collaboration
School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2013
Source: McGraw Hill: SmartMarket Report 2012

38. However, just doing what everyone
must do is not very good business...
…you must also ask: What’s there for me?
School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2013

39. Key question: What benefits are you
trying to achieve with BIM?
BIM is not a goal. It is a tool and to use a
tool efficiently you must know the goal
School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2013

40. One size does not fit all…
What is your business model?
School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2013

41. So, where is UK now?
The journey has started. A lot of work
has been done and is on-going, but
even more has to be done…
School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2013

42. Pilot projects to test requirements
·
·
·
·
·
·
Implementation Plan
EIR
Tender Documents
Scoring Process
Framework Training
Framework Support
Departmental Engagement
42 | WWW.BENTLEY.COM
· Departmental Strategies
· Early Adopters
· Sustained Embedded
Change

43. BIM policy stage by adoption rating - EMEA
3,5
Finland
Project Based BIM Adoption
3
UK
2,5
Germany
2
Sweden Norway
Denmark
Netherlands
1,5
France
Italy
Change in 2 years
1
Spain
0,5
BIM Policy and Contract Documentation
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2013
Source: Autodesk 2012

44. BIM is a tool – not the goal!
National Agency for Enterprise
and Construction, Denmark
School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2013