ជំនួយសតិ១៦

-1-
1- Fm’Bit
3
ebIeBalGMBIKm<IrRBHGPiFmμ eyIgGaceBalfa eRCA
Nas; Gt;yl; TenÞjk¾Gt;caM emø:aHehIyeFVI[citþmincg;eron
bu:Enþ ebIGPiFmμKWFm’BitLÚvenH xN³enH kMBugeXIj kMBugB¤
kMBugKit .l. eBalKWFm’Bitkñúgelak 6 CaGPiFmμEdl
RBHd¾manRBHPaKRTg;Rtas;sEmþg[dåg dUecñH etIeyIgmin
cg;eron mincg;dågnUvGPiFmμCaFm’Bit CaCÍvítxøÜnÉgeTb¤ ?
karsikSaRBHGPiFmμ KWsikSaedaybriytþi TaMgsikSa
edaysti EdlCastifñak;stib,dæan . karsikSay:agenH KW
eFVI[sÁal;xøÜnÉgbnþicmþg² nig sÁal;elaktamesckþIBit
EdlelakenHCasc©Fm’ .
mnusSeyIgsBVéf¶ EtgbbYlKñaeTAbdíbtþiFm’ b¤faeTA
eFVIFm’ kEnøgenH kEnøgenaH . erOgenH ebIbbYlKñaeTAedÍr
elg b¤eTAeFVIGVIepSgecHEt)an EtRtg;bdíbtþiFm’ GacbbYl
)anEdreT ? etIGVICabdíbtþiFm’ ?

-2-
bdíbtþiFm’ KW Fm’bdíbtþi sti bdíbtþikic©rbs;sti
bBaØa bdíbtþikic©rbs;bBaØa vÍriy³ bdíbtþikic©rbs;vÍriy³ eBal
KWkarEdl)andl;edaycMeBaH dl; dåg eXIjnUvFm’Bitkñúg
CÍvítCaRbRktI sBV²kal RKb;eBlevla . bdíbtþiFm’dUecñH
Ég CakarceRmInbBaØa CaPaBPøWsVag kan;EtPøWeLIg² . bu:Enþ
ebIminTan;)ansþab;[yl;GMBICÍvítFmμta²enH faCaFm’Bit Ca
GarmμN_énRBHkmμdæan KYrdl;karsikSaeT k¾minmanGVICa
bc©½yénbdíbtþiFm’eLIy eRBaHbdíbtþiFm’k¾CaGntþaFm’Edr
GaRs½ybc©½ysuT§² RbRBwtþeTACatYsikSaFm’Bit EdlFm’Bit
kMBugman kMBugR)akd tamTVarTaMg 6 .
eyIgGacbbYlKña[eFVITan kan;sIl )an bu:EnþenHk¾
edaysarehtuénkar[Tan ehtuénkarkan;sIl manRBm
pgEdr minEmnmanEtkarbbYlenaHeT . ebIeyIgbbYl
mnusSxVak;EPñkTaMgBIr[emIlrUb b¤bbYlmnusSføg;[sþab;
sMeLg etIeKenaH)aneXIjb¤)anB¤y:agdUcemþcekIteTA .
eyIgeFVIkarGVImYy vaTal;Etyl;nUvkargarenaH eTIb
eFVIekIt y:agNamij bdíbtþiFm’ EdlRbRBwtþeTA)an KW
GaRs½ykaryl;dågeTAkñúgFm’BitenaH² y:agenaHÉg .

-3-
½edÍm,Iyl;dåg savkrbs;RBHsmμasm<úT§ RtÚvGaRs½ykarsþab;
CacaM)ac;bMput sþab;ehIysþab;eTot KWsþab;Tal;Etyl;GMBI
Fm’Bit EdlRBHBuT§brmRKÚ sEmþg[dåg dUecñH ebIeyIgbbYl
GñkdéT[sþab;Fm’ b¤GFib,ayFm’[GñkdéTenaH²sþab;yl;
bdíbtþiFm’k¾ekIteLIg eFVIkic©rbs;xøÜn edayminmanrebobeTA
GgÁúy eTAedÍr y:agenH y:agenaH b¤eTAeFVIy:agNaeTot
TaMgGs; .
RBHsarIbutþsþab;Fm’seRmcmKÁpl b¤mnusS nig
eTvtasn§wksn§ab;eTot etImanbdíbtþiFm’Edrb¤eT ?
ebIGt;bdíbtþiFm’eT bdíevFFm’KWkarRtas;dågsc©Fm’
edaymKÁBaØaN ekIt)any:agdUcemþceTA . bdíbtþiFm’ Ca
namFm’suT§ minEmnrUbFm’GVImYyeLIy minEmnriyabf min
EmnTIkEnøg . bdíbtþiFm’ bbYlmin)an bgÁab;bBa¢amin)an
eRbImin)an bu:EnþbdíbtþiFm’ manehtuRKb;RKan;eBlNa k¾
ekIteLIgeBlenaH . dUecñH stV buKÁl tYxøÜn Gñk[bdíbtþi-
Fm’ekIteLIg minmaneT . minRtwmEtbdíbtþiFm’bu:eNÑaHeLIy
KWFm’TaMgGs;EdlekIteLIg suT§EtGaRs½ybc©½y. kñúgbNþa
bc©½yTaMgLay minmanbc©½yNaCamnusS CastV b¤Ca

-4-
eTvtanÞRBhμeLIy . kalEdlbdíbtþiFm’KWstikþI bBaØakþI
ceRmIneLIg )aneXIjFm’BitCaplénbc©½ydUecñHehIy citþ
k¾)anTTYlnUvkarGb;rMy:agRbesIr .
3
karGaneroWy²
3
karGanerOy²GMBIFm’Bit eFVI[mankareronsegát
Binitü rhUtTal;Et)anyl;fa CÍvítCaRbRktI KYrdl;kar
sikSa CaGarmμN_énRBHkmμdæan)anBitEmn . kMBugeXIj
kñúgxN³enH CasPavFm’EdlmanBit ebIminmankar
rlwkdågeT k¾CaeyIgGñkeXIj enHKWCakaryl;xus .
dUecñH kMBugeXIjkMBugB¤CaedÍm EdlCasPavFm’kñúg
elak 6 Tal;Etmanstib,dæan rlwk)an sikSa)an eTIb
lHkaryl;xusecj)an dUcCaBnøWPøWsVag km©at;ggåt .
3

-5-
2- esckþIRbmaT
3
BaküfaesckþIRbmaT KWCakareBalGMBItYFm’suT§²Edl
CaeQμaHénkarrs;enAedayR)ascaksti TaMgEdlRbRBwtþ
eTAedayemah³kñúgCvncitþ. eRBaHmanFm’RbmaTdUecñH eTIb
manBaküfa buKÁlRbmaT CakareBaledaybuKÁlaFidæan .
mnusSeyIgkalEdl[Tan eQμaHfa minRbmaTkñúg
Tan kalEdlrkSasIl eQμaHfa minRbmaTkñúgsIl .l.
bu:Enþ kalEdlminmanstib,dæan eQμaHfa RbmaTkñúgFm’Bit
kñúgCÍvítrs;enA .
kalEdleXIjrUbCaFmμta minmankarrlwkdåg min
mankarsikSaedaysticMeBaHFm’BitmYyEbbenH EdlCaFm’-
BitpøÚvEPñk CaelakkñúgGriyvín½y . B¤Fmμta FuMkøinFmμta dåg
rsFmμta dågepadæBV³k¾CaFmμta nwkKitCaRbRktI Fm’Bit
TaMgGs;enH manEtGs;eTA knøgeTA edayminmankarsikSa
min)annUvkarecHdåg RbRBwtþeTAedayPaBRBegÍykenþIy min
ykcitþTukdak; mindågfa CaGarmμN_énRBHkmμdæand¾sMxan;

-6-
CaTIbMputeLIy .
eRtkGrnwgkaredklk; k¾eRBaHEtesckþIRbmaT min
rIkraykñúgkarrlwksikSanUvFm’Bit kñúgeBlEdlminTan;edk
lk; nig kñúgeBlEdlPJak;eLIg .
Fm’BitEdlKYrdl;karsikSaedaystirlwk Gt;RtÚveTA
sagkñúgTINa b¤eFVIGVI[xusBIRbRktIeLIy KWrlwksikSaFm’-
BitCaRbRktI [Tal;Etdågc,as;tamesckþIBit minEmnCaxøÜn
eyIgehIyeRsc ehIyk¾mincaM)ac;TTYlPar³teTAeTotEdr .
buKÁlEdldak;cuHnUvPar³TaMgBYgKWRBHGrhnþ .
karEdlkan;Etyl; GMBIlkçN³énesckþIRbmaTenH
eTA)an eRBaHmkGMBI)andågFm’Bit KWdågfa Fm’BitKYrdl;
karsikSarMlt;nUvkgVl;RKb;y:ag ÉkarEdlminrlwksikSa
enHCa bmaTFm’ .
xN³eXIjrUb KWFm’BitmYyEbbkMBugeFVIkic©eXIj KW
TsSnkic© . eTaHCamenaTVarvífÍcitþdågfarUbenaHt)ankar
vaCasMram b¤vaCaesμA .l. EdleXIjral;éf¶ y:agNak¾
eday bu:EnþcitþeXIjkþI rU)armμN_kþI CaFm’Bitd¾sMxan;kñúgkar
sikSaceRmInbBaØa . ÉsMramb¤esμACaedÍmenaH minmaneday

-7-
brmtß minmanCasPav³GVIEdlGaRs½ybc©½yekIteLIgenaH
eLIy .
mnusSenaH eyIgKitfaKYrs¥b;xøaMgNas; EtkareXIj
CaFm’Bit karB¤CaFm’Bit karKitCaFm’Bit rUbCaFm’Bit
sMeLgCaFm’Bit . karEdlminsikSanUvFm’BitTaMgenH eRBaH
stifñak;stib,dæanmin)anekIteLIg enHCabmaTFm’ .
mYyéf¶² mYyCati²knøgeTA rvl;EtnwgxøÜnÉg xVl;Et
CamYynwgGñkdéT l¶g;exøA ggåtCamYynwgFm’Bit enHCa
bmaTFm’ .
dågekþA rvl;EtTas;citþCamYyekþA rs;enACamYynwg
karvegVg EsVgrkRtCak; enHCasgSarvdþEvgq¶ay . tamBit
ekþAkþI kardågekþAkþI CaFm’Bit EdlkMBugR)akd )anmkdl;
ehIyeRsc edaymincaM)ac;EsVgrk .
ebIRBHsmμasm<úT§min)anRtas;sEmþgR)ab;eTenaH etI
manGñkNamkR)ab;faekþAFmμtaral;éf¶ EdlR)akdRtg;kay-
b,saTenH CaFm’Bit CaGarmμN_énesckþIs¶b; . kardågekþA
RKb;Kña TaMgmnusSTaMgstV CaFm’Bit Cabrmtß eFVIkic©dåg
epadæBV³KWekþAenaHÉg . Fm’TaMgGs;GaRs½ybc©½yekIteLIg

-8-
suT§Etmankic©rbs;xøÜn Ékic©rbs;stVbuKÁldéTepSgeTot
minmaneLIy . karsikSanUvFm’BitTaMgGs;enHÉg EdlnaM[
TMenr Rsal s¶b;kgVl; . ÉkarEdlrMlgecalnUvFm’Bitkñúg
CÍvítral;éf¶ erog²xøÜnenH eRBaHminmanstisikSa eQμaHfa
rs;enAedayesckþIRbmaT .
3
karGaneroWy²
3
karGanerOy²GMBIFm’Bit eFVI[mankareronsegát
Binitü rhUtTal;Et)anyl;fa CÍvítCaRbRktI KYrdl;kar
sikSa CaGarmμN_énRBHkmμdæan)anBitEmn . kMBugeXIj
kñúgxN³enH CasPavFm’EdlmanBit ebIminmankar
rlwkdågeT k¾CaeyIgGñkeXIj enHKWCakaryl;xus .
dUecñH kMBugeXIjkMBugB¤CaedÍm EdlCasPavFm’kñúg
elak 6 Tal;Etmanstib,dæan rlwk)an sikSa)an eTIb
lHkaryl;xusecj)an dUcCaBnøWPøWsVag km©at;ggåt .
3

-9-
3- esckþIminRbmaT
3
esckþIminRbmaT CaeQμaHénkarmansti . sti
fñak;stib,dæan CakarsagRBhμyannaMstVecjcakelak
eBalKWlHbg;nUvGtþsBaØa esckþIsmÁal;faCatYxøÜnkñúgelak
6 manelakEPñkCaedÍm .
CaFmμtaénkarminmanstifñak;stib,dæan rEmgRbkan;
xøÜnfaCaGñkTTYlGarmμN_ . karRCb;gb;kñúgGarmμN_EbbenH
edayeRcInKWRbRBwtþeTAedayGPiCÄa nig eTamnsS )anCa
ePøcFm’BitkñúgxN³enaHÉg .
Fm’BitRKb;y:ag eFVIkic©eFVInaTIrbs;xøÜn tamEdlFm’-
BitenaH²CabrmtßFm’ . karEdlmanstisikSanUvFm’Bit
esckþIGs©arümYyk¾)anekIteLIg KWFm’BiteFVIkic©eFVInaTIC¿nYs
eyIgkñúgelak 6 enH edaymincaM)ac;[eyIgrvl;kñúgelak
eLIy .
etIeyIgcaM)ac;RtÚvTamTarGVIeToteT EdlkarTamTar
enHÉgehIy naM[eyIgmankarTas;citþrkerOgeKÉgepSg²

-10-
enaH ebIrgVan;b¤GanisgSrbs;GñkceRmInstib,dæan RtÚv)an
seRmc nUvkarGs;Parkic©kñúgelak 6 dUecñH . tamBit KW
minmanTamTarGVIkñúgelakTaMgGs; eRBaHfastib,dæanKWCa
karrUtrHCRmHpøÚvkñúgd¿eNIrecjcakGMBIelakénmc©úraC .
vaminmankar)anGVIBIkñúgelakenH [RbesIr [)annUv
TIBwg dUcCakarrlwkdågFm’BitEdlkMBugR)akdenaHeT .
Fm’BiteFVIkic©eFVInaTIC¿nYseyIg edaymincaM)ac;eyIg
enHxVl;rvl;enAkñúgelak rgVan;FMBiessbu:NÑwgehIy enA
minsuxcitþeTotb¤ ?
stib,dæanb,díbtþi rs;enACamYynwgFm’Bit eRkbyk
rsCatiénFm’Bit dUcCaXμúMeRkbpáa Ék,alTwkXμúMd¾Ep¥m Ca
eQμaHénGriymKÁ .
rs;enAral;éf¶ maneBlNaEdlminmanFm’Bit va
RKan;EtFm’BitenaHmanCeRmA edayesckþIfa dåg)aneday
Rk . Fm’Bit manrsCatieFVI[s¶b;citþ enAeBlEdlGtßrs
énesckþIBitR)akddl;bBaØa BitCaEsnmenarmüNas; sux
citþ TTYlkarBit minRbTUsþ mincab;Rbkan; dågc,as;nUvFm’-
Bit s¶b;citþ .

-11-
RBHBuT§brmRKÚ RTg;Rtas;TUnμannagbdacar [nag
yl;c,as;fa TIBwgkñúgEdnmc©úraC minmaneLIy bu:Enþ TIBwg
déTBitCaman KWRBHniBVan .
nagbdacar)anseRmcesatabtþipl edaystib,-
dæanb,díbtþikñúgeBlsþab;RBHFm’eTsnaenaHÉg . minman
buKÁlNamYy Edl)anseRmcmKÁpl eRkABIkarceRmIn
stib,dæaneLIy sUm,IEtenAeBlkMBugsþab;RBHFm’ . buKÁl
xøHeTot seRmcmKÁpleBlEdlenAkñúgmat;xøa xøHeTotkMBug
QWxøaMg nig xøHeTot)anseRmcenAeBlCítsøab; .
dUcEdl)anbBa¢ak;kñúgbmaTFm’ehIy karEdlmin)an
cab;GarmμN_cMeBaHFm’Bit Fmμta² kñúgCÍvít minrlwksikSa
enHCaesckþIRbmaT . vadUcCaRKab;eBRCb¤du¿masCamYynwg
stVman;dUecñaHÉg KWmaseBRCenaH vaminCaRbeyaCn_cMeBaH
stVman;eLIy bu:EnþvamantémøsRmab;mnusSNas; y:agNa-
mij CÍvítCaRbRktIsuT§EtCaFm’Bit RtÚv)ane)aHbg;ecaleTA
TeT² eRBaHbmaTFm’ KWminmanstifñak;stib,dæan . CÍvítCa
RbRktI manFm’GVIEdlminEmnCaFm’kñúgstib,dæan 4 ebIFm’
TaMgGs;enH R)akdCaFm’Bit eFVIkic©kñúgelakCMnYseyIg

-12-
ehIyenaH etIeyIgenAerrabEg¥bg¥g;cg;)anGVIeTot Kb,ICa
bNÐit rUtrHCRmHpøÚvecjGMBIelakenH Tan;man»kasl¥
minEmneTb¤ ?
3
TIenHs¶b;Bit
3
minmanesckþIs¶b;Na [dUcCaesckþIs¶b; eRBaH
karrlt;eTAéntNða manH nig TidæíenHeT . s¶b;kñúg
víbsSna KWs¶b;kMBugEteXIj kMBugEtB¤ CaRbRktI RBm
tamGVI²EdlR)akdkñúgTVar 6 TVarEPñksRmab;rU)armμN_
TVarRtecoksRmab;sTÞarmμN_ TVarRcmuHsRmab;Kn§armμN_
TVarGNþatsRmab;rsarmμN_ TVarkaysRmab;epadæBVa-
rmμN_ nig TVarcitþsRmab;FmμarmμN_ .
3

-13-
4- smaFi
3
sgS½yfa min)aneFVIsmaFi eQμaHfamin)an
bdíbtþiFm’ b¤min)anseRmcmKÁpl .
mü:ageTot sgS½yfa ceRmInvíbsSna etIcaM)ac;eFVI
smaFiCamunEdrb¤eT . karsgS½yTaMgenH eRBaHmkGMBImin
dågvíbsSnamansPavlkçN³dUcemþc . kalEdlmindåg
minsÁal;tYvíbsSnatamBitKWminGacceRmInvíbsSna)aneLIy
eTaHCaeFVIsmaFi)anseRmcbu:nNak¾eday .
víbsSna KWkareXIjc,as; eXIjFm’Bit tamBit .
víbsSnaceRmIneLIglHbg;karsgS½ykñúgbdíbtþiFm’ cMNuc
EdlGs;sgS½yenARtg;eXIjc,as;fa Fm’TaMgLayGaRs½y
bc©½yekIteLIg .
BuT§bris½TeyIg enAC¿Bak;citþnwgbdíbtþiFm’ kalEdl
GanRBHéRtbidkehIy k¾TTYlesckþI)anfa RBHBuT§brmRKÚ
Rtas;R)ab;[eyIgbdíbtþiFm’ dUecñHeyIgRtÚvbdíbtþitam .
BuT§bris½T sþab;)anRtg;Baküfa eyIgbdíbtþiFm’ bu:Enþ mindåg

-14-
fa GVICabdíbtþiFm’eLIy .
bdíbtþiFm’ CaFm’BitmYyEpñk GaRs½ybc©½yekIteLIg
bdíbtþikic©rbs;xøÜn GñkbdíbtþiepSgeTotCaeyIg CaeKminman
eLIy KWmanEtFm’bdíbtþibu:eNÑaH .
BuT§bris½T xMRbwg[xøÜnÉg)anCaGñkbdíbtþi bu:EnþFm’-
Bit enAkñúgTIggåtQwg eBareBjedaybmaTFm’ eRBaHehtu
Etminmanstifñak;stib,dæan .
manEtstifñak;stib,dæanbu:eNÑaH EdlGuCRbTIbbBaØa
eFVI[Fm’BitR)akdkñúgBnøWPøWsVag . kalEdlFm’BitR)akdnUv
sPaBsUnücakstVbuKÁl sUnücaktYxøÜnehIyenaH esckþI
sgS½yfa bdíbtþiFm’dUcemþc RtÚverobcMGarmμN_EbbNa[
stirlwkdåg RtÚvGgÁúy RtÚvedÍrEbbNa b¤RtÚvbdíbtþieBlNa
.l. minmaneLIy eRBaHGñkbdíbtþi CastVbuKÁltYxøÜn min
maneT .
kñúgkarGb;rMceRmInstib,dæan k¾CakarceRmInsmμa-
smaFipgEdr KWmanlkçN³cab;esckþIBiténFm’Bit)anCab;
maMTaM bBaØak¾ceRmIneLIg . bBaØafñak;víbsSna man]bkar³
dl;smaFiEdlCavíharFm’ dUcCasmaFikñúgGnusStiCaedÍm.

-15-
kuslFm’TaMgLay man]bkar³dl;Kña eRscEtkmøaMg
énkuslFm’enaH² . stib,dæanb,díbtþikm©at;bg;nUvqnÞraK³
sUm,IkñúgkuslFm’ enHCabdíbTavísuT§i minRbRBwtþeTAeday
karCab;enAkñúgelak . stib,dæanb,díbtþi minmankarq¶l;
ehIyk¾minmankarxVayxVl;sagFm’GVITaMgGs; eBalKW min
sagGarmμN_edÍm,I[stirlwkeLIy eRscehIyEtFm’Bit
xN³enHR)akdlkçN³Bit enHCatYbdíbtþiFm’ EdlCadYg
RbTIb .
stib,dæanb,díbtþi Gt;KiteFVIsmaFi Gt;KitceRmInsti
Gt;KitceRmInvíbsSna Gt;KiteFVIsIl Gt;erobcMeFVIGVI²Camun
sinTaMgGs; KWfaesckþIBiténFm’Bit R)akdmkCaGarmμN_én
esckþIs¶b;nUvGPiCÄa nig eTamnsS enHCastib,dæanb,díbtþi
CaPaBPøWsVagkm©at;ggåt .
KMnitEdlKitbdíbtþiFm’ ehIyerobcMCÍvít[xusBIRb-
RktIedÍm,IbdíbtþiFm’ TaMgEdlminEmnCavíharFm’ minEmnCa
GFüaRs½y EbbenH mingaysabsUnüBIbufuC¢neLIy eRBaH
bufuC¢nxVl;nwgxøÜnÉgGs;kalCaGEgVgNas;mkehIy ehIy
k¾kMBugrsat;GENþtteTAeTot eRBaHskmμPaBCaGPisgçar.

-16-
5- Fm’BitKWCÍvitenHÉg
3
BuT§bris½TeyIgedayeRcInyl;fa Fm’BitedayELk
epSgGMBICÍvítrs;enAral;éf¶enH bu:Enþ kalEdl)ansikSa
RBHFm’ehIy eTIbdågfa Fm’BitKWCÍvítral;éf¶enHÉg . RBH-
d¾manRBHPaK RTg;Rtas;sEmþgGMBIelaP³ KWesckþIR)afña
edaykarCab;C¿Bak;sBVEbby:ag EdleyIgminmanstirlwk
dågfaCaFm’Bit eBlxøH ecHKitcg;lHelaP³ TaMgEdlmin
dågfa elaP³CaFm’Bit eFVIkic©eFVInaTIrbs;xøÜnbu:eNÑaH .
elaP³kñúgCÍvítral;éf¶ CaFm’BitmYyEbb b¤CaeyIgGñk
RsLaj;Cab;C¿Bak; ?
tamBit BaküfaeyIgRsLaj; eyIgCab;C¿Bak; RKan;
Etsnμtbu:eNÑaH ÉFm’BitmanRtwmEtelaP³ EdlekItehIy
rlt;eTA knøgeTA elaP³xN³fμÍ dYgfμÍekItbnþ .
RBHd¾manRBHPaKRTg;Rtas;GMBIeTas³ KWkarfñaMgfñak;
karGak;Gn;citþ BitCaCÍvítral;éf¶ . RBHGgÁRtas;GMBIemtþa

-17-
kruNa kareXIj karB¤ suxTukçCaedÍm . FmμeTsnarbs;
RBHd¾manRBHPaK KWRTg;RbkasFm’Bit edÍm,I[Gñksþab;man
sμartIrlwksikSa ekItbBaØadågfa GVI²RKb;y:agKWCaFm’Bit
ehIyrlt;nUvGtþanuTidæí .
kñúgstib,dæansURt RBHGgÁRTg;Rtas;sEmþg[rlwk
dågFm’BitkñúgCÍvítral;éf¶ . kñúgRBHFm’eTsna )ansEmþgfa
cMeBaHCÍvítenH taMgBIekItdl;søab; suT§EtCaFm’BitTaMgGs;.
kMBugeXIjCaedÍm Føab;Etyl;fa CatYxøÜneyIg CaGñkenH Ca
GñkenaH EtesckþIBit CasPavFm’mYyEbbEdlmanBit .
Fm’EdlmanBit Cabrmtß kan;EtR)akd eRBaHmanstirlwk.
Fm’EdlmanBit CabrmtßTaMgenH eFVIkic©kñúgelak 6 Caelak
rbs;mc©úraC cMENkstifñak;stib,dæan sagRBhμyanecj
cakelak .
Fm’EdlmanBit LÚvenH kMBugEteFVIkic©eFVInaTIC¿nYs
eyIg enHCakarmanstirlwk . ebIeyIgmin)ansþab;RBHFm’
eT k¾GacKitfa eyIg)ansÁal;xøÜnÉgy:agc,as;las; TaMg
rUbkay TaMgcitþKMnit luHdl;)ansikSaRBHFm’ehIy eTIbdåg
fa karEdlFøab;yl;BImunmkenaHÉg suT§Etxus eRBaHmin

-18-
sÁal;Fm’Bit . karyl;xusKWminRtÚvtamkarBitEdlRBHd¾-
manRBHPaKRTg;Rtas;dåg dUcCayl;fa kMBugeXIjxN³enH
CaeyIg kMBugnwkKitxN³enHk¾CaeyIgEdr eBalKWCaxøÜn
eyIgTaMgeXIj TaMgnwkKit . mun)ansþab;RBHFm’ GVI²k¾Ca
eyIgEdr luHdl;)ansþab;yl; KWyl;fa Fm’Bit )andl;GVI²
TaMgGs;EdlekItmankñúgCÍvít karKitk¾CaFm’BitmYyEbb kar
eXIjk¾CaFm’BitmYyEbb minEmneyIgeLIy .
xN³EdlkMBugsþab;B¤LÚvenH mingaynwgeXIjtam
RBHFm’ Edl)ansEmþgfa minEmneyIgenaHeLIy . GakarB¤
CasPavFm’mYyEbbEdlmanBit bu:Enþ vaEsnlM)ak Edlnwg
GaceXIjRtwmRtÚvy:agenaHeTA)an . BuT§bris½T sþab;ehIy
BicarNadUecñHfa ebIminmansMeLgb:HRtecokeT etIesat-
víBaØaNekIt)any:agdUcemþceTA . dUecñH sMeLgCaFm’Bit
mYyEbb minGacb:HnwgbsaTrUbdéTeRkAGMBIesatb,saT
)aneLIy . esatb,saTrUb CarUbEdlmanlkçN³Biess
kñúgragkay Gacb:HnwgsMeLg)an rUbdéTEdlminEmnCa
esatb,saT minGacb:HnwgsMeLg)aneT . BicarNaerOy²
yl;eLIg² KWyl;fa sMeLgCasPavrUbmYyEbbEdlman

-19-
Bit² esatb,saTk¾CasPavrUbmYyEbbeTot EdlmanBit²
dUecñaH esatvíBaØaNKWkarB¤ekIteLIgk¾rEmgmanBit²Edr etI
manGñkNaCaGñkB¤epSgeTotenaH .
3
elakénkarrs;enA
3
GarmμN_rbs;citþtamTVar6 KWrU)armμN_ sTÞarmμN_
Kn§armμN_ rsarmμN_ epadæBVarmμN_ nig FmμarmμN_
Caelakénkarrs;enA . Ékarrs;enAkñúgelakKWcitþ nig
ectsik ekIteLIgdågGarmμN_enaH² bu:eNÑaHÉg.
etIeyIg)anGVIkñúgelakenH eRBaHfaGVI²RKan;EtCa
GarmμN_rbs;víBaØaNbu:eNÑaH ÉvíBaØaNenaH dågGarmμN_
NaehIy k¾rlt;)at;ecalGarmμN_enaHeTA .
3

-20-
6- Gt;man)anGVIeT
3
kñúgelakenH minmanGVIeRkAGMBIGarmμN_rbs;vífÍcitþ
eLIy citþekIteLIgdågGarmμN_NaehIy sUm,IcitþxøÜnÉgk¾
rlt;sUnüeTA etImanGñkNa)anGVIkñúgelak . elakEdlCa
rU)armμN_k¾EbkFøay sMeLgk¾rlt; køin rs epadæBV³ nig
sPav³EdlCaFmμarmμN_ suT§EtknøgeTA rlt;rlayeTA Gt;
manRtLb;mkekItvíjeT lkçN³EbbenH nwgCarbs;eyIg
)aneT b¤faCatYxøÜneyIg)anEdreT .
GtIta Fmμa GVI²EdlknøgeTAKWsuT§EtCaBYkFm’Bit
TaMgGs; Fm’Bitrlt;eTATaMgRss;² eXIjehIyrlt; B¤
ehIyrlt; KitehIyrlt; sux Tukç QWcab; xUccitþ b¤kar
rIkraykalEdlenABIekμg k¾rlt;Gs;eTAehIy sUm,IEt
mSilmijenHÉg k¾Gt;manGVIsl;eLIy b¤sUm,IEtmYyEPøtmun
enH k¾rlt;eTAehIyEdr .
karEdleyIgRbkan;fa manxøÜneyIgCaGñkrs;enArhUt
mk dUecñH sEmþg[eXIjfa eyIgmin)anyl;Fm’Bit tamdUc

-21-
EdlRBHd¾manRBHPaKRTg;Rtas;sEmþgeLIy rhUtdl;eyIg
)ansikSanUvRBHFm’Bit² TaMgEdlsikSaehIy)aneXIjnUv
RbeyaCn_Bit²eTot RbeyaCn_d¾éRkElgKWenARtg;dågFm’Bit
ehIysuxs¶b;kñúgcitþ .
ebIeyIgmin)ansikSaRBHFm’[eXIjRbeyaCn_BiteT
eyIgmanCÍvítrs;enAedaymindågfa CÍvítenH tamBitvaCaGVI
eLIy rs;enAeBjeTAedaykarmindåg manEtesckþIRbkan;
nUvrUbragkay taMgEtBIsk;k,aldl;)ateCÍg hak;dUcCaman
GñkNaRbKl;[TeT²G‘Ícwg Rbkan;víBaØaN Rbkan;citþKMnit
Rbkan;sux Rbkan;TukçCaedÍmfaCaxøÜnb¤Carbs;xøÜn .
RTBüsm,tþi eyIgsnμtEckKñacayvay eRbIR)as; b¤
[Tan . xøÜneyIgkþI GñkdéTkþI suT§EtsnμtTaMgGs; eyIgGac
rs;enA[CasuxCamYyKña RbRBwtþmhakusldl;Kña . kUn
RbúsRsIeKarBmatabita .l. )anCasnμtfaCaeyIg nig
faCarbs;eyIgehIy k¾Kb,IRbRBwtþeRbIR)as; eKarBbUCa b¤
manRBhμvíhar[)ansmrmüeTAcuH eRBaHfa tamBiteday
brmtß GVI²TaMgGs;suT§EtCarbs;kñúgelak .
xn§elak Gaytnelak Fatuelak elakTaMgGs;

-22-
R)akddl;bBaØa KWCaelakkñúgTVar 6 . kñúgTVar 6 mancitþdåg
GarmμN_ . ckçúvíBaØaNdågrU)armμN_ )anesckþIfa rU)armμN_
Cabc©½ymYyd¾sMxan;kñúgkarjúaMgckçúvíBaØaN[ekIteLIg xVH
bc©½yenHmin)aneLIy mü:ageTot eRBaHmanEPñkKWckçúbsaT-
rUbEdlCaTIekIténckçúvíBaØaN eTIbckçúvíBaØaNekIteLIg)an
ebIdUecñHetIGñkNaCaGñkeXIjrUbral;éf¶enH. kalEdlFm’-
BitR)akdtamBit eRBaHmanstirlwk nig eRBaHmanbBaØackçú
enHÉg EdleQμaHfa buKÁlmanRbRktIceRmInstib,dæan .
pøÚvRtecok pøÚvRcmuH pøÚvGNþat pøÚvkay nig pøÚvcitþ
suT§EtsPavFm’ CaFm’Bit CarUbFm’ CanamFm’Etbu:eNÑaH .
eTaHCadågfa CalaP Cays esckþIsresIr karelIktemáIg
k¾minmanCarbs;GVIEdlGñkNaCaGñk)anenaHeLIy . Gt;
laP Gt;ys CaedÍmTaMgGs; minputGMBIelak 6 eTaHCakar
sb,ayrIkrayb¤CaesckþITukçesaksuT§EtCatYFm’Bit . Fm’-
BitTaMgGs;enAkñúgelak 6 KWEPñk Rtecok RcmuH GNþat
kay citþ . karsikSasegátBinitü stirlwkTl;KñanwgesckþI
Bit enHCakarsikSa[sÁal;elakkñúgGriyvín½y k¾eQμaHfa
sÁal;xøÜnÉgpgEdr .

-23-
7- yl;dågFm’Bit
3
ebImin)anyl;dågFm’Bit EdlR)akdpøÚvEPñk Rtecok
RcmuH GNþat kay citþ kñúgxN³enH[)anRtwmRtÚvtam
esckþIBiteT KWminGacbdíbtþiFm’)aneLIy .
minmanGñkNabdíbtþiFm’)aneT ebImin)anyl; min
)andågfa GVICaFm’Bit ehIyFm’BitekItR)akdenATINaeT
enaH . dUecñH cab;epþÍmmunGVI²TaMgGs; KWsikSasþab;[)an
yl;fa bdíbtþiKWGVI . kuM[yl;RcLMfabdíbtþi)anesckþIfaeFVI
k¾ecHEteFVI²eTA [Et)anBaküfaeFVIFm’EdrenaH karGb;rM
ceRmInbBaØaminEmndUecñaHeLIy . kMBugeXIjxN³enH man
sPavFm’R)akdpøÚvEPñk CaFm’EdlmanBit² . xN³B¤man
sMeLg ehIymanGakardågsMeLgeTot Cabrmtß CaFm’
EdlmanBit eFVIkic©eFVInaTIeTotpg . RbsinebI minmanFm’-
BitEdlmanBit²eT etIGVIdågkøin ehIyebIGt;køineT)anGVImk
[FuM dUecñHdågkøinFmμta² EtenHCaFm’EdlmanBit Fm’Ca
brmtßminEmnstV ekItehIyrlt;rlay)at;eTAvíj .

-24-
manEtpøÚvmYyKt; KWsþab;BicarNa[yl;Fm’kñúgxN³
enHÉg dågrsmanBitenAnwgGNþat minEmnenAnwgEPñkb¤
Rtecok b¤k¾enAnwgcugédcugeCÍgGVIeLIy . ekþAR)akdRtg;
kay ekþAmanBit bu:EnþCaeyIgEdrb¤eT ? kuMecHEtBIeyIgRKún
eyIgQW eyIgekþAxøÜnenaH etIekþACatYxøÜneyIgy:agem:ceTA
rlwk[eXIjFm’BiteTAemIl_ . FatuRtCak;R)akdRtg;kay
RtCak;BIeRkAmkkþI RtCak;ekItxagkñúgkþI KWCaFatuRtCak;Bit²
etIxøÜneyIgenAÉNa ? ÉkardågepadæBV³enaH² CanamFm’
mYyEbbbu:eNÑaH dågkñúgpusSnkic© KWkic©b:HBal;ehIyk¾rlt;
eTA . twgj½rR)akdRtg;kay rwgTn;R)akdRtg;kay etIman
eyIgkñúgelakkayenHEdrb¤eT ? elakkayKWCakayb,saT
mansuT§EtsPavFm’Bit elakEPñk elakRtecok elakRcmuH
elakGNþat nig elakcitþ suT§EtsPavFm’Bit CatYbrmtß
Bit eFVIkic©tamPaBénFm’enaH² stVbuKÁltYxøÜnCaGñkeFVIkic©
TaMgenaH minmaneLIy .
ebImindågesckþIBiténFm’Cabrmtß CaRbRktIFmμta KW
vamanEtesckþIsmÁal;fa maneyIg maneK dUecñH bdíbtþiFm’
minekIteLIgeLIyeRBaHminEmneyIgb¤tYxøÜneyIgCaGñkbdíbtþi

-25-
b¤CaGñk[Fm’bdíbtþiekIteLIgenaHeT .
briytþi KWsikSa[yl;lkçN³énsPavFm’CaFm’Bit
EdlmanBit² EdlkMBugR)akdkñúgxN³enH . Fm’Bitkñúg
elak 6 CaRbRktI Gt;RtÚveTAEsVgrkFm’BitkñúgTIdéTNa
eLIy xN³enHk¾manFm’BitkMBugR)akd Fm’GVIk¾)anEdr min
sMxan;enARtg;Fm’enHb¤Fm’enaHeLIy eRscehIyEtFm’Bit
enaHCabrmtßR)akddl;bBaØa . manBuT§bris½TxøHTaMgbBVCít
TaMgRKhsß EsVgrkFm’eTAtamkEnøgepSg² TaMgkñúgRsúk
TaMgeRkARsúk luHdl;)ansikSaRBHFm’yl;GMBIFm’Bit k¾dåg
fa Tan;eBlEdlebIkEPñkPJak;eLIg k¾manFm’BitR)akd rhUt
dl;siglk; sRmanþlk;eTAvíj .
3
bmaTFm’
3
mYyéf¶² mYyCati²knøgeTA rvl;EtnwgxøÜnÉg
xVl;EtCamYynwgGñkdéT l¶g;exøA ggåtCamYynwgFm’Bit
enHCabmaTFm’ .

-26-
8- Fm’BitepSgKñakñúgelak 6
3
enAeBlsiglk; sRmanþlk; sPavelakminR)akd
eLIy minmanGVIR)akdTaMgGs; minmanvífÍcitþ Gt;eXIj Gt;B¤
Gt;dågkøin Gt;dågrs Gt;dågepadæBV³ nig Gt;dågfa xøÜnÉgCa
GñkNa enATINa eBalKWGt;dågGVITaMgGs; . PvgÁcitþ man
xN³ekItehIyrlt; rYceTAekItbnþy:agelOnrh½s mankic©
rkSaPBEdlbdísn§i snμtfaCabuKÁlswglk; b¤sRmanþlk;
edklk; rhUtdl;PJak; eXIjeTot B¤eTot nwkKiteTot
rhUtdl;søab;eTA .
kalEdlmin)anyl; b¤enAminTan;dågfa elakEdl
R)akdpøÚvEPñkenaHCaelakmYyedayELk sPavFm’CaFm’Bit
R)akdkñúgelakRtecokedayELk elakRcmuHedayELk
elakGNþatedayELk elakkayedayELk nig sPavFm’
CaFm’EdlmanBit kñúgelakcitþedayELkeTenaH bdíbtþiFm’
minGacRbRBwtþeTA)aneLIy . karbdíbtþikñúgRBHBuT§sasna
KWenARtg;Edlfa )anyl;RtwmRtÚvcMeBaHlkçN³énsPavFm’

-27-
CaFm’Bit k¾Casgçarkçn§tak;Etg[stifñak;stib,dæanekIt
eLIg ehIybBaØak¾cab;epþÍmBicarNadåglkçN³énsPavFm’
EdlkMBugR)akd RBmTaMgdågc,as;fa Fm’BitEdlmanBit²
enaH RtÚvnwgRBHFm’EdlRBHsmμasm<úT§RTg;Rtas;sEmþgRKb;
Rbkar .
Gs©arüNas;EdlxøÜneyIgmñak; EbreTACaFm’BitR)akd
Caelak 6 epSgKña rkstV rkbuKÁl rkxøÜneyIgkñúgelak 6
minmaneLIy .
eRBaHehtudUecñaH mund¿bUgbMput RtÚvkuMTan;eTAeFVIFm’
bdíbtþiFm’GVITaMgGs;RtÚvyl;lkçN³énsPavFm’EdlCaFm’-
Bit R)akdpøÚvEPñk Rtecok RcmuH GNþat kay citþ Camun
sin eRBaHxN³bdíbtþienaHminEmnCaeyIgeLIy KWCasPav-
Fm’mYyEbb² dUcCastiCasPavFm’mü:ag bBaØaCasPavFm’
mü:ageTot rIÉvÍriy³k¾CasPavFm’mü:agepSgeTotEdr . kñúg
xN³bdíbtþienaH mansPavFm’eRcIny:agekItrYmKña kalebI
mindåg k¾KitfaeyIgCaGñkbdíbtþi bu:EnþtamBit KWCasPavFm’
EdlmansPaBy:agenaHÉg ekIteLIgbdíbtþikic©énFm’enaH²
erog²xøÜn . xN³enHcitþkMBugbdíbtþikic©rbs;citþ KWeXIj

-28-
CaedÍm xN³EdleXIjenHÉg CacitþEdlekIteLIgeFVIkic©
eXIj ehAfa ckçúvíBaØaN . ehAcitþfavíBaØaNk¾)an bu:Enþ
eRBaHcitþmaneRcInEbbeRcIny:ag dUcCacitþeXIjRtÚvGaRs½y
EPñkCabc©½y eTIbekIteLIgeFVIkic©eXIjeTA)an dUecñHeTIb
ehAcitþenHfackçúvíBaØaN .
RtÚvyl;nUvsPavFm’TaMgGs;enHCamun eTIbGacdåg
)anfa sPavFm’EdlCatYyl;RtwmRtÚvenHÉg Casgçarkçn§
EdlnwgeFVI[ekItsPavFm’CatYyl;enH ekIteLIg ceRmIn
eLIgEfmeTot . kalEdl)ansþab;ehIyBicarNasPavFm’
EdlekIteLIg edaybBaØad¾RbéBeRcIneLIg² rhUtTal;Et
manstirlwk)an dUcCakMBugeXIjCaRbRktIFmμta k¾rlwkdåg
fa sPav³eXIjKWCasPav³dågGarmμN_ CacitþminEmneyIg
CabrmtßEdlmanBitR)akd minEmnGt;mansPav³GVIesaH
manEteyIgCaGñkeXIjenaHeT tamBit eyIghñwgehIyEdl
Gt;man EtkareXIjCasPav³mYyEbb Casc©Fm’ .
3

-29-
9- eroWgkñúgelakénKMnit
3
enAeBldågerOgGVImYy ePøcrlwkdågkarBit enHCakar
ePøcrbs;Gñksþab;Fm’ bdíbtþiFm’ minEmnCakarePøcénGñkmin
)ansþab;Fm’enaHeT eRBaHfa buKÁlEdlmin)ansþab;Fm’ KW
minyl;BIFm’BiteLIy .
GñkEdlsþab;Fm’ yl;Fm’ehIy EtenAEtePøc eRBaH
karePøcenH CaFm’BitmYyEbb Edlmanbc©½y[ekIteLIg .
karsþab;RBHFm’GMBIkarBiterOy² RBmedaykuslFm’epSg²
eTot rEmgCYyCa]bkar³[manstirlwkdågdl;karBit .
karBitCaGarmμN_énesckþIsuxcitþ .
kñúgerOgGVIk¾mankarBitEdr karBitKWCasc©Fm’Edlman
bc©½y[ekItkñúgelak 6 elakNamYy manelakEPñk
CaedÍm . enHKWCaFm’l¥itl¥n; EdlRBHd¾manRBHPaKRTg;
Rtas;sEmþg sUm,IRKan;EtkareXIjrUb EdlRKb;Kñamanral;
éf¶ bu:EnþedayeRcInKWminFøab;)anBicarNa[dågesckþIBitén
sPavFm’eLIy rhUtdl;)at;bg;CÍvíteTA . cMeBaHkareXIj

-30-
enH RtÚvepþÍmBicarNa[yl;c,as;tamBitfa eXIjmanBit
ÉcMENkelakEdlRtÚveXIjKWrU)armμN_ k¾manBitEdr .
sPavFm’CaFm’Bit EdlkMBugR)akdkñúgxN³enH Esn
lM)aknwgdågkarBitfa minEmnCastVbuKÁltYxøÜn eRBaHehtu
EtkarsmÁal;xus Føab;manGs;kald¾yUrNas;mkehIy .
rU)armμN_EdlCaGarmμN_énckçúvíBaØaN RKb;eBlevla
TaMgGs; minxusBIrUbftb¤rUbkñúgTUrTsSn_eLIy KWCaelak
mYyedayELkEtÉg CasPavFm’mü:agEdlmanBit Cabrmtß
minEmnstV minEmnvtßúGVITaMgGs; . rU)armμN_Caelakkñúg
Griyvín½y minEmnCaTIkEnøgpÞHsMEbgPUmiRsúkRbeTsnKr b¤
EpndÍéRBPñMGVI²EdlCaerOgkñúgelakénKMnitenaHeLIy bBaØa
EckcitþeXIj edayELkBIcitþKitkñúgmenaTVar kMNt;dågnUv
sPavFm’EdlCabrmtßmanBitkñúgelak .
Tan;eBlEdlB¤sMeLg k¾nwkKitdl;sMeLgGVI² man
esckþIfadUcemþc . bBaØakMNt;dågsMeLgCaFm’EdlmanBit
R)akdRtg;esatb,saT sMeLgminEmnCaerOgGVITaMgGs;
erOgGVI² eRscehIyEtcitþKit . eBlxøHeyIgxwgnwgerOg
dUcCa kUnecAeFVIsMeLgxøaMg² rksRmanþmin)an TaMgEdl

-31-
eBlenaHk¾manFm’BitkMBugR)akdEdreRBaHfaebIminmanFm’-
BiteT )anGVIB¤ EtenHeTACaxwgeRkaFkñúgerOg edaye)aHbg;
Fm’Bitecal eRBaHminmanstirlwkdågsPav³EdlmanBit .
cUrkuMePøcfa B¤sMeLgGVIk¾eday eBlNak¾eday KWcitþB¤CaFm’
EdlmanBit eFVIkic©C¿nYseyIgkñúgelak dUecñH eBlEdl
sRmanþminlk; )an»kassikSaFm’Bit rMedaHxøÜnecjcak
elak .
kuMePøcfa rbs;EdlmanBitenaH KWmanRtwmEtCa
Fm’Bit CasPav³epSg²KñakñúgTVarTaMg 6 ÉerOgkñúgelakén
KMnit minEmnCasPav³EdlmanBitenaHeT RKan;EtCaerOg
eTAtamkarcaM nig eTAtamkarKitbu:eNÑaH .
3
dUcXμú¿eRkbpáa
3
stib,dæanb,díbtþi rs;enACamYyFm’Bit eRkbyk
rsCatiénFm’Bit dUcCaXμúMeRkbpáa Ék,alTwkXμúMd¾Ep¥m
CaeQμaHénGriymKÁ .

-32-
10- RBHniBVanmankñúgTICít
3
kñúgbidkelx 54 / TMB½r 261 RBHd¾manRBHPaKRTg;
Rtas;fa mñalPikçúTaMgLay GarmμN_TaMg 6 Rbkar man
rU)armμN_CaedÍmNa EdlelakRBmTaMgeTvelak marelak
RBhμelak BBYkstV RBmTaMgsmNRBahμN_ TaMgmnusS
CasmμtieTB nig mnusSd¾ess BinitüeXIjfa enHCasux É
GarmμN_enaH RBHGriy³TaMgLay eXIjc,as;edaybBaØad¾
RbéBtamBitfa enHCaTukçeTAvíj enHCaGnubsSnaTI 1 .
mñalPikçúTaMgLay RBHniBVanNaEdlelakRBmTaMg
eTvelak marelak RBhμelak BBYkstV RBmTaMgsmN-
RBahμN_ TaMgmnusSCasmμtieTB nig mnusSd¾ess Binitü
eXIjfa enHCaTukç ÉRBHniBVanenaH RBHGriy³TaMgLay
eXIjc,as;edaybBaØad¾RbéBtamBitfa enHCasux enHCa
GnubsSna TI 2 .
mñalPikçúTaMgLay PikçúGñkBicarNaeXIjerOy² nUv
sPavFm’EdlCaKUKña edayRbéBy:agenHehIy CaGñkmin
RbmaT manBüayamCaeRKÓgdutkiels mancitþbBa¢ÚneTA

-33-
kan;RBHniBVan bNþaplTaMgBIr plNamYynwgekItR)akd KW
nwg)annUvGrhtþplkñúgbc©úb,nñ b¤mYyebIxn§d¾essEdlKb,I
ekItteTAeTot enAman nwg)andl;nUvGnaKamipl . RBHd¾-
manRBHPaK RTg;Rtas;BaküenH luHRBHsuKtCaRBHbrm-
sasþaRTg;Rtas;BaküenHehIy eTIbRTg;Rtas;KafaB½n§ teTA
eTotfa
rUb sMeLg køin rs smösS FmμarmμN_ TaMgGs; CaTI
R)afña CaTIRsLaj;nigCaTIeBjcitþ elakeBalfa manenA
drabNa GarmμN_TaMgenaH stVelakRBmTaMgeTvelak
snμtfaCasux drabenaH . GarmμN_TaMgenaH Etgrlt;eTA
kñúgRBHniBVanNa RBHniBVanenaH BYkstVelakTaMgenaH snμt
faCaTukçeTAvíj .
karrlt;nUvskáayKWbBa©kçn§RBHGriy³TaMgLay eXIj
faCasuxBit kareXIjrbs;RBHGriy³EdlCabNÐit dUecñH
rEmgCaTMnas;nwgstVelakTaMgBYg .
BYkCndéT eBalnUvvtßúkamNafaCasux RBHGriy³
TaMgLay eBalnUvvtßúkamenaHfaCaTukç .

-34-
BYkCndéT eBalnUvRBHniBVanNafaCaTukç RBHGriy³
TaMgLay dågc,as;nUvRBHniBVanenaH faCasux GñkcUr
BicarNaemIlFm’KWRBHniBVan Edldåg)anedayRk EdlCn
BalTaMgLayCaGñkmindåg vegVgehIykñúgelakenH .
esckþIggåteFVInUvPaBxVak; EtgR)akddl;BYkCnBal
EdlCaGñkRtÚvGvíC¢abiT)aMg emIlmineXIjnUvRBHniBVan Edl
RBHniBVandUcCaBnøW rEmgebIkbgðajdl;BYksb,úrs EdlCa
GñkmanbBaØackçú .
BYkCnGñkEsVgrk minQøasévkñúgFm’ rEmgmindåg
c,as;nUvRBHniBVan sUm,ImankñúgTICíteLIy .
RBHniBVanenH BYkCnBalEdlmanPvraK³RKbsgát;
ehIy kMBugGenÞaleTAtamExStNða Rtac;eTAkñúgPB ekIt
ehIykñúgkEnøgénmar mingaynwgRtas;dåg)aneLIy .
nrNahñ+ EdlevórElgRBHGriy³ecjehIy
GacRtas;dågnUvRBHniBVan)an RBHGrhnþTaMgLay minman
GasvFm’ briniBVanehIy eRBaH)anRtas;dågedayRbéB nUv
RBHniBVan .
3

-35-
11- RBHniBVanmankñúgTICít ¬t¦
3
RBHniBVanmankñúgTICít b¤ q¶ay ? RBHniBVanmankñúgTI
Cít / kñúgTVytanubsSnasURtsEmþgfaCít KWCíttamRBHBuT§-
dÍka b:uEnþfa RBHniBVanCítsRmab;buKÁlNa q¶aysRmab;
buKÁlNa enHCaFm’l¥it .
Edlfa RBHniBVanmankñúgTICítenaH etILÚvenH RBH-
niBVanenATINa ? KWenAkñúgTIenHÉg . kMBugEtenATIenH
eXIjrUb B¤sMeLg FMukøinCaedÍm etICítb¤q¶ay ? minEmnCa
sPavFm’mSilmij ehIyk¾minEmnCasPavFm’kñúgéf¶Es¥kEdr
KWkMBugR)akdkñúgxN³enH dUecñH minGaceBalfaq¶ay)an
eLIy . stirlwksikSanUvlkçN³rbs;namFm’ nig rUbFm’
mYyRbePT² mYylkçN³² kñúgelak 6 elakNamYy . kic©
bdíbtþiGb;rMrhUtdl;bBaØaceRmIneLIg dågc,as;nUvlkçN³én
namrUb EdlkMBugR)akdkñúgTId¾CítbMput eRBaHkMBugR)akdkñúg
xN³enH tamesckþIBit CasPav³EdlmanBit ehIyk¾rEmg
lHbg;nUvPaBggåtRBmedayesckþIRbkan; rhUtdl;)anRb-

-36-
ckSnUvlkçN³énRBHniBVan EdlCaTIGs;eTAénTukçTaMgBYg .
kalNaebImanFm’bdíbtþiGb;rMceRmInbBaØadUecñH RBH-
niBVanKWenAminq¶ayeLIy eRBaHRBHniBVanminEmnenAelIemX
minEmnenAkñúgéRBPñM ÉNa² EdlnwgRtÚveFVId¿eNIreTArkenaH
eT KWRBHniBVan zítenAelIkareXIjc,as;nUvlkçN³énsPav-
Fm’EdlmanBit² R)akd[eXIjBit²CaTukçsc© ÉkarGs;eTA
énTukçKWRBHniBVan .
karsþab; karsikSanUvRBHFm’ RBHvín½y EdlRBHd¾-
manRBHPaKRTg;Rtas;sEmþgTuk rwtEteRcInb:unNa KÅrwtEt
CaRbeyaCn_bu:eNÑaH eRBaHedayRBHhb£T½yGnueRKaH [Gñk
sþab;yl;GMBIFm’Bit. bBaØaEdlCakaryl;RtwmRtÚvenaH man
eRcInlMdab;fñak; ebIRtwmEtfñak;sþab; hak;dUcCaCak;c,as;
ehIy Etdl;manstiekIteLIg eTIbRCabfa CakarlM)akd¾
éRkElg kñúgkardågc,as;nUvlkçN³énFm’Bit .
sPavFm’CaFm’Bit CaFmμta CaFmμCati CaRbRktI
suT§² bu:Enþ buKÁlGñkBüayameFVIvíbsSna k¾mankarerobcM
cat;Ecg eTAÉeNHeTAÉeNaH KRKwkKeRKg b¤Tal;EtenA
mñak;Ég edÍm,IBüayamdågrUbdågnamdéTBIRbRktI . kar

-37-
ceRmInstib,dæan RtÚvEtCaRbRktIFmμta eRBaHFm’TaMgLay
ekIteLIgedaysarmanehtu suT§EtCasPav³manBit CarUb
Canam RKan;Etfa mñak;²mindUcKña mkGMBIsnSMehtuenaH²
epSgKña CaRKhsß CabBVCít manvíharFm’enAmñak;Ég enA
TIs¶at; .l. bu:Enþ GVIEdlCaGarmμN_énesckþIs¶b;citþ rlt;
karRbkan; KWrbs;EdlmanBit CaFm’Bitkñúgelak 6 enHCa
pøÚvEtmYykñúgd¿eNIrecjcakelak .
karBüayameFVIGVI²[dUcKña kñúgkareFVIFm’ enHminEmn
CabdíbtþiFm’eT . xMeFVItambuKÁlenH buKÁlenaH eRBaHmin
yl;Fm’BitkñúgxøÜnÉg EdlFm’BitenH minEmnCatYxøÜneyIg
ehIyeRsc .
RKb;GgÁRKb;Kña TaMgmnusSTaMgstV TaMgeTvtanÞRBhμ
suT§EtmanFm’BitkñúgCÍvítrbs;xøÜn bu:EnþxVHkarGb;rMnUvbBaØa
eTIbminsÁal;tamBitnUvFm’Bit . eRBaHminsÁal;nUvFm’BitenH
Ég eTIbstVelakmanesckþIlM)aksBVEbbsBVy:ag .
karGb;rMceRmInstivíbsSna KWGb;rMTal;EtC¿naj
sÁal;Fm’Bitc,as; kMNt;)an dågfaCaTukçsc© ÉkarGs;Tukç
eRBaHGs;ehtu KWCaTukçnieraF )andl;RBHniBVanEdlmanBit

-38-
Cabrmtß minmansmuTy³ minmanTukç CaGsgçtFatu man
kñúgTICít dUcCaBnøWPøWsVagsRmab;Gñkmanckçú .
eRBaHesatabtþimKÁekIteLIg k¾mankarrlt;PB KW
kmμPB nig ]bbtþiPB elIkElg 7 PBecj . karrlt;eTA
énPBenHÉg KWCaRBHniBVan ÉcMENk 7 PB KWCasgçarelak
CaTukç RbRBwtþeTAeRBaHmanbc©½y .
bBaØa eXIjkarekIteLIgénsgçarelak nig eXIjkar
Gs;eTAénsgçarelak tamBit . sgçarelak RbRBwtþeTAtam
bc©½y ÉkarGs;eTAénsgçarelak eRBaHGs;bc©½y . bBaØa
enH eQμaHfa Rtas;dågnUvcturariysc© .
eyIgminGaceBalfa eRBaHmanTukç eTIbmankarrlt;
Tukç KWRBHniBVan dUecñHeLIy eRBaHRBHniBVanminEmnCaTukç
Edlrlt;eTACa GtIta Fmμa enaHeT . RBHniBVanKWrlt;Tukç
edayehtuGriymKÁlHtNða dUecñH RBHniBVanCaGsgçtFatu
EdlmanGriymKÁTaMg 4 Caehtu .
3

-39-
½
12- eRkammøb;énRBHFm’
3
RBHnaKsmal³ ceRmInvyehIyk¾mansT§abYskñúg
RBHsasna elakFøab;CaPikçú]bdæakRBHbrmsasþakñúgbzm-
eBaFikalpgEdr. éf¶mYy elakcUleTAbiNÐ)atkñúgRBHnKr
RtÜtemIlfñl;edÍm,IkarBarGnþray k¾)aneXIjRsIr)aMmñak;
Rbdab;tak;Etgragkay nig kMBugEtraMeTAtamcgVak;ePøg .
RBHefr³)aneXIjkarekIt nig karrlt;eTAénsgçar EdlKYr
Gs©arü sgçarTaMgBYgmineTog vaeyaFatuEdleFVI[víciRtenH
rEmgpøas;bþÚrnUvkrCkay[eTACaRbkarenaH² edayGMNac
énkarpSayeTAénvaeyaFatuhñwgÉg . RBHefr³)anseRmc
RBHGrhtþ eRBaHkmøaMgénvíbsSnaenAnwgpøÚvkñúgd¿eNIrnimnþ
biNÐ)atenaH .
eRkaymk RBHnaKsmal³ elak)aneBalKafa
bBa¢ak;BIkarbdíbtþirbs;elak EdlnaM[elakrYcputcakTukç
man 4 Kafa ³
RsIr)aMmñak; manxøÜns¥its¥agehIy mansMBt;esøókl¥

-40-
RTRTg;páakRmg eR)aHRBMedayxøwmcnÞn_ raMtamePøgenAnwg
kNþalpøÚvFM . GatμaGjkMBugedÍrcUleTAkan;RkúgedÍm,IbiNÐ-
)at )anRkeLkemIleTAeXIjRsIr)aMenaH EdlmanxøÜns¥it-
s¥agehIy mansMBt;esøókl¥ hak;dUcCaGnÞak;énmc©ú Edl
mc©úd¿eLIgehIy . lMdab;enaH kareFVITukkñúgcitþeday])ay
naM[ekItbBaØa k¾ekIteLIgdl;GatμaGj GaTInvKWeTas)an
R)akddl;bBaØa niBViTajaNKWbBaØaenOyNaykñúgsgçar
TaMgBYg k¾taMgenARBm . citþrbs;GatμaGj k¾rYcRsLHcak
kiels eRBaHvíbsSnajaNenaH GñkcUremIlnUvsPaBénFm’
EdlCaFm’l¥ víC¢a 3 GatμaGj)andl;edaylMdab;ehIy
sasnaénRBHBuT§ GatμaGj)aneFVIehIy .
minEmnfa RBHnaKsmal³ eXIjehIy elakmindåg
GVIenaHeLIy elakeXIjfaCaRsIr)aMmñak; ehIyeXIjfaRsI
enaHmanxøÜns¥its¥ag mansMBt;esøókl¥ RTRTg;páakRmg
eR)aHRBMedayxøwmcnÞn_ raMtamePøgenAnwgkNþalpøÚvFM . RBH-
efr³elakdågerOgCaFmμta bu:EnþenAeBldågerOgGVI²k¾eday
ebIminmansPavFm’CaFm’BiteT )anGVIdågerOgKWmancitþeXIj
rU)armμN_ ehIymancitþKit mancitþB¤ehIymancitþKit .l.

-41-
enHsuT§EtCaGarmμN_énRBHkmμdæan TaMgkñúgRsIr)aMenaH k¾
KμanGVIeRkAGMBIcitþ ectsik rUb .
RBHnaKsmal³ elakBicarNanam nigrUbRKb;Rbkar
sgçarFm’TaMgGs; taMgEtBIekItdl;søab; minfaxN³NaCa
xN³Na mankarekItehIyrlt;eTA. enAeBlEdlRBHefr³
eXIjRsIr)aMenaH elakeXIjhak;dUcCaGnÞak;énmc©úraCEdl
)andak;d¿eLIgehIyCaGnÞak;EdlstVelakdåg)anedayRk.
C¿nYskareBjcitþ rIkrayeRtkRtGal stib,dæanEdlRBH-
efr³)anGb;rMceRmInerOy²mk BicarNadåglkçN³énbrmtß
CaFm’EdlmanBit dUecñHbBaØaeTIbeXIjGnÞak;kñúgvdþsgSar
EdlCaGnÞak;énmc©úraC .
RBHefr³)aneBalfa GñkcUremIlnUvsPaBénFm’ Edl
CaFm’l¥ ¬bsS FmμsuFmμtM ¦ KWstib,dæan kalEdlbuKÁl
)anGb;rMceRmInehIy k¾CaFm’d¾Esnl¥éRkElg eRBaHmin
cMeBaHfaeBlEdlCYbRbsBVerOgGVI²eLIyKWFm’Bit)anR)akd
CaGarmμN_[eXIjc,as; [s¶b; [suxcitþ minRtÚvkarrbs;GVI
eTot enOyNaynwgrbs;TaMgBYg eRBaHGaTInvKWeTas)an
R)akddl;bBaØa .

-42-
Fm’Bit manRKb;TVarTaMg 6 stVelakTaMgGs;suT§Et
manFm’Bit bu:Enþ Tal;Etmanstib,dæan eTIbGuCRbTIbbBaØa
eXIjFm’BitenaH² RKb;eBlevla suT§EtCaFm’Bit Ca
GarmμN_énkarsikSa .
3
elaks¶at;sUnücakstV
3
elaksUnücakstVbuKÁlGñkrs;enA TaMgelak
EdlCatYFm’Bit k¾rlt;)at;eTAedayxøÜnÉg .
minEmnsMxan;enARtg;eyIg)anGVI²kñúgelakenHeT
eRBaHebIeyIgsmÁal;fa eyIg)anGVI manGVI enAkñúgelak
enH KWeQμaHfaCab;cMNgrbs;mc©úraC . esckþIsMxan;KW
sikSaFm’Bit EdlkMBugman kMBugR)akd CaRbRktI man
esckþIs¶b;RbNIt eRBaHminxVl;nwgGVIfaCatYxøÜnÉg .
3

-43-
13- eRkammøb;sMBt;kasav³
3
enAkñúgFmμbTdækfa RBahμNvKÁ mansEmþgGMBId¿eNIr
CÍvítrbs;kulbuRtmYyrUb eQμaH sunÞrsmuTÞkumar ekItkñúg
RtkUlesdæÍRkúgsavtßImansm,tþi 40 ekadí .
éf¶mYy sunÞrsmuTÞkumarmanesckþIRCHføaeTAvtþsþab;
Fm’CamYynwgmhaCn . RBHbrmsasþaRTg;RCabGFüaRs½y
rbs;eK eTIbRBHGgÁRTg;Rtas;sEmþg[eKmansT§akñúgpñÜs .
sunÞrsmuTÞkumar RbwgERbgxøaMgNas; TRmaMEtmatabita
GnuBaØat[bYs rebobdUckulbuRteQμaHrdæ)al dUecñaHEdr .
kalEdl)anbYsehIy minCab;C¿Bak;nwgRtkUl min
Cab;C¿Bak;nwgTIkEnøg elak)anecjBIRkúgsavtßIeTAkan;Rkúg
raCRKwH RbRBwtþbiNÐ)at júaMgkal[knøgeTAedaykarrs;
enAeRkammøb;kasavB®sþ .
eRkaymk éf¶mYy matabitarbs;RBHsunÞrsmuTÞetßr³
enaH )aneXIjRbús²EdlFøab;Camitþsmøaj;rbs;kUn kMBug
EtrIkrayedaykamKuNkñúgKMnrénRTBüsm,tþi kñúgéf¶meha-

-44-
RsB k¾nwkrlwkdl;kUn R)afña[kUnsb,aydUceKEdr . kal
enaH manRsIesaPinImñak;eTAkan;RtkUlenaH eXIjmatarbs;
sunÞrsmuTÞetßr³kMBugGgÁúyyM k¾)ansaksYr ³
esaPinI ³ Em: ehtuGVI)anCaEm:yM ?
mata ³ eyIgKitdl;kUn )anCaeyIgyM .
esaPinI ³ cuHkUnEm: eTANa ?
mata ³ bYskñúgsmñak;PikçúTaMgLay .
esaPinI ³ ebI[elakswkmkvíj minKYrb¤ ?
mata ³ KYr bu:Enþelakmincg;swk elakecjBIsavtßI
enHeTAkan;RkúgraCRKwHehIy .
esaPinI ³ ebInag´eFVI[elakswk)an etIEm:[GVI´ ?
mata ³ BYkeyIgnwg[nag)anCam©as;énkMNb;RTBü
kñúgRtkUlenH .
esaPinI ³ ebIdUecñaH sUmEm:[R)ak;mYycMnYndl;nag´
edÍm,Icat;EcgkñúgerOgenH .
nagesaPinI )aneTAkan;RkúgraCRKwH RBmedaybrivard¾
eRcIn kMNt;pøÚvbiNÐ)aténRBHefr³ehIy CYlR)asaT 7Can;

-45-
CaTIsmñak;kñúgTIenaH erobcMGaharRbNItTuktaMgBIRBlwm
ehIyRbeKndl;RBHefr³EdlnimnþbiNÐ)at . BIrbIéf¶eRkay
mk )annimnþRBHefr³[qan;enAnwgR)asaTEtmþg . nag)an
eFVIl,ic[ekμgmkelgdÍ ehIyERskelgxøaMg² hammin
sþab; edÍm,I)ankic©nimnþelakeLIgeTACan;elIbMput. RBHefr³
sUm,ICaPikçúEdlRbRBwtþbiNÐ)atCavtþy:ag]Rkidæ k¾RtÚvCab;
C¿Bak;nwgrsénGahar RtÚvrstNðaRKbsgát; eTIbRBmeLIg
eTAelIR)asaTCan;TI 7 tamBakürbs;nag .
nagesaPinI )aneRbImayarbs;xøÜnCa®sþI edayBakü
smþI edayGakb,kiriyasBVRKb; nagtak;EtgxøÜnR)aN s¥at
edaysemøókbMBak; s¥its¥agedaykRmgpáa maneCÍglab
nig dusxat;edayTwkl½kþ Bak;Es,keCÍgmas . luHedaH
Es,keCÍgecjehIy k¾eFVIGBa¢lIcMeBaHmux ehIyeBalvaca
Eccg; edaysmþId¾Tn;BIeraHdUecñHfa ³ elakenAkMelaHehIy
bYsy:agenHsUmelakeCOBakürbs;nag´m©as;cuH sUmelak
briePaKkamCarbs;mnusSsin ´RBHkruNa nwgRbKl;nUv
sm,tþid¾CaTIeBjcitþdl;elak . ebIelakmineCO ´sUms,f
muxePøIg ´RBHkruNa niyaynUvBaküBit kalNaeyIg

-46-
TaMgBIrnak; CamnusScas;kan;eQIRct;ehIy eyIgnwgbYs
TaMgGs;Kña dUecñaHeyIgnwgkan;yk)annUvC½yCmñHkñúgelak
TaMgBIr .
RKaenaH esckþIsegVK)anekIteLIgdl;RBHefr³fa ³
»hñ+ ¡ GMeBIEdleyIgeFVIehIyedaymin)anBicarNa enHCa
kmμd¾F¶n; .
kñúgxN³enaH RBHbrmsasþa RTg;Kg;Rbfab;enARBH-
eCtBn 45 eyaCn_BIRkúgraCRKwH RTg;R)arB§erOgenaH ehIy
RTg;RBHjjwm[R)akd . kalEdlRBHGannÞRkabTUlsYr
RBHGgÁRTg;Rtas;fa s®gÁamekItmandl;sunÞrsmuTÞPikçúCamYy
nwgnagesaPinI enAelIR)asaTCan;TI 7 naRkúgraCRKwH .
RBHGannÞRkabTUlsYrCabnþfa nrNaQñHRBHGgÁ ? RBHGgÁ
Rtas;fa buRtrbs;tfaKtCaGñkQñH . RBHd¾manRBHPaK
RTg;Kg;enAnaRBHeCtBnmhavíharenaHÉg RTg;pSayRBH-
rsμIeTA ehIyRtas;fa ³ mñalPikçú GñkcUrGs;Gal½y cUrlHnUv
kamTaMgBIrecj rYcRtas;nUvRBHKafa ³
eyaF kaem bhnþan GnaKaera briBVeC
kamPvbrikçINM tmhM RBÚmi RBahμNM .
V

-47-
buKÁlNa lHkamTaMgLaykñúgelakenHehIy Ca
buKÁlminmanpÞH eKcecjcakkam)an tfaKtehAbuKÁl
enaH EdlCaGñkmankamGs;ehIy nig CaGñkmanPBGs;
ehIy faCaRBahμN_ .
kalcb;RBHFm’eTsna RBHefr³seRmcRBHGrhtþ
RBmedayb£T§i elakehaHecjGMBIR)asaT mkfVaybgÁ¿
RBHbrmsasþa .
3
TukçkgVl;eRBaHcg;[xøÜnÉgRKan;ebI
3
Kitcg;[xøÜnÉgRKan;ebI RbesIry:agenH RbesIr
y:agenaH eRBaHminmanstirlwkdågFm’Bit EdlkMBug
R)akd . cMNg;enHvaCaTukçkgVl; Caemrvl; naM[man
TukçRBÜy .
3

-48-
14- ]bnisS½ykñúgpñÜs møb;Fm’vin½y
3
RBHnag suPakmμarFItaefrÍ )aneBalCamYynwgBYkjati
EdlmkbbYl[RBHnagswkcaksikçabT fa ³
GñkTaMgLayCajatirbs;eyIg dUcemþc)anCamkeFVI
dUcCasRtÚveTAvíj bbYleyIg[rIkrayenAkñúgkamTaMgLay
TaMgEdlGñkTaMgLay )andågfaeyIgCaGñkbYs Ca®sþIeXIj
P½ykñúgkamTaMgLay . Gasv³TaMgLayminEmnGs;eTA
eRBaHmasnigR)ak;eT kamTaMgLayminEmnCamitþeLIy Ca
sPav³smøab;nUvRbeyaCn_ CasRtÚv CaRBÜjsrEdledatmut
Cab;enA .
RBHefrÍdas;etOnBBYkjati eRBaHfajatiKb,Iman
bMNgl¥dl;Kña TMnukbRmúgKña CYyKña minEmnEtRTBüsm,tþi
bu:eNÑaHeT KWKb,ICYyTMnukbRmúgKñatampøÚvRBHFm’eTotpg
edÍm,ICaRbeyaCn_dl;karrYcputcakTukçepSg²)an . bu:Enþ
cMeBaHRBHnagsuPakmμarefrÍ RBHnagmannUv]bnisS½yx<s;
)ancUlkan;pñÜs kñúgkalEdlRBHsmμasm<úT§Kg;RBHCnμenA

-49-
dUecñH BBYkjatiminKb,IykRTBüsm,tþimklYgelamRBHnag
enaHeT eTaHCamancitþesμaHRtg; EtenHCaesckþIl¶g; eTIb
RBHnageBalfa eFVIdUcCasRtÚv .
RBHefrÍGgÁenH )anbMeBj)armImkkñúgsasnaRBHBuT§
GgÁmun² sagsnSMbuNükuslCa]bnisS½yénRBHniBVankñúg
PBenaH² . kñúgCatienH nagekItCaFItaénCagmaskñúgRkúg
raCRKwH eRBaHGaRs½yrUbsm,tþinagRss;s¥at eTIb)aneQμaH
fa suPa . nagFMdågkþICalMdab; ehIynagmanesckþIRCHføa
nwgRBHsasþa kñúgkalEdlRBHGgÁRTg;yagcUlRkúgraCRKwH
Cad¿bUg . éf¶mYy nagcUleTAfVaybgÁ¿RBHbrmsasþa
RBHGgÁRTg;RCabnagman®nÞiycas;køa eTIbRTg;Rtas;sEmþg
Griysc© 4 d¾smKYrdl;GFüaRs½y Tan;eBlenaHÉg nag
k¾taMgenAkñúgesatabtþipl Rbdab;edayn½ymYyBan; .
eRkaymknageXIjeTaskñúgXravasvís½y k¾bYskñúgsmñak;
RBHnagbCabtieKatmI taMgenAkñúgsIlPikçúnI RbkberOy²
edayPavnaedÍm,IGriymKÁCan;elI . BYkjatinaMKñacUleTArk
RBHnagRKb;evla RbkasGMBIRTBüsm,tþicMnYneRcIn nig
lYgelamedaykamTaMgLay .

-50-
kñúgbidkelx 57 TMB½r 206 RBHnag)aneBalfa
kalBIedÍm énARkmuM maneRKÓgesøókBak;d¾s¥at tak;Etg
xøÜnR)aN )ansþab;Fm’kñúgsmñak;RBHsasþa karRtas;dåg
sc©Fm’)anekItmandl;´ EdlCaRsIminRbmaT . eRBaHkar
Rtas;dågnUvsc©Fm’enaHÉg eTIb´minsUvCamanesckþIeRtk-
GrkñúgkamarmμN_eLIy éXIjP½ykñúgskáayKW])aTankçn§ 5
ehIyeBjcitþnwgkarsagpñÜsEtmü:ag .
´lHbg;BYkjati Taskmμkr RsúkERsTaMgLayd¾
sþúksþmÖ nig KMnrénRTBüTaMgLay EdlKYr[eRtkGrrIkray
´lHbg;sm,tþid¾eRcInehIybYs . écjcakpÞHedaysT§a
y:agenHehIy bYskñúgRBHsT§mμEdlRBHsmμasm<úT§ Rtas;
sEmþgehIyedayRbéB ´R)afñanUvkarminmankgVl; Ékar
RtLb;mkrkkamvíjenaH minsmKYrdl;éT . R)ak;kþI maskþI
rbs;buKÁlenaH² minEmnmanedÍm,IRBHniBVanCaTIs¶b;enaH
eLIy . karTTYlmasR)ak; minsmKYrdl;smN³ eRBaH
masR)ak;minEmnCaRTBüd¾RbesIreT . karTTYlmasR)ak;
suT§EtCaeRKÓg[ekItelaP³ CaeRKÓgRsvåg CaeRKÓgvegVg
CaeRKÓgB½n§B½T§edayFUlIKWkiels RbkbedayesckþIregáós

-51-
mankarceg¥ótcg¥l;eRcIn ÉPaBeTogTat;zítefrkñúgRTBüenH
minmaneT . BYknrCnEdleRtkGrnwgRTBü eQμaHfaCaGñk
RbmaT CaGñkmancitþesAhμg ekItCasRtÚvnwgKña rEmgeFVI
nUvCemøaHCaeRcIneTAvíjeTAmk . esckþIvínaseRcInRbkar KW
karsmøab; karcg karesAhμg TaMgesckþIesak xSwkxSÜl
rEmgekItR)akddl;BYkCnEdledkRtaMkñúgkam TaMgLay .
RBHKafarbs;RBHnag suPakmμarFItaefrÍ enAmanbnþ
eTot . RBHnagman®nÞiycas;køa minfakMBugeXIj kMBugB¤
b¤kMBugKit suT§EtCaFm’BitR)akddl;bBaØarbs;RBHnag .
kñúgelakenH minmankar)anGVI[RbesIrdUcCakar)andågnUv
Fm’BitenaHeLIy . RBHefrÍ)aneBalBaküCasuPasit [Gñk
déT)andågBIGFüaRs½y EdlRBHnag)ansnSMGb;rMmk Cakar
sEmþg[eXIjfa GVI²KWCaesckþIBiteTAtambc©½y KWminEmn
ecHEtTamTar)aneT pÞúymkvíj ebI)andågFm’BitKWminman
karTamTarGVITaMgGs; eRBaHesckþIBitCaGarmμN_énkarrlt;
tNða .
3

-52-
15- ]bnisS½ykñúgpñÜs møb;Fm’vin½y ¬t¦
3
RBHnagsuPakmμarFItaefrÍ )aneBalBaküCasuPasit
bBa¢ak;GMBIvíharFm’rbs;RBHnag nig eBalGMBIeTasrbs;
kamTaMgLayd¾eRcIn manCaGaT×KW
du¿)aytamlMdab;pÞH )anmkedaykarnimnþbiNÐkþI cIvr
bgSúkUl nig brikçarEdlCaTIGaRs½yénGñkbYskþI bu:eNÑHCa
karsmrmüsRmab;GatμaPaBEdlCaGñkminmanpÞH . elak
GñkEsVgrknUvKuNd¾FMTaMgLay )anx¢ak;ecalnUvkamTaMg-
Lay TaMgEdlCakamrbs;mnusS TaMgEdlCarbs;TiBV
elakTaMgenaH mancitþ»neTAkñúgRBHniBVand¾ekSm seRmc
)annUvesckþIsuxEdltkeRmIk . TICRmkrEmgminmankñúg
kamTaMgLayNa GatμaminesBKb;CamYynwgkamTaMgLay
enaHeT kamTaMgLayCaGmitþ CaGñksmøab; naMmknUvkarP½y
RBÜy dUcCaRtÚveqHkñúgKMnrePøIg . BYkCnTaMgLayEdlCab;
C¿Bak;kñúgkam rEmgCYbnUvesckþITukçkñúgelakenH TaMgEdl
min)andågc,as;nUvTIbMputénCatiCramrN³ . mnusSTaMg-

-53-
LayCaeRcInEtgedÍreTAtampøÚvénTuKÁti mankamCaehtu >>>
kamTaMgLay CacMNgrbs;mc©úraC .
RBHefrÍbYsehIy kñúgéf¶TI 8 k¾)anseRmcnUvRBH-
Grhtþ Kg;cUlplsmabtþinaKl;eQImYyedÍm RBHd¾man-
RBHPaKRTg;Rtas;sresIrRBHnag 3 KafadUecñHfa
GñkTaMgLaycUremIlnUvnag suPakmμarFItaenH Ca®sþI
zítenAkñúgFm’ nag)ancUlkan;Qansmabtþi tmanesckþI
jab;j½r nag)ancUldl;Fm’d¾s¶b; GgÁúyEk,rKl;eQI . nag
suPakmμarFIta bYs)an 8 éf¶nwgéf¶enHehIy CaPikçúnIman
sT§al¥ nag)anseRmcnUvRBHsT§mμ Edlman]b,lvNÑaefrÍ
CaGñkTUnμanehIy Ca®sþImanvíC¢a 3 lHbg;nUvmc©ú)an . PikçúnI
enH CaGñktmanbMNul man®nÞiyceRmInehIyR)ascak
kielsCaeRKÓgRbkbTaMgBYg mankic©eFVIrYcehIy minman
Gasv³ .
RKaenaH skáeTvraC RTg;RCaberOgenaHehIy RTg;
tRmiHfa eRBaHehtuénRBHefrÍGgÁenH manKuNKYr[RCHføa
éRkElg eTIbRBHbrmsasþaRTg;Rtas;sresIrdUecñH . Tan;
eBlenaHÉg skáeTvraC RBmTaMgeTvtaCan;tavtþigS )an

-54-
yagmk RTg;GPivaT ehIypÁgGBa¢lI RTg;Rbfab;QrsMBH
RBHefrÍ . eRBaHehtudUecñaH eTIbRBHsgÁÍtikacarüTaMgLay
eBalfa
eTvraCeQμaHská³ Cam©as;énBYkstV RBmTaMgBYk
eTvta cUleTAnmsáarcMeBaHPikçúnIeQμaHsuPakmμarFItaenaH
edayb£T§irbs;xøÜn .
3
bBa©kçn§CaPar³F¶n;
3
stVelakeyIg Gt;manGVI[xVl;rvl;esaH EtenH
eRBaHGvíC¢a eTIbcab;Rbkan;nUvbBa©kçn§ykmkeFVICatYxøÜn
Ég rYctaMgRsLaj;GVIesμInwgRsLaj;xøÜnminman emø:aH
ehIy skmμPaBCaGPisgçark¾RbRBwtþeTAmindac; enHÉg
eQμaHfa stVelakTTYlnUvPar³F¶n; .
karGb;rMceRmInGriymKÁGgÁ 8 RbRBwtþeTAedÍm,Í
kMNt;dågnUvbBa©kçn§ ehIydak;nUvPar³d¾F¶n;enH .
3

-55-
16- CÍvits¶b;Bit
3
kñúgsMyutþnikay sKafvKÁ skásURt bidkelx 30 /
TMB½r 208 sm½ymYyRBHd¾manRBHPaK RTg;Kg;enAelIPñM
KiCÄkUd eTobRkúgraCRKwH RKaenaHÉg ykSeQμaHská³ )an
cUleTArkRBHd¾manRBHPaK luHcUleTAdl;ehIy eTIbeBal
Kafa nwgRBHd¾manRBHPaKfa
kareRbónRbedAbuKÁldéTNa² minsmKYrdl;smN³
dUcCaelak EdlCaGñklHbg;nUvkielsCaeRKÓgedatRkg
mancitþputRsLH CaGñks¶b;rMgab;ehIyenaHeT .
RBHd¾manRBHPaKRTg;Rtas;fa mñalská³ karenA
CamYyKña)anekIteLIgedayehtuNa buKÁlGñkmanR)aCJamin
Kb,IGnueRKaHnUvehtuenaH edayRtwmEtcitþeT ebIbuKÁlman
citþRCHføa eRbónRbedAbuKÁldéT edayBaküNa TukCabuKÁl
déTenaH minRbkbxøÜntamBaküenaHk¾eday kareRbónRbedA
enaH k¾eQμaHfakarGnueRKaHedaykarGaNitGasUrEdr .
enAkñúgRBHsURtmYyenH )anbBa¢ak;R)ab;[eyIgyl;

-56-
GMBIKMnitrbs;ykS EdlKitfa buKÁlGs;kielsehIy caM)ac;
mkrvl;RbedAGñkdéTeFVIGVIeTot RtÚvEtCabuKÁls¶b;²mñak;Ég
minKb,ImkeFVIkic©TUnμaneRbónRbedAGñkNa²eLIy . enHKWCa
KMnitl¶g;exøArbs;ykSeQμaHská³enaH edayykSenaH Gt;
)andågeLIyfa RBHd¾manRBHPaKRTg;Gs;kiels ehIyRTg;
RbkbedayRBHjaNRKb;y:ag RBHGgÁRtas;eTsnaeR)as
stVtamGFüaRs½yénGñksþab; rhUtdl;Gñksþab;dågc,as;nUv
Fm’Bit tamedayRBHhb£T½ymhakruNarbs;RBHGgÁ. ykS
l¶g;exøAenaH Gt;RCabGMBIesckþIs¶b;BitR)akdeT ecHEtfa
RBHGgÁmanRBHhb£T½yputRsLHehIy caM)ac;mkrvl;CamYy
nwgGñkdéTeFVIGVIeTot .
manEtbuKÁlGñkGb;rMceRmInnUvstib,dæanbu:eNÑaH eTIb
GacRCabdågGMBIkars¶b;nUvGPisgçarBitR)akd eRBaHkars¶b;
enH KWCaplénstib,dæanb,díbtþi . minEmnenARtg;min
niyaymineFVIkargarGVI² b¤eRBaHenAéRBmñak;ÉgenaHeT ehIy
k¾minEmnkar)anseRmcnUvrUbCÄan nig GrUbCÄanenaHEdr
kars¶b;nUvGPisgçareRBaH)anlHbg;nUvGvíC¢a . kars¶b;nUv
GPisgçartamlMdab; nig CaerogrhUtenaH KWcab;BIRBHesa-

-57-
tabnñbuKÁleTA. eTaHCaRBHesatabnñbuKÁlenaH manRKÜsar
CaXravas mankargarCamuxrbr rhUtdl;RtÚvmanerOgyM
esaky:agNa k¾GPisgçarEdllH)anehIyenaH minRtLb;
mkCakarmins¶b;víjenaHeLIy eRBaHfa RBHniBVanmanesckþI
s¶b;d¾eTogTat; Gt;ERbRbÜl .
kars¶b;nUvGPisgçarenH minmanvíFIerobcMcat;EcgeFVI
y:agNa b¤RtÚvEteTArs;enAy:agNaenaHeLIy eRBaHkar
s¶b;nUvGPisgçaredaykarlHbg;nUvGvíC¢a . GvíC¢axN³enH
Ég KWxN³EdlmansPavFm’ CaFm’EdlmanBit ehIyGt;
eXIj Gt;dågnUvFm’BitEdlminEmnCastVbuKÁltYxøÜn RtwmEt
Cabrmtß .
enAeBlxøH GaceBalfa BYkÉgenHeFVI[eyIglM)ak
Nas; GjminecHenACamYyÉgeT GjeTArks¶b;s¶at;Et
mñak;Égvíj >>> . bdíbtþiFm’minXat;GFüaRs½yenaHeLIy
eRBaHFøab;snSMCa]bnisS½ymkehIy EtCÍvítrs;enARKb;eBl
evla KWminmanGVIeRkAGMBIrUbFm’ nig namFm’kñúgelakTaMg 6
eT elakTaMg 6 suT§EtCaelaks¶at;RKb;eBlevlaTaMgGs;
RKan;Etfa elakd¾s¶b;s¶at;enH RtÚveTAdl;edaybBaØa .

-58-
eRBaHmin)ansþab;[yl; stVelakRtÚvXVag b¤ RtÚveKcecj
GMBIFm’BitehIyk¾min)andl;nUvesckþIs¶b;d¾BitR)akdeLIy.
BitEmnEtelakenHkMBugvåkvr edayeRKaHFmμCati
edaykielskñúgxøÜnmñak;² TaMgEdlvåkvredayCra BüaFi
mrN³ nig Gkuslví)akepSg² b:uEnþ enHvaCaelakénKMnit
b:ueNÑaH kalEdlBuT§bris½T)ancUldl;elakkñúgGriyvín½y
edaybBaØa BuT§bris½Tnwg)aneRkbnUvrsénkarminvåkvreday
Bit . karEdlminvåkvrkñúgcitþminmankgVl; minmanesckþI
Rbkan; enHÉgCaTIBwg CaRBHniBVan CaTIGs;eTAénCra nig
mrN³ .
3
rs;enACamYyFm’Bit
3
rs;enACamYynwgFm’Bit KWs¶b;citþcMeBaHGVI²Edl
ekIteLIg minTas;citþcMeBaHkarBit . rbs;EdlR)afña
kalEdlmin)an k¾xkcitþ bu:EnþkarBitmanRKb;eBl .
3

-59-
17- sUcielamykS GñkmansMNag
3
sm½ymYy RBHd¾manRBHPaK RTg;Kg;enACítRsúkKya
CalMenAénykSeQμaHsUcielam³ . kalBIsasnaRBHBuT§
ksSbTsBl ykSenHCaRBHPikçúmYyGgÁ snSM]bnisS½ykñúg
karsikSaRsavRCavravrkFm’Bit . sUcielamykS )anTUl
sYrFm’RBHd¾manRBHPaKdUecñHfa
raK³ nig eTas³ manGVICaehtu karGpSúkesckþI
eRtkGr nig esckþIRBWRBÜceram ekItGMBITINa menavítká
taMgeLIgGMBITINa ehIyElgecalnUvcitþeTAvíj dUcekμgcg
eCÍgEk¥knwg ExSehIy [Ek¥kehIreTA .
sUcielamykS cg;ecHdågGMBICÍvítBit² etIehtuGVI)an
CamanraK³ eTas³CaedÍmenH . menavítká KWkarRtiHriHrbs;
citþ eTaHCaKiteTAq¶ayy:agNa erOgenH erOgenaH k¾RtwmEt
CacitþKitbu:eNÑaH ebIminmancitþeT karKitk¾minmanEdr dUc
Ek¥kCab;ExS eTaHCaehIreTANa k¾RtÚvEtmkdl;ekμgvíj
dEdl . citþdUcekμg Émenavítká dUcEk¥kCab;ExS vítká Ca

-60-
ectsik eTaHCaKitdUcmansøabehIreTAdl;Na k¾CaFm’ekIt
rlt;CamYynwgcitþ minGacGt;citþ)aneT .
tamBit GVI²EdlekIteLIg manRtwmEtcitþ ectsik rUb
bu:eNÑaH minmanGVIekItelIsBIbrmtß 3 y:agenHeLIy . GVI
EdlekIteLIg eTIbman GVIEdlGt;ekIt KWGt;man dUecñH GVI
Edlman KWGVIEdlekIteLIg GVIEdlekIteLIg KWCabrmtß
GaRs½ybc©½y CaFm’Bit y:agNay:aghñwg CaGntþa Ca
GarmμN_énRBHkmμdæan Gb;rMcitþ rlt;karhYgEhg .
RBHd¾manRBHPaKRTg;Rtas;tbfa
raK³ nig eTas³ manGtþPaBenHCaehtu karGpSúk
esckþIeRtkGr nig esckþIRBWRBÜceram k¾ekItGMBIGtþPaBenH
menavítká k¾taMgeLIgGMBIGtþPaBenHEdr ehIyElgecalnUv
citþeTAvíj dUcekμgcgeCÍgEk¥knwgExSehIy [Ek¥kehIreTA .
RBHd¾manRBHPaKRTg;Rtas;bnþeTotfa
Gkuslvítkád¾eRcIn ekItBIesñha eBalKWtNða ekIt
RBmkñúgxøÜnehIypSayeTAkñúgvtßúkamTaMgLay dUcBYréRCekIt
BIedÍméRCehIyrYbrwtedÍmeQIkñúgéRBEdlxøÜnGaRs½y dUecñaH
Ég . BYkbuKÁlNa dågc,as;nUvGtþPaBenaHfa manrbs;

-61-
NaCaehtu BYkbuKÁlenaH k¾benÞabg;nUvGtþPaBenaH)an .
mñalykS GñkcUrsþab;cuH BYkbuKÁlenaH rEmgqøgnUvGnøg;enH
Edlqøg)anedaykRm TaMgEdlminFøab;)anqøg edÍm,Iminman
nUvPBfμÍteTAeTot .
RBHsURtenH enAkñúgbidkelx 30 / TMB½r 210 sUci-
elamykS)anseRmcesatabtþipl edaykarbBa¢ÚnjaN
eTAtamRBHFm’eTsna enAeBlEdlkMBugQrsþab; enaHÉg.
buKÁlEdlsnSMGb;rMbBaØamk kalEdlBicarNatam
esckþIénRBHFm’eTsna k¾)aneXIjfa karRsLaj;s¥b;
Kab;Tas; RBmTaMgkarrvl;kñúgcitþ KitxVl; KitRBÜy P½yxøac
GIV²TaMgGs; k¾eRBaHkareRtkGrRbkan;cMeBaHGtþPaBKWtYxøÜn
enHÉg .
buKÁlEdlmindågGtþPaBKWbBa©kçn§enH ekItGMBIrbs;
Nak¾cab;ykmkeFVICatYxøÜn ehIyrvl;mYysgSarvdþrhUtmk
karrvl;enHCatYGPisgçartak;EtgPBfμÍ .
GPisgçarminman eRBaHlHGvíC¢aedayvíC¢a bBaØaeXIj
karekIteLIgénsgçarelaktamBit TaMg)aneXIjkarrlt;
Gs;eTAénsgçarelaktamBitpgEdr .

-62-
18- GVIEdlekItKWRtÚvEtman
3
GVIEdlekItKWRtÚvEtman enHCaRbFanbTénkarsux
citþ . eyIgEtgEtTas;citþnwgerOgenH erOgenaH edayKitfa
GñkdéTCaGñkeFVI EttamBit GVIEdlekItmanenaH RBHsmμa-
sm<úT§RTg;RbwgERbgsEmþgGs; 45 RBHvsSa edÍm,I[dågfa
CaFm’Bit . kñúgelakenH CÍvítenH etIeyIgeFVIGVI)an eFVIEPñk
eFVIRtecok eFVIvíBaØaNdågGarmμN_ eFVIsux eFVITukç etIeFVI)an
eT ? mü:ageTot rhUtmkenH eyIgTamTarGVI)anxøH Gt;cas;
Gt;QW Gt;søab; Gt;RBat;BIGVICaTIeBjcitþ rs;enAmanEt
esckþIsux .l. etITamTar)aneT ? RBHBuT§Rtas;dågsEmþg
RBHFm’ etIeyIgenAmindågkarBiténelakenHdl;NaeTot
TamTarGVIBIelakenHeTot .
ral;eBlEdlTas;citþ suT§EtekItGMBIkarTamTar kar
Cab;C¿Bak; nig karsmÁal;faxøÜnÉgRKan;ebITaMgGs; . buKÁl
EdlsÁal;elakenHtamBit KWminRbkan;GVIfaCaxøÜn faCa
rbs;xøÜn karminRbkan;enHCaTIBwgénbuKÁlenaH emø:aHehIy

-63-
buKÁlenaH rEmgCabuKÁlsøÚt minmanBiskMNacKWkarRbkan;
manEtcitþGnueRKaH senþaseR)asRbNI .
elakenHCaGntþa minsþab;bgÁab;GñkNa mintamGñk
NaTamTarGVITaMgGs; elakenH RbRBwtþeTAtamEtbc©½yrbs;
xøÜnbu:eNÑaH. ebIeyIgminRbkan;CamYynwgelakenHeT elak
enHk¾Gt;mkeFVIGVIeyIgEdr EtebIeyIgRbkan;vaCaTukçkgVl;
ceg¥ótcg¥l; GpSúk eRBaHEtkarRbkan;xøÜnÉg elakenHenA
EtRbRBwtþeTAtambc©½yrbs;xøÜn nig Casgçarelak ekIt
ehIyvínas)at;eTAvíjCaFmμta .
ebIelakenH RbRBwtþeTAtamEtbc©½ydUecñH etIRtÚv
TamTarrkyutþiFm’y:agdUcemþceTot ? elakenH minEdl
lMeGogBIkarBiteLIy .
Fm’BitTaMgGs;manR)akdkñúgelak 6 dac;edayELk
GMBIKña CabrmtßepSgKña sUnücakstVbuKÁltYxøÜn . kñúgbidk
elx 54/TMB½r 56 ehmvtykS TUlsYrFm’RBHd¾manRBHPaK
fa eRBaHGVIekIteLIg eTIbelakekIt elakeFVIesckþIsñiT§sñal
kñúgGVI elakRbkan;nUvGVI eRBaHmanGVIeTIbelaklM)ak .
RBHd¾manRBHPaKRTg;Rtas;tbfa

-64-
qsu elaeka smub,enña qsu kuBVti snßvM
qnñemv ])aTay qsu elaeka vihBaØti.
eRBaHGaytn³ 6 ekIteLIg eTIbelakekIt elakeFVI
esckþIsñiT§sñalkñúgGaytn³ 6 elakRbkan;nUvGaytn³ 6
eRBaHGaytn³ 6 man eTIbelaklM)ak .
eTaHCaeBalfa stVelak b¤sm,tþiTaMgBYg pÞHsMEbg
dÍFøIERscmáar manlaP manysCaedÍmy:agNa kalebI
rlwkdl;GVIEdlmanBit KWGVIEdlekItkñúgGaytn³ 6 bu:eNÑaH
eTaHCasb,aynwgsm,tþi laPysy:agNa minputBIkar
eXIjrUb B¤sMeLgCaedÍmeLIy eTaHCaRbkan;kñúgerOgGVI kñúg
buKÁlNa eBlenaH ePøcecalFm’Bit minmanstirlwk min
)ansikSa eTIblM)akcitþ ekþARkhay TukçRBÜy .
bdíbtþiFm’ KWstirlwkdåg)annUvFm’EdlmanBit kMBug
R)akdkñúgelak 6 . Fm’Bitkñúgelak 6 enH RtÚv)anbiT)aMg
edayGvíC¢aGs;mYysgSarvdþmkehIy KWckçúvíBaØaNekIteLIg
eyIgeXIj esatvíBaØaNekIteLIg eyIgB¤ XanvíBaØaNekIt
eLIg eyIgFuMkøin CívavíBaØaNekIteLIg eyIgdågrs kay-
víBaØaNekIteLIg eyIgdågepadæBV³ menavíBaØaNekIteLIg
ð

-65-
eyIgdåg eyIgKit eyIgyl; emø:aHehIy manEtkarvegVgkñúg
elakbu:eNÑaH vegVgRsLaj; vegVgs¥b; ecalFm’BitEdl
RBHBuT§RTg;Rtas;sEmþg 45 RBHvsSa .
3
sþab;ehIyKitBicarNa
3
sþab;ehIyKittam etIeyIgeXIj b¤RtwmEtcitþ
eXIj ehIyGVIEdlR)akd[eXIj . RtÚvkuM[RcLMrU)a-
rmμN_EdlCaGarmμN_énckçúvíBaØaN nig vtßú mnusS stV
erOg EdlCaGarmμN_éncitþKitkñúgmenaTVar . minEmn
hamXat;citþKiteLIy eTaHCaKitfa mnusS stV vtßúGVI
k¾eday EtRtÚvkMNt;sPav³EdlmanBitkñúgelakEPñk KW
RtwmEtvNÑrUb dUcrUbKMnUr b¤ dUcrUbftdUecñaHÉg .
sMeLg KWCasPavrUb EdlmanBitmYyEbbeTot epSgBI
vNÑrUb . karsikSarbs;Bit Fm’Bit EdlkMBugR)akd
tamTVar 6 eTIbkm©at;GvíC¢a dknUvkgVl;nwgxøÜnÉg)an .
3

-66-
19- RBhμyanBitR)akd
3
vÍtesaketßr³ )ansnSMbuNüTukmktaMgBIPBmun² kñúg
RBHsasnaénRBHBuT§siT§tß³)anekItkñúgRtkUlRBahμN_sikSa
seRmckñúgvíC¢a nig sil,sa®sþrbs;RBahμN_ ehIylHbg;
kamTaMgLay bYsCatabsenAkñúgéRB . eBlmYy )andåg
d¿NwgGMBIkarRtas;dågrbs;RBHsmμasm<úT§ k¾mancitþrMePIb
rIkray ehIyKitfa kar)ancUlKal;RBHsmμasm<úT§ CakarRk
Nas; dUecñHeyIgKYrcUlKal;RBHGgÁkñúgkalLÚvenH . enA
sl;EtmYyeyaCn_knøHeTotbu:eNÑaH nwg)anKal;RBHBuT§GgÁ
Rsab;EtekItxül;cab;eFVIkalkiriya enAtampøÚvenaHÉg .
edaysBaØaEdlbBa¢ÚneTAehIykñúgRBHBuT§ RBHtabs)an
ekItkñúgeTvelak . cuHeLIgkñúgeTvtanigmnusSTaMgLay Ca
eRcInCati eTIbCaticugeRkayenH ekItCab¥ÚnRbúseBAbg¥s;
rbs;RBH)aTFmμaesak manRBHnamfa vÍtesak³ .
vÍtesakraCkumar ceRmInvyehIy k¾)andl;nUvesckþI
seRmckñúgvíC¢a nig sil,sa®sþ eday)ansikSarYmKñanwg
½

-67-
xtþiykumarTaMgLay EfmTaMg)ansikSanUvRBHsutþnþbidk nig
RBHGPiFmμbidk TaMgEdlxøÜnenACaRKhsß edayGaRs½y
RBHKiriTtþetßr³ . éf¶mYy)anTTYlkBa©k;GMBIédénCagkat;sk;
kñúgevladak;RBHmsSú ¬ekarBukmat;Bukcgáa ¦ )ansmøwgemIl
RBHvrkay eXIjmanEs,kRCÜj sk;sáÚvCaedÍm k¾søútsegVK
júaMgcitþ[Føak;cuHkñúgvíbsSna elIkeLIgkan;PavnaCaRBH-
esatabnñ elIGasn³enaHÉg bnÞab;mkk¾cUlkan;pñÜskñúg
smñak;RBHKiriTtþetßr³ ehIyseRmcRBHGrhtþkñúgkalminCa
yUrbu:nμaneLIy .
kñúgbidkelx 56/TMB½r 183 RBHvÍtesaketßr³ )an
sEmþgfa
kalEdlkb,kburs ¬Cagkat;sk; ¦ cUlmkrkeyIg
edayKitfa nwgkat;sk;rbs;eyIg eTIbeyIgTTYlykkBa©k;
GMBIédénkb,kbursenaH ehIyqøúHemIlsrIr³ . ragkay
R)akdCarbs;TeT PaBggåtKWGvíC¢akñúgkayenH EdlCaedÍm-
ehtuénGMeBIl¶g;exøA )anR)asecjehIy kielsdUcCasMBt;
cas;Edldac;dac b¤dUcCaBYkecar edayesckþIfalYcbøn;nUv
kusl eyIg)anpþac;ecalehIy LÚvenH PBfμÍminmaneT .

-68-
RBHefrKafa Gs;Rtwmbu:eNÑH erOgr:avénCÍvítrbs;
RBHvÍtesaketßr³ bgðaj[yl;fa kMBugqøúHkBa©k; stib,dæan
k¾ekIteLIg)an RBhμyand¾RbesIr)anmkdl;kñúgxN³enaH
buKÁlenaH CaGñkR)aCJ GaRs½yRBhμyanecjcakelak .
enAsgS½yeToteT GVICatYbdíbtþi ?
minEmnRtg;enARsúk b¤enAéRB b¤k¾enARtg;eFVIGVI²Edl
CakarxusRbRktIénCÍvítenaHeT . bdíbtþiFm’ KW)andl; )an
dåg )aneXIj nUvFm’BitCabrmtß CasPavFm’enAkñúgelak 6
elakÉNanImYy manelakEPñkCaedÍm . bdíbtþiFm’)an
eXIjelaksUnücakmnusS stV vtßú nig kEnøgNa²TaMgGs;
rU)armμN_CasPavrUbkñúgelakEPñk eTaHCacitþkñúgmenaTVarKit
faCamnusS b¤vtßúenHenaH b¤k¾CaTIRkúg CavalERs CaéRB Ca
GVIk¾eday EtrUbCasPav³R)akdkñúgelakEPñk minEmnsMeLg
minEmnkøin minEmnrs minEmnepadæBV³ nig minEmnCackçú-
víBaØaNEdlCatYeXIjrUbenaHeLIy .
bdíbtþiFm’d¿bUg KWkm©at;GtþsBaØa enAeBlEdlbrmtß-
Fm’R)akddl;bdíbtþiFm’enaH . bdíbtþiFm’KW smμaTidæí smμa-
sgáb,³ smμavayam³ smμasti nig smμasmaFi .

-69-
20- seRmcmKÁplkñúgePøIg
3
RBHnagsamavtI CamYynwg®sþICabrivar )anseRmc
Fm’TINa kñúgéRBEdrb¤eT ? minEmneT KWseRmckñúgRBHraC-
vaMgRBH)aT]eTn Rkúgekasm<I . enAeBlePøIgeqHR)asaT
RBHnagRBmTaMgbrivar 500 nak; RtÚvGs;CÍvít bu:Enþmunnwg
Gs;CÍvít RBHnagsamavtI)an[»vaTdl;®sþITaMgenaHfa kar
kMNt;GtþPaB EdlRtÚvePøIgeqHy:agenH sRmab;BYkeyIg
EdlCaGñkRtac;rgÁat;kñúgsgSarvdþ EdlmanTIbMputminR)akd
eLIy sUm,IBuT§BaØaN k¾minGackMNt;TIbMputénsgSarvdþ
)an GñkTaMgLay cUrCabuKÁlminRbmaT . ®sþITaMgenaH
kalEdlR)asaTRtÚvePøIgeqH )anmnsikarnUvevTnabriKÁh-
kmμdæan KWkan;yknUvTukçevTnaCaedÍmkñúgRKaenaHCaGarmμN_
BYk®sþIxøHseRmcplTI 2 BYk®sþIxøHeTotseRmcplTI 3 .
kalEdlPikçúTaMgLay RkabTUldl;RBHd¾manRBHPaK
RBHGgÁRTg;Rtas;fa mñalPikçúTaMgLay kñúg])asikaTaMgenaH
])asikaxøHCaesatabnñbuKÁl xøHeTotCaskTaKamibuKÁl

-70-
nig xøHeTotCaGnaKamibuKÁl ])asikaTaMgGs;enaH minCa
buKÁlR)ascakpl ehIyeFVIkalkiriyaenaHeLIy . luH
RBHd¾manRBHPaKRTg;RCabc,as;nUvesckþIenaHehIy eTIb
RTg;bnøWnUv]TanenH kñúgevlaenaHfa ¬bidk 52/TMB½r 318 ¦
emahsm<n§ena elaeka PBVrUe)av TisSti
]bFiBn§ena Baela tmsa brivarieta
ssSetariv xayti bsSeta ntßi kiBa©nnþi.
stVelak manemah³CacMNg R)akddUcCamanrUb
ceRmIn buKÁlBal man]bFikáielsCacMNg RtÚvggåtKW
GvíC¢aecameramehIy R)akddUcCaeTogTat; cMENkbuKÁl
GñkBicarNadågc,as; rEmgminmannUvkgVl;eLIy .
Gdækfa Bnül;esckþIRtg;Edlfa stVelakman
emah³CacMNg R)akddUcCamanrUbceRmIn KWxøÜnrbs;stV
elakenaH R)akddUcCamanrUb dUcCamansPav³eTog KW
R)akddUcCamincas;minsøab; EdlCaehtu[RbRBwtþnUvGMeBI
minKYreFVI man)aNati)atCaedÍm eRBaHEtemah³rYbrwt .
Rtg;Edlfa buKÁlBal man]bFikáielsCacMNg
CaedÍmenaH KWstVelakenHminEmnmanEtemah³CacMNg

-71-
bu:eNÑaHeT KWman]bFiCaeRKÓgcgeTot RtÚvGvíC¢aecameram
ggåtbiT)aMgsPavFm’Bit dUecñaH bufuC¢nl¶g;exøA eTIbman
]bFiCacMNg . ]bFiKWkam ]bFiKWkiels ]bFiKWxn§ ]bFi
TaMgGs;suT§EtCaeRKÓgRTRTg;nUvTukç eRBaHPaBggåtKWGvíC¢a
biT)aMg esckþIRbkan;k¾TTYlykbBa©kçn§mkeFVICatYxøÜn emø:aH
ehIyRtÚvEsVgrkkam nigRtÚvxVl;eRBaHkielsepSg² enHÉg
Edlfa buKÁlBalman]bFiCacMNg¬]bFiBn§ena Baela ¦.
eRBaHman]bFiCacMNg k¾R)akddUcCamansPav³eTog Ca
Gtþa rEmgekIt rEmgman RKb;kalTaMgBYg .
bsSeta ntßi kiBa©nM edayesckþIfa buKÁlNa
kMNt;sgçarTaMgLay BicarNaeXIjnUvlkçN³manGnic©-
lkçN³CaedÍm buKÁlenaH cak;FøúHtamesckþIBit eday
mKÁb,BaØa EdlGaRs½yvíbsSna eTIbkielsCaeRKÓgkgVl;
manraK³CaedÍm CaehtucgstVTukkñúgvdþ³ rEmgminman .
sikSaGMBIkar)anseRmcnUvmKÁpl rbs;buKÁlepSg²
edÍm,IbBa¢ak;GMBItYFm’bdíbtþi. tYFm’bdíbtþi KWPaBPøWsVagkm©at;
GvíC¢a ehIyFm’EdlmanBitCabrmtß k¾)anR)akdkñúgBnøWPøW
sVagenaH y:agenH eTIbCabuBVPaKénGriymKÁ .

-72-
21- pøÚvEtmYyKt;
3
vísaxa CabBa©BiFklüaNI seRmcFm’CaRBHesata-
bnña taMgBIGayu 7 qñaM . nagCabuRtrbs;sumnaeTvÍ CamYy-
nwgFnBa¢½yesdæÍ ehIyRtÚvCaecARsIsmøaj;énemNÐkesdæÍ
kñúgPTÞiynKr EdnGgÁ³ . kñúgkalenaH KWRBHd¾manRBHPaK
RTg;RCabnUv]bnisS½yénGñkEdlRtÚv)anseRmcmKÁpl kñúg
PTÞiynKr eTIbRBHGgÁesþcyageTAkan;nKrenaH RBmeday
RBHPikçúsgÇCaeRcInGgÁ . kalEdlRBHGgÁRTg;yageTAdl;
ehIy emNÐkesdæÍk¾)an[ecARsIsmøaj;eTATTYlRBHd¾man-
RBHPaKCamYynwgKat; RBmedaykumarICabrivarrbs;ecA 500
nak; . kñúgkalenaH vísaxa)aneLIgkan;yanrbs;nag
cMENkkumarIdéTTaMg 500 nak; suT§Etmanyanerog²xøÜn
eq<aHeTArkRBHd¾manRBHPaKTal;EtGs;pøÚvyan eTIbnaMKñaedÍr
cUleTA fVaybgÁ¿RBHbrmsasþa ehIynaMKñaQrkñúgTId¾smKYr
RBHsBVBaØBuT§RTg;Rtas;sEmþgFm’ edayGMNacénbuBVcriya
rbs;nag . kñúgeBlcb;Fm’eTsna nagRBmTaMgkumarI 500
u

-73-
nak; taMgenAkñúgesatabtþipl . cMENkemNÐkesdæÍ cUl
Kal;RBHbrmsasþa sþab;FmμkfaehIyseRmcesatabtþipl
eTIb)annimnþRBHPikçúsgÇmanRBHsmμasm<úT§CaRbmux TTYl
cgðan;kñúgéf¶Es¥k .
enHCakarsEmþgdl;)armI nig ®nÞiyEdl)anGb;rM
ceRmInehIy minEmnenARtg;smñak;bdíbtþi kEnøgenHb¤
kEnøgenaHeLIy . BnøWPøWsVagkm©at;GvíC¢a eXIjFm’EdlekIt
eLIg EdlmanBit EdlkMBugR)akd Cabrmtß enHCabdíbtþi-
Fm’ CabdíbTacUleTArkkarGs;esckþIRbkan; .
BuT§bris½T Cab;citþnwgkareFVIFm’ etIeFVIFm’GVI ? eFVIcitþ
[s¶b; . LÚvenH citþmanehIyetI Carbs;EdlmanBit
R)akdminEmnCaxøÜneyIgehIyeRsc rs;enAsb,ay²CamYy
Fm’Bit enHCakarGb;rMcitþ lHesckþIRbkan; Cad¿eNIrecj
cakelak . ebIniyayBIeFVIvíj etIeyIgeFVIGVI)anxøH eRBaHFm’
TaMgBYgGaRs½ybc©½yekIteLIg . bdíbtþiFm’ minEmneFVIFm’GVI
TaMgGs; bdíbtþiFm’ KWyl;RtÚv eXIjRtÚv tamesckþIBit én
Fm’EdlmanBit .
])asikaxuC¢útþra lYcR)ak;ral;éf¶ kñúgtémøTijpáa eBl

-74-
sþab;RBHFm’eTsnaseRmcesatabtþipl dUecñH etIGVICatY
bdíbtþiFm’ ? bdíbtþiFm’ecjcakTukç manEtmü:agKt; eTaHCa
EbbRBHckçú)aletßr³ naMKñaelakeTAenAéRBkþI b¤EbbbNÐit
sameNr laRBH]bCÄay_eBlkMBugnimnþbiNÐ)at RtLb;
mkRbRBwtþsmNFm’kñúgkudíkþI bdíbtþiFm’KWkMNt;dågFm’Edl
manBit KWRKb;RBHGriybuKÁlTaMgGs; TaMgRKhsß TaMg
bBVCít TaMgmnusS TaMgeTvtanÞRBhμ TaMgkñúgGtItkal TaMg
kñúgGnaKtkal TaMgkñúgbc©úb,nñkal eBalKWpøÚvEtmYyKt;
sUm,IRBHd¾manRBHPaK k¾esþcyagtampøÚvenHEdr .
enAkñúgbueNÑavaTsURt bidkelx 28 / TMB½r 261
RBHbuNÑ³d¾manGayu cUlKal;RBHd¾manRBHPaK sUm»vaT
TUnμan . RBHbrmsasþa RTg;Rtas;GMBIrUb sMeLg køin rs
epadæBV³ nig FmμarmμN_ ebIbuKÁlmantNða])aTanrIkraykñúg
GarmμN_enaH²ehIy RBHGgÁRtas;fa karekIteLIgénesckþI
Tukç eRBaHkarekIteLIgénesckþIrIkray Ékarrlt;esckþITukç
eRBaHkarrlt;esckþIrIkray rYcehIyRBHGgÁRtas;sYrRBH-
buNÑ³dUecñHfa mñalbuNÑ³ tfaKtTUnμanGñk eday»vaTy:ag
segçbenHehIy etIGñknwgeTAenACnbTNa ?

-75-
GñkEdlcUleTAKal;RBHbrmsasþa RBHGgÁEtgEt
RbTannUvRBHFm’eTsna rMlwkdas;etOn TUnμaneRbónRbedA
R)ab;Bnül; ÉcMENkvíharFm’ rs;enAy:agNa enAkEnøg
Na KWeTAtamGFüaRs½y ebICabBVCít k¾[smrmütam
RBHvín½yrbs;GñkbYs .
eTAkþI enAkþI TINa² k¾manEPñk Rtecok RcmuH GNþat
kay nig mancitþEdr Fm’Bitmankñúgelak 6 ebImindågFm’
kñúgelak 6 eT eQμaHfa rkFm’BitmineXIjeLIy b¤fa Ca
buKÁl xVak;EPñk eBalKWminmanbBaØackçú .
3
eRCAeRBaHdåg)anedayRk
3
eRCAeBkeTAhak;dUcCarak; GñkNamineXIj Gñk
NaminB¤ FuMkøin dågrs dågepadæBV³ nwkKit sux Tukç .l.
manRKb;EtKña . Kb,IRCabfa RBHBuT§brmRKÚsEmþgR)ab;
[dågnUvFm’TaMgGs;enH Casc©Fm’ .
3

-76-
22- seRmcmKÁpleBlCítmrN³
3
sm½ymYyenaH RBHsrkanisküraC RTg;TivgÁteTA
RBHGgÁCabuKÁlEdlRBHd¾manRBHPaKRTg;BüakrehIyfa Ca
esatabnñbuKÁl mansPaBminFøak;eTAkñúgG)ay CabuKÁl
eTog mankarRtas;dågRbRBwtþeTAkñúgxagmux . kñúgkalenaH
BYksküraCCaeRcInGgÁmkRbCu¿KñakñúgTIenaHehIy eBaleTas
tiHedol bnþúHbg¥ab;fa eGIhñ+ Gs©arüNas;etI eGIhñ+ minEdl
ekItmaneT ebIy:aghñwg GñkNanwgmin)anCaesatabnñbuKÁl
enAkñúgsasnaenH . RBHsrkanisküraC EdlRTg;TivgÁt
eTAehIyenaH minsmebIRBHd¾manRBHPaKRTg;Büakrfa Ca
esatabnñbuKÁlesaH eRBaHRBHsrkanisküraC dl;nUvPaBén
xøÜnCaGñkmankmøaMgexSayedaysikça eRBaHfaRBHGgÁesay
TwkRsvåg .
enAkñúgesckþIenH RBHskümhanam )ancUlKal;
RBHd¾manRBHPaKenAÉnieRKaFaram ehIyRkabTUlnUvesckþI
enaHdl;RBHd¾manRBHPaK . RBHd¾manRBHPaKRTg;Rtas;GMBI

-77-
kardl;RBHBuT§ RBHFm’ RBHsgÇCaTIBwgTIrlwkGs;raRtIEvg
RBHGgÁRtas;sEmþgGMBIKuNFm’rbs;RBHGriy³ taMgGMBIRBH-
Grhnþ cuHbnþbnÞab;mkdl;RBHesatabnñbuKÁl rhUtdl;
buKÁlenaH RKan;EtmannUvsT§a nig esckþIRsLaj;kñúgRBH-
tfaKt buKÁlenaHÉg CaGñkmineTAkan;nrk mineTAkan;
kMeNIttircäan mineTAkan;kMeNIteRbt mineTAkan;G)ay
TuKÁti víni)at .
Cabnþ RBHGgÁRTg;Rtas;bBa¢ak;GMBIRBHFm’EdlRBHGgÁ
RTg;Rtas;sEmþg dUcCaERsl¥ nigmanePøógl¥ cMENksavk
EdlRbtibtþinUvFm’tamFm’ Rbtibtþid¾smKYrRKb;riyabf dUc
CaBUCd¾l¥ .
srkanisURtenHmankñúgbidkelx 39/cab;BITMB½r140
dl; TMB½r 155 enAkñúgTMB½r 146 RBHGgÁRtas;fa bBiRt
RBHmhanam ebIBYkmhasal¬1¦
Gm,alenH Kb,Idågc,as;
nUvBaküCasuPasit nig BaküCaTuBÖasit tfaKtKb,IBüakr
nUvBYkmhasalGm,alenHfa Caesatabnñ mansPaBmin
Føak;eTAkñúgG)ayPUmi CabuKÁleTog mankarRtas;dågRbRBwtþ
1-RBHGgÁsMedAykedÍmeQIFM²manxøwm 4 edÍm EdlmanenACítRBHGgÁ. Gdækfa .
½

-78-
eTAkñúgxagmux caM)ac;eBalfVÍ dl;srkanisküraC bBiRt
RBHmhanam d,ítRBHsrkanisküraC )ansmaTannUvsikça¬1¦
kñúgkalCítmrN³ .
ebIminmanRBHd¾manRBHPaKeT kuMfaEtBYkskü³TaMg-
LayenaHEdlyl;xus mnusSeyIgsm½yenHrwtEtyl;xus
kñúgbdíbtþiFm’Nas;eTAeTot . RBHsrkanisküraC esay
eRKÓgRsvåg CabuKÁlmansikçabTTuBVl bu:Enþkar)andl;
RBHBuT§ RBHFm’ RBHsgÇCaTIBwgTIrlwkGs;kalyUr karEdl
)ansþab;RBHFm’d¾l¥ ®nÞiyk¾)anGb;rM[cas;køa Cabc©½y[
RBHsrkanisküraC seRmcesatabtþiplkñúgeBlCítGs;
RBHCnμ .
karGb;rMceRmInnUvstib,dæan minmanreboberobcMeFVI
y:agem:c [GñkdéTemIldågfa kMBugEtbdíbtþienaHeLIy
eRBaHstiCanamFm’ CasPav³EdldåglkçN³énbrmtßEdl
kMBugR)akd . eRbóbdUcCakarnwkKitEdr nwg[GñkdéTdågfa
xøÜnkMBugEtKitGVIenaHmin)aneLIy eRBaHCanamFm’ minEmn
CarUbEdlRtÚvemIleXIjenaHeT .
1-CabuKÁleFVI[bribUN’kñúgéRtsikça. Gdækfa .

-79-
kñúgxN³EdlstiekIt GñkmanstidågxøÜnÉg dUecñaH
buKÁlEdlceRmInsti rEmgGb;rMceRmIn)antamRbRktI minfa
kñúgriyabfNa b¤eBlNa kEnøgNaenaHeLIy GarmμN_
rbs;stifñak;stib,dæan KWCaelakEdls¶at;cakstVbuKÁl
nig vtßúepSg²RKb;eBlevla .
3
manEtFm’suT§²
3
ebIckçúvíBaØaNminekIteLIgeT eFVIdUcemþcnwgman
Baküfa buKÁlemIleXIjrUb y:agNamij ebIvíbsSna
minmanbc©½y[ekIteLIgeT etIeFVIdUcemþcnwgmanBaküfa
buKÁlceRmInvíbsSna k¾y:agenaHEdr .
karsþab;RBHFm’[yl;GMBIFm’Bit rhUtkMNt;dåg
nUvFm’EdlmanBit CaCÍvítRbRktIRKb;eBl KWeBlNa
k¾manFm’BitEdr .
3

-80-
23- ]bnisS½yénbdíbtþiFm’
3
kñúgxN³EdlRBHsarIbutþbk;pøítfVayRBHd¾manRBHPaK
EdlRBHd¾manRBHPaKkMBugEtsEmþgRBHFm’dl;TIXnxbriBVa-
Ck enAsukrxata naPñMKiCÄkUd RBHefr³seRmcRBHGrhtþkñúg
xN³enaHKWkMBugbk;pøít minmanGakarxusRbRktIGVITaMgGs;.
eyIgRKb;Kñak¾Føab;bk;pøítenAeBlenaHKiterOgGVI²)anTaMgGs;
KiteFVIbuNüy:agenH y:agenaHb¤KitedayGkuslvítkáepSg²
k¾)an tamEtbc©½yénkarKitenaHman . CMnYskarKitepSg²
stifñak;stib,dæanekIteLIgk¾)anEdr rlwkdåglkçN³énFm’
BitEdlkMBugekIt kMBugman edayGñkdéTmin)andågeLIy
eRBaHtaMgenAedayGakb,kiriyaCaRbRktI rhUtdl;seRmc
mKÁpl .
enAeBlbriePaKGahar stiekItk¾CaRbRktI enAeBl
niyay eBlsþab; stiekItCaRbRktI)anTaMgGs; . enAkñúg
sMyutþnikay xn§varvKÁ exmksURt RBHexmk³kMBugman
GaBaFsEmþgFm’dl;Pikçú 60 GgÁ seRmcRBHGrhtþRKb;GgÁ.

-81-
RBHGdækfa)anbBa¢ak;fa RBHefr³ 60 GgÁenaH ceRmIn
víbsSnakñúgTIenaH TaMgEdlRBHefr³kMBugsEmþgFm’BicarNa
x<s;eLIg² eBlcb;RBHFm’eTsna k¾)anseRmcCaRBH-
Grhnþ . cMENkRBHexmk³minEmneBaledayTMngdéT Et
eBaledaycitþRbRBwtþeTAedayvíbsSnaenaHÉg eRBaHehtu
dUecñaH eTIbelak)anseRmcRBHGrhtþkñúgeBlenaHEdr .
karceRmInstib,dæan minEmnsagGarmμN_[sti b¤
sagbBV³enH bBV³enaHkñúgstib,dæansURt edÍm,IceRmIn
stib,dæanenaHeLIy ehIyk¾minEmnCaEbbbgÁab;sti[
ceRmIneBlenH eBlenaH TIenH TIenaH dUecñaHEdr eRBaHsti
CaGntþa Gñk[stiekItminmaneT KWmanbc©½yRKb;RKan; sti
eTIbekIteLIg .
karsþab;yl;GMBIFm’BitCaRbRktI eTIbCabc©½yén
stib,dæan Ékar)andåglkçN³rbs;sti eTIbGacsti
ceRmIneTA)an .
karceRmInstib,dæan minEmneFVIEbbenH EbbenaH
tamGñkNaenaHeLIy eRBaHGarmμN_rbs;stiCabrmtßFm’
erog²xøÜn RKb;riyabf 4 eBlNak¾manFm’BitEdr . tYFm’

-82-
bdíbtþi minRbRBwtþeTAedÍm,I[xøÜnÉg)anGVIenaHeT tYFm’bdíbtþi
KWdågbrmtßFm’CaFm’Bit EdlFm’BitenaHminEmnCastVbuKÁl
tYxøÜnehIyeRsc .
enAkñúgGdækfaFmμbT PikçúvKÁ sEmþgGMBIRBHvkáli)an
nUvbItid¾xøaMgkøa ehaHeTAtamGakasBicarNaRBHBuT§Kafa
EdlRBHGgÁRTg;Rtas;sEmþgfa
)aemaC¢Bhuela Pikçú bsenña BuT§sasen
GFiKecä bTM snþM sgçarUbsmM suxM .
PikçúEdleRcIneTAedayesckþIrIkrayRCHføakñúgRBHBuT§-
sasna Kb,I)anseRmcnUvsnþibTKWRBHniBVan Edls¶b;nUv
sgçarTaMgBYg Casux .
RBHvkáli seRmcRBHGrhtþenAkñúgGakasenaHÉg
ehIyehaHcuHmkfVaybgÁ¿RBHbrmsasþa enAnaRBHevLúvn-
mhavíhar . etIeyIgbdíbtþiFm’ edayeFVItamRBHvkáli ehaH
eTAtamGakasdUecñaHb¤ ?
RBHsb,Tasetßr³ elakmincg;manCÍvítenAkñúgpñÜs
Etelakk¾mincg;swk em:øaHehIyelakseRmccitþeFVIGtþXat
edayykkaMbitekareTAGarbMBg;k bu:EnþsMNagl¥ kaMbit
½

-83-
bBaØaelOnCag kat;Gasvkáielsdac;Gs; munnwgdac;bMBg;k
seRmcRBHGrhtþkñúgTIenaHÉg . manPikçúGgÁxøH kat;dac;
bMBg;keRscehIy eTIbseRmcRBHGrhtþbriniBVankñúgeBl
enaHeTA .
edÍm,IseRmcRBHGrhtþ etIeyIgRtÚvbdíbtþiedayGar
kat;pþac;bMBg;kxøÜnÉgtamelakdUecñaHb¤ ?
bidkelx 38 TMB½r 101
3
mñalPikçúTaMgLay stib,dæan 4 EdlbuKÁl
NamYy minR)arB§ehIy mKÁd¾RbesIrRbkbedayGgÁ 8
EdljúaMgstV[dl;nUvkarGs;TukçedayRbéB k¾eQμaHfa
buKÁlTaMgenaHminR)arB§ehIyEdr . mñalPikçúTaMgLay
stib,dæan4 EdlbuKÁlNamYyR)arB§ehIy mKÁd¾RbesIr
RbkbedayGgÁ8 EdljúaMgstV[dl;nUvkarGs;Tukçeday
RbéB k¾eQμaHfa buKÁlTaMgenaH R)arB§ehIyEdr .
3

-84-
24- sresIrRBHFm’eTsna
]bma 4 y:ag
3
kñúgRBHéRtbidk eyIg)anGanCYbRtg;kEnøgGñksþab;
RBHFm’yl;ehIy )aneBalsresIrRBHFm’dUecñHfa
bBiRtRBHGgÁd¾ceRmIn c,as;eBkNas; bBiRtRBHGgÁ
d¾ceRmIn c,as;eBkNas; bBiRtRBHGgÁd¾ceRmIn dUcbuKÁl
p¶arnUvrbs;Edlpáab; b¤ebIknUvrbs;EdlkM)aMg BuMenaHesat
dUcbuKÁlR)ab;pøÚvdl;mnusSGñkvegVgTis b¤eRTalnUvRbTIb
bMPøWkñúgTIggåt edayKitfa mnusSGñkmanEPñk rEmgeXIjrUb
TaMgLay)an y:agNamij Fm’EdlRBHd¾manRBHPaKRTg;
Rtas;sEmþgehIy edayGenkbriyay k¾y:agenaHEdr .
bTfa GPikánþM EdlERbfa c,as;eBkNas; eRBaH
bBa¢ak;R)ab;ehtuénesckþIeRtkGr esckþIeBjcitþd¾éRkElg
kalEdl)ansþab;yl;ehIy Cakar)anTTYlnUvRBHFmμrtn³
Cartn³d¾víessGs©arü . RBHFm’eTsnarbs;RBHd¾man-
RBHPaK KYrsþab;Bit² GñkEdl)ansþab;RBHFm’eTsnarbs;

-85-
RBHd¾manRBHPaKyl;c,as;ehIy rEmgmanesckþIrIkray
RCHføakñúgcitþt]bma eRBaHfa mYysgSarvdþmkehIy min
Edl)andågkarBitdUecñHeLIy .
GñkEdlPøWsVageXIjFm’Bit rEmgeBalsresIrRBH-
Fm’eTsna eday]bma 4 y:ag manesckþIGFib,aydUcteTA
1- nikáúC¢ítM va ]káúeC¢yü dUcbuKÁlp¶arnUvrbs;Edl
páab; .
nikáúC¢ítM = rbs;Edlpáab;muxcuHeRkam .
]káúeC¢yü = Kb,IeFVImux[p¶areLIgelI .
buKÁlEdlminTan;)ansþab;Fm’yl; rEmgpáab;muxkñúg
Fm’rbs;Gsb,úrs páab;kñúg)abFm’ páab;muxkñúgPB . dl;
eBl)ansþab;yl;GMBIFm’Bit EdlRBHBuT§RTg;Rtas;sEmþg
rEmgtaMgenAkñúgRBHsT§mμKWeBaFibkçiyFm’ 37 Rbkar man
stib,dæan 4 CaedÍm .
2- bdícänñM va viveryü b¤dUcCabuKÁlebIknUvrbs;
EdlkM)aMg .
bdícänñM = rbs;EdlbiTTuky:agkM)aMg .

-86-
viveryü = ebIknUvrbs;EdlbiTTukenaH .
taMgGMBIRBHsasnaénRBHBuT§ksSb³Gs;eTA Fm’Bit
kñúgelakTaMg 6 manelakEPñkCaedÍm RtÚvbiTedayGtþanuTidæí
CítQwg . luHdl;RBHBuT§)anRtas; RbkasFm’Bit KWCÍvít
ral;éf¶enHÉg CaFm’EdlGaRs½ybc©½y Cabrmtß CaGntþa-
Fm’ CaFm’EdlRBHGgÁRTg;Rtas;[dåg .
3- mULsS va mKÁM Gaciekçyü BuMenaHesat dUc
buKÁlR)ab;pøÚvdl;mnusSGñkvegVgTis .
stib,dæan 4 CapøÚvEtmYyecjBIEdndÍrbs;mar Gñk
bdíbtþidågRKb;GgÁRKb;Kña edayxøÜnÉg . eRkAGMBIpøÚvenaH
suT§EtCapøÚvmar ecjminrYcCadac;xat KWfa ebIkñúgelakTaMg
6 manelakEPñkCaedÍm minmanFm’BitCabrmtßR)akdeT etI
dUcemþcnwgdågfa elaksUnü ehIyeFVIdUcemþcedÍm,IGacdk
GtþanuTidæíecj)an .
GtþanuTidæí KWCatYnamFm’mYyEbb EdlEtgEtRbkan;fa
xøÜneyIgeXIj xøÜneyIgB¤ xøÜneyIgFuMkøin xøÜneyIgdågrs xøÜn
eyIgdågepadæBV³ dågekþAdågRtCak; KWRbkan;CaxøÜnÉgmñak;
ð

-87-
Rbkan;TaMgcitþKit Rbkan;TaMgrUbrag Rbkan;TaMgFatudåg KW
suT§EtCaxøÜnÉgTaMgGs; .
pøÚvKWstib,dæan 4 )aneFVI[rlt;rlaynUvGtþanuTidæí
edayGaRs½ykarrlwkdåg karsikSaerOy²nUvbrmtßsuT§² Ca
Fm’EdlmanBit² tamTVarTaMg 6 . GtþanuTidæí RtÚvdkdac;TaMg
b£sedayesatabtþimKÁ .
4- Gn§kaer va etlb,eC¢atM Faeryü ckçúmenþa
rU)ani TkçnþIti b¤eRTalnUvRbTIbbMPøWkñúgTIggåt edayKitfa
mnusSGñkmanEPñk rEmgeXIjrUbTaMgLay)an .
emah³KWGvíC¢a mansPaBggåtd¾éRkElg biT)aMgRBH-
sasna biT)aMgnUvRBHFm’Bit nig biT)aMgKuNRBHrtnéRt .
RBHFm’eTsna rbs;RBHd¾manRBHPaK )ankm©at;bg;
nUvPaBggåt eFVI[Gñksþab;sÁal;RBHsasnarbs;RBHGgÁ )an
dågtamRBHGgÁnUvFm’Bit EdlRBHGgÁsEmþg[dåg )aneXIj
c,as;nUvrtn³TaMg 3 . ¬sUmGñksikSaRtÜtemIlkñúgbidkelx
29/ TMB½r 190 RBmedayGdækfa ¦ .
3

-88-
25- smñak;bdíbtþiFm’
3
enAkñúgRBHéRtbidkminmansmñak;bdíbtþiFm’eT manEt
vtþRBHsgÇ nig kEnøgepSg²eTotEdlRBHsgÇKg;caMvsSa .
])ask ])asikasuT§EtenApÞHTaMgGs; edayeRcInCa
RBHGriybuKÁl dUcCaenAnKrmKF³ GgÁ³ savtßI BaraNsI
CaedÍm . RKhsßTaMgenaH eTAvtþfVayTandl;sgÇ nig
sþab;RBHFm’eTsnatamkal ebIéf¶]e)asfsIl ])askxøH
enAvtþmYyyb;sþab;RBHefr³snÞnaFm’ .
eyIgminGacnwkRcLMfa bufuC¢nmansT§a sIl sut³
caK³ bBaØa esμInwgRBHGriybuKÁleLIy kuMcaM)ac;eBaldl;fa
RKan;ebICagenaH . sm½ysBVéf¶ Casm½yénRBHsT§mμFøak;
cuH bufuC¢nykkarbdíbtþixus mksmÁal;faxøÜnÉgRbesIr
y:agenHmYy y:agenaHmYy .
RKhsßGacmkrs;enACu¿KñatamkEnøgNamYy kñúgvtþ b¤
kñúgGaRsm edaymü:agedÍm,IeronFm’nigmü:ageTotKWCacMNUl
citþkñúgkEnøgenaH² ÉcMENkTItaMgénFm’bdíbtþiBitR)akd KW

-89-
sPavFm’EdlekItman EdlkMBugR)akdkñúgelak 6 man
elakEPñkRtecokCaedÍm .
RsúkExμreyIgCaedÍm RKhsßniymesøókBak;BN’s
ekarsk; ekarBukmat; Bukcgáa enAkñúgsmñak;bdíbtþiFm’ enH
Cakarniymkan;ykrbs;eRbIR)as; b¤semøókbMBak;EdlesA-
hμgCaRbmaN ¬lUxb,maN¦ bu:EnþebIkan;ykFm’CaRbmaN
víj ¬Fmμb,maN ¦ KWdågFm’BitEdlCaCÍvítRbRktI cb;erOg
TaMgGs; enHCaFm’bdíbtþiecjcakelak .
smñak;bdíbtþiFm’sBVéf¶ [témø b¤[Gtßn½yxøwmsar
cMeBaHsmaFi EdlCaRbmuxénvíbsSna TaMgmankarGHGag
fa ebImineFVIsmaFieT ceRmInvíbsSnamin)aneLIy . Bakü
GHGagenH minmankñúgRBHéRtbidkeT BuT§bris½TsikSaehIy
yl;RcLMxøÜnÉg .
sUmBuT§bris½TRCabGMBIRbeyaCn_énsmaFi ³
- smaFi CabTdæanrbs;bBaØa KWsmaFidUcCaCÍdak;
d¿NaM cMENkbBaØadågnamrUb dUcCad¿NaM EdlmanBUCduHGMBI
stib,dæan 4 .
- bBaØaEdlGb;rMedaysmaFi rEmgmanpleRcIn man

-90-
GanisgSd¾eRcIn KWmann½ydUcBaküfa smaFiCabTdæanrbs;
bBaØaEdr . sUmkuMePøcfa CamYynwgstib,dæan k¾mannUv
smμasmaFiEdr smaFienH rEmgGb;rM[ceRmInnUvvíbsSna
x<s;eLIg²edayBit .
- sIl smaFi bBaØakñúgKm<IrvísuT§imKÁ KWCakarRbmUl
rYbrYmFm’EdlCapøÚvd¾brisuT§kñúgRBHBuT§sasna manelakiy
manelakutþr .
- smfvíbsSna KWCakarse®gÁaHGriymKÁGgÁ 8 )an
dl; smμaTidæí nig smμasgáb,³ se®gÁaHkñúgvíbsSna enAGgÁ
mKÁ 6 eTot se®gÁaHkñúgsmf³ . mü:ageTot smf³ GgÁFm’
KWÉkKÁtaectsik sm,yutþCamYynwgbBaØaelakiy nig
bBaØaelakutþrCaedÍm .
RBHd¾manRBHPaK RTg;Rtas;stib,dæan minEmn
smaFib,dæaneT EdlCapøÚveTAkan;RBHniBVanenaH . GarmμN_
énstifñak;stib,dæan KWFm’EdlmanBitRsab;² GaRs½y
bc©½yekIteLIg Gt;sagGarmμN_GVIepSgeTotTaMgGs; RKan;Et
b®Ba©asBItNðaRtLb;mkdl;Fm’bc©úb,nñ k¾RtÚvbBa©b;Parkic©
eBalKWlHnUvGPisgçar tamlMdab;énGriymKÁ .

-91-
smaFi mü:ag manGanisgS[enACasuxkñúgbc©úb,nñ
edayGMNacénQansmabtþi . smaFimü:ageTot [seRmc
b£T§iGPiBaØaepSg². mü:ageTot Ca]bkar³[cUlnieraFsma-
btþi sRmab;RBHGnaKamI nig RBHGrhnþ . ebIminEmnCa
RBHGrhnþeT smaFi[bdísn§ikñúgRBhμelak edayGMNac
rUbCÄan nig GrUbCÄan .
smaFi Edlerobrab;mkxagelIenH KWsmμasmaFiCa
mhKÁtkusl . enAkñúgbidk mansEmþgmicäasmaFipgEdr
EdlCamicäamKÁ )andl;ÉkKÁtaectsikEdlekItkñúgGkusl-
citþ manelaPmUlcitþCaedÍm . karceRmInsmμasmaFieTA)an
KWGaRs½ystism,CBaØ³fñak;smf³ dåglkçN³éncitþs¶b;raK³
eTas³ emah³ ebImindåglkçN³éncitþs¶b;eT ceRmInsmμa-
smaFimin)aneLIy .
smμasmaFiCabTdæanénvíbsSna KWsmμasmaFién
buKÁlEdlmanRbRktIceRmInstib,dæan .
3

-92-
26- smñak;bdíbtþiFm’ ¬t¦
3
Tak;TgnwgerOgr:avxøH dUcCaerOgRBHPikçútucäe)adæíl³
elakRTRTg;RBHéRtbidk RBmTaMgGdækfa kñúgsasnaén
RBHBuT§ 7 GgÁ KWtaMgGMBIRBHBuT§víbsSImk . elakbeRgóndl;
Pikçú 500 GgÁ rhUtdl;eTA 18 KN³FM² . eTaHCay:agenH
k¾eday RBHbrmsasþa enARtas;ehAelakfa PikçúKm<IrTeT .
elakekItsegVK eTIbcUleTAkan;éRBehIyeFVIsmNFm’>>>.
eRBaHehtumanerOgdUcCaRBHPikçútucäe)adæíl³ CaedÍm
y:agenH eTIbBuT§bris½TeyIg Edlmin)anBicarNasBVRKb;
k¾cat;EcgEckkEnøg nig EckeBlKña cMeBaHFm’TaMgBIr KW
briytþiFm’ nig bdíbtþiFm’ . BuT§bris½T)anCaePøcKitfa enH
Ca]bnisS½yénbuKÁlerog²xøÜn RBHexmk³ RBHsarIbutþCaedÍm
seRmcRBHGrhtþenATINa eBlNa KWBuT§bris½TRtÚvsikSa
[sBVRKb; eTIbGacRsavRCavrkeXIjnUvtYbdíbtþiFm’Bit
R)akd .
kñúgbidkelx 29 TMB½r 84 eCtvnsURt GnafbiNÐik-

-93-
eTvbuRteBalfa
vtþeCtBnenH Cavtþ manRbeyaCn_ EdlBYksIKWPikçú
sgÇKg;enAmindac; CavtþEdlRBHsm<úT§CaFmμraC RTg;Kg;
enA CaTIjúaMgbIti[ekItdl;´RBHGgÁ .
stVTaMgLay rEmgbrisuT§edayKuNFm’TaMg 5 BYk
enH KW kmμ)andl;mKÁectna viC¢a )andl;smμaTidæí nig
smμasgáb,³ Fmμ )andl;smμavayam³ smμasti nig smμa-
smaFi sIl )andl;smμavaca nig smμakmμnþ³ CÍvitmutþmM
¬CÍvítd¾]tþm ¦ )andl;smμaGaCÍeva stVTaMgLay minEmn
brisuT§edayRtkUl b¤edayRTBüeLIy .
eRBaHehtuenaH bursCabNÐit kalebIeXIjc,as;
nUvRbeyaCn_rbs;xøÜn KYrEtBicarNanUvFm’TaMg 5 BYkxag
edÍmenaH edayeyaniesa eRBaHkalebIBicarNaehIy
rEmgbrisuT§kñúgFm’TaMg 5 BYkenaH edayRbkardUecñHÉg .
RBHsarIbutþEtmYyGgÁb:ueNÑaH CabuKÁlRbesIreday
bBaØapg edaysIlpg edaykars¶b;rMgab;pg PikçúNaCaGñk
dl;nUveRtIy PikçúenaH k¾manRBHsarIbutþhñwgÉg CakMBUl .
eTvbutþ CaRBHGriybuKÁl )aneBalGMBIRbeyaCn_Bit²

-94-
KW GriymKÁGgÁ 8 EdlKb,IBicarNaeday])ay ¬eyaniesa
vícien FmμM ¦ . kalEdlBicarNaeday])aynaM[ekItbBaØa
ehIy rEmgbrisuT§kñúgGriymKÁenaH y:agenHÉg ¬Év¿ ttß
vísuCÄti ¦ .
minEmnsþab;ehIy RtÚvEteCOedaytBicarNaenaH
eT RtÚvmanehtumanpl BicarNaFm’edayeyaniesa Edl
Ca])aynaM[eXIjkarBit .
pl RtÚvEtRtg;CamYyehtu ebIfapl KWCakarlHbg;
kiels lHbg;karmindåg lHbg;karyl;xus lHbg;kar
sgS½ykñúgnamrUbEdlkMBugR)akd KWRtÚvlHbg;eRBaHehtudåg
c,as;lkçN³énFm’Bit EdlkMBugman kMBugR)akdkñúgTVar
TaMg 6 TVarNamYyhñwgÉg . RBHd¾manRBHPaKRTg;Rtas;fa
stib,dæan 4 CapøÚvEtmYy Edl[seRmcnUvGriymKÁGgÁ 8
¬jaysS GFiKmay ¦ enHCaehtuCaplEdlRtÚvBicarNa[
Cak;c,as;xøÜnÉg .
stirlwkdåglkçN³énsPavFm’CaFm’Bit minEmnrg;-
caMeBlenH eBlenaH ehIyk¾minerIsGarmμN_pgEdr eRsc
ehIyEtbc©úb,nñCaFm’Bit kusl Gkusl GBüaRkwt Fm’

-95-
TaMgGs;enaH² R)akdCabrmtß CaGarmμN_énkarminxVl;nwg
xøÜnÉg .
BuT§bris½T sikSaBuT§b,vtþi RCabGMBIPikçú 5 GgÁCad¿bUg
bnÞab;mkKWRBHyssmøaj;RBHysPTÞvKÁiy30GgÁburaN-
CdílPikçú 1 Ban;GgÁ RKhsßdl;RBHBuT§ RBHFm’ RBHsgÇmun
eK nig RKhsßCag 10 muWnnak;CamYynwgRBH)aTBim<isar
enAtalvnCítRkúgraCRKwH suT§EtseRmcmKÁplkñúgeBl
sþab;RBHFm’TaMgGs; .
RBhμ 18 ekadí CamYynwgRBHGBaØaekaNÐBaØ³ enAéRB
sibtnmiKTayvn . kñúgeBlcb;GnuemaTnaedaytierakuDÐ-
sURt stV 84 Ban; . kñúgsmaKmrbs;naysumnmalakar
RkúgraCRKwH stV 84 Ban; . kñúúgerOgd¿rInaLaKirI stV 10
Ban; . kñúgsmaKménxTirgÁarCatk stV 84 Ban; . kñúg
smaKménCm<úkaCÍvk stV 84 Ban; . enAkñúgsmaKmén
GannÞesdæÍ stV 84 Ban; . kñúgéf¶sEmþg)araynsURt enA
)asaNkectiy stV 14 ekadí . kñúgéf¶sEmþgymkb,a-
díharü stV 20 ekadí . kalRBHbrmsasþa Kg;Rbfab;
elIbNÐúkm<lsilasn³ kñúgPBtavtþigS RTg;júaMgRBHvrmata
½
½

-96-
[CakayskçI sEmþgRBHGPiFmμ 7 Km<Ir stV 80 Ban;ekadí.
kñúgéf¶esþcyagcakGMBIeTvelak stV 30 ekadí . kñúg
skábBaðsURt eTvta 80 Ban;GgÁ . kñúgrtnsURt naRkúg
evsalI stV 84 Ban; ral;²éf¶ rhUt 7 éf¶ RBHGgÁRTg;
Kg;enARkúgevsalIGs;knøHEx . kñúgRBHsURtTaMg 4 enH KW
mhasmysURt 1 mgÁlsURt 1 cULrahuelavaTsURt 1
nig smcitþbdíbTasURt 1 kñúgRBHsURtmYy² suT§EtkMNt;
cMnYnstVEdlseRmcmKÁplmin)an .
cMnYnstVKWTaMgmnusS TaMgeTvta TaMgRBhμ erobrab;
mkCaedÍmbu:eNÑH KWsuT§Et)anseRmcmKÁplkñúgeBlsþab;
RBHFm’eTsnaTaMgGs;.RBHd¾manRBHPaKRtas;dågCaRBHBuT§
edÍm,ICaRbeyaCn_ edÍm,IesckþIsux dl;BBYkCneRcIn RBHGgÁ
RTg;GnueRKaHdl;mnusS nig eTvtaTaMgT,ay y:agenHÉg .
3

-97-
27- Fur³2y:agkñúgRBHBuT§sasna
3
RBHckçú)aletßr³ manRbvtþixagedÍm kñúgkarcUlkan;
pñÜs KWenAeBlEdlb¥ÚnkMBugEtyMenaHÉg k¾)aneTAkan;
smñak;RBHbrmsasþaehIyTUlsUmbYs . kal)anbBVC¢a
]bsm,TaehIy enAkñúgsmñak;RBHGacarü nig RBH]bCÄay_
RKb; 5 vsSa )anTUlsYrRBHbrmsasþafa bBiRtRBHGgÁ
d¾ceRmIn kñúgRBHsasnaenH manFur³b:unμany:ag RBHGgÁ ?
RBHbrmsasþaRTg;Rtas;fa mñalPikçú Fur³manRtwmEt
2 y:ag KW KnßFur³ nig víbsSnaFur³ Etb:ueNÑaH.
RBHmha)al¬1¦
)anTUlsYrCabnþfa bBiRtRBHGgÁ
d¾ceRmIn etIKnßFur³enaHdUcemþc ehIyvíbsSnaFur³enaH dUc
emþcEdr ?
RBHd¾manRBHPaKRTg;Rtas;fa Fur³enH KW kareron
nikaymYykþI nikayBIrkþIb¤cb;nUvRBHBuT§vcn³ ¬RBHéRtbidk ¦kþI
tamsmKYrdl;bBaØarbs;xøÜnehIyRTRTg;caMTuk sEmþgR)ab;
1- mund¿bUgRBHnam mha)al eRkaymkeTIbmanRBHnamfa ckçú)al. FmμbTdækfa .

-98-
beRgón)annUvRBHBuT§vcn³enaH enHeQμaHfa KnßFur³ .
cMENkkarceRmIneLIgehIynUvvíbsSnaerOy² edayGMNac
énkarCab;tKña taMgTukehIykñúgkarGs;eTA sUnüeTAén
GtþPaB kan;yknUvRBHGrhtþénPikçúGñkRbRBwtþRsal mankar
eRtkGrd¾éRkElgehIykñúgesnasn³d¾s¶at; enHeQμaHfa
víbsSnaFur³ ¬ sløhukvutþiena bn bnþesnasnaPirtsS
GtþPaev xyvyM bdæebtVa satc©kiriyavesn víbsSM veDÆtVa
GrhtþKÁhNnþi TM víbsSnaFurM namati ¦ .
BuT§bris½TeyIgCaTUeTA eRBaHkan;yknUvvíbsSnaFur³
dUecñHehIy eTIbbegÍátkEnøgeFVIvíbsSna edayeRcIn KWeFVIEbb
smaFinaMmux . ebIBuT§bris½T RtÚvkareFVIvíbsSna KWRtÚveTA
kEnøgenaH² ehIyRtÚverobcMGVI² tamrebobrbbkñúgkEnøg
nImYy²enaHÉg .
sUmBuT§bris½TBicarNadUcteTA ³
1- etIeTAeFVIvíbsSnaenaHedaycitþGVI .
2-etIGVICavíbsSna .
3-GVIEdlnaM[seRmcnUvGriymKÁGgÁ 8 Rbkar .
cMNucTI1-sUmBuT§bris½TRCabfa karN_EdlRBHbrm-

-99-
sasþaRtas;víbsSnaFur³ dl;RBHmha)al GMBIkarRbRBwtþ
Rsal nig karenAkñúgTIesnasn³d¾s¶at; eRBaHRBHmha)al
CaGñkbYsRsab; RBHGgÁRTg;RCab]bnisS½yRBHGrhtþpl
rbs;elak eTIbRTg;Rtas;dUecñH .
minEmnTal;EtenAéRB b¤¤TIenH TIenaH eTIbceRmIn
víbsSna)anenaHeLIy.RBHemXiyetßr³enAbeRmIRBHGgÁman
citþcg;eTAbMeBjBüayamenAéRBsVay d¾s¶b;s¶at;mYykEnøg
Ek,rmat;sÞwgkimikaLa RBHbrmsasþa RTg;Rtas;ham 2 dg
ehIyenAEtminsþab; luHdl;elIkTI 3 RBHGgÁRTg;GnuBaØat
eRBaHkuM[manKMnityl;xusmkrkRBHGgÁfa « RBHd¾manRBH-
PaKminGnuBaØat[eyIgeTA eRBaHbMNg[eyIgCaGñkbeRmI »
KMnitenH naMmknUvesckþITukçGs;kalCaGEgVgdl;RBHemXi-
yetßr³ .
BuT§bris½T emIlkñúgbidkelx 52 Km<Ir]Tan emXi-
yvKÁ emXiysURt kalEdlRBHemXiyetßr³ nimnþeTAkan;
TIs¶b;s¶at;edÍm,IbMeBjesckþIBüayam elakRtLb;eTACaman
Gkuslvítkásn§wksn§ab;RKbsgát;citþ elakminGacTb;Tl;
)an eTIbRtLb;mkrkRBHd¾manRBHPaKvíj .

-100-
RBHbrmsasþa RTg;RCab]bnisS½ystV RBHGgÁRTg;
Rtas;cMeBaHRBHemXiyetßr³ nUvFm’ 5 Rbkar rEmgRbRBwtþeTA
edÍm,IjúaMgecetavímutþi[cas;køa . 5 RbkarenaH KW
¬1¦- CaGñkmanmitþl¥kñúgFm’vín½y .
¬2¦- mansIl sRgÜmkñúgRBH)atiemakç dl;RBmeday
Gacar nig eKacr manRbRktIeXIjP½ykñúgeTasTaMgLay
sUm,ImanRbmaNtictYc smaTansikSakñúgsikçabTTaMg-
Lay .
¬3 ¦- )antamR)afña )anedayminlM)ak )aneday
gay nUvkfaEdlmansPaBy:agenH KW eBalBIkarR)afñatic
eBalBIsenþas eBalBIvíevk eBalBIkarminRcbUkRcbl;
eBalBIBüayam eBalBIsIl eBalBIsmaFi eBalBIbBaØa
eBalBIkarrYcput nig eBalBIjaNTsSn³dågBIkarrYcput .
kfaTaMg 10 y:agenH CakfapUrpg; CaTIsb,ayTUlaycitþ
RbRBwtþeTA edÍm,IesckþIenOyNayEtmü:ag edÍm,IR)ascak
teRmkedÍm,Irlt;edÍm,Is¶b;rMgab;edÍm,IdågcMeBaH edÍm,IRtas;-
dåg edÍm,IRBHniBVan.
¬4¦- CaGñkR)arB§Büayam edÍm,IlHGkuslFm’TaMg-

-101-
Lay edÍm,IjúaMgkuslFm’TaMgLay[ekIteLIg CaGñkman
kmøaMg manesckþIRbwgERbgmaMmYn mindak;Fur³kñúgkuslFm’
TaMgLay .
¬5¦- manbBaØa RbRBwtþeTAkñúgesckþIdågkarekIteLIg
nig sUnüeTA CabBaØad¾RbesIr CaeRKÓgTmøúHTmøaykiels
RbRBwtþeTAedÍm,IGs;TukçedayRbéB .
Fm’TaMg 5 RbkarenH RBHd¾manRBHPaKRTg;Rtas;Fm’
TI 1 KWkarmanmitþl¥ mansmøaj;l¥ EbreTArkmitþl¥ faCa
Rbmux CaehtunaM[manFm’ 4 RbkartmkeRkayeTot .
RBHd¾manRBHPaK RTg;Rtas;Cabnþfa
mñalemXiy³mYyeTot PikçúenaH taMgenAkñúgFm’ 5
y:agenHehIy Kb,IceRmInFm’ 4 Rbkar [éRkElgeLIgeTot
KWceRmInGsuP edÍm,IlHraK³ 1 ceRmInemtþa edÍm,IlHBüa)aT
1 ceRmInGana)aNsSti edÍm,Ipþac;bg;vítká 1 ceRmInGnic©-
sBaØa edÍm,IdkGsμimanH 1 . mñalemXiy³ eRBaHfa kal
PikçúNamanesckþIsmÁal;fa mineTogehIy GntþsBaØarEmg
taMgenAkñúgPikçúenaH PikçúEdlmannUvGntþsBaØa rEmgdknUv
GsμimanH eQμaHfa dl;RBHniBVankñúgbc©úb,nñ .

-102-
kñúgbidkelx 56/ TMB½r 157 RBHemXiyetßr³)an
eBal 1 KafaknøHdUecñHfa
Gnusasi mhavIera sBVFmμan )arKU
tsSahM FmμM sutVan vihasw snþiek reta
tiesSa viC¢a Gnub,tþa ktM BuT§sS sasnnþi .
RBHsm<úT§CamhavÍrburs RBHGgÁdl;nUveRtIyénFm’
TaMgBYg RTg;eRbónRbedAehIy ´)ansþab;Fm’rbs;RBHGgÁ
CaGñkeRtkGrenAkñúgsmñak;rbs;RBHGgÁ éRtvíC¢a´)andl;
ehIy RBHBuT§sasna´k¾)aneFVIehIy .
RBHGdækfaBnül;esckþIkñúg)aTénKafa vihasw
snþiek reta dUecñHfa eyIgRtÚvmicäavítkáRKbsgát;citþehIy
kñúgGm<vn )anRtLb;mkkan;calikavíhar smñak;enAkñúg
TICítRBHbrmsasþaenaHÉg . bTfa reta Gdækfa fa
seta ERbfa mansti GFib,ayfa minRbmaTehIy eday
karceRmInsmf³ nig víbsSna .
BuT§bris½T sþab;RBHFm’yl;GMBITItaMgrbs;víbsSna KW
Fm’BitCabrmtßkñúgelak 6 ÉcMENkvíbsSnaceRmIneLIg
½

-103-
erOy² eRBaHstifñak;stib,dæanrlwk)an Tl;KñanwgFm’Edl
manBitkMBugR)akd minmantYxøÜnkñúgelakenHeT dUecñH KMnit
EdlKitfanwgeTAeFVIvíbsSnaTIenH TIenaH minmaneLIy. kar
EdlenACaRKhsß b¤cUlkan;pñÜs bMNgeTAenAkEnøgNa²
suT§EterOgGFüaRs½ymYyedayELk erog²xøÜn.
BuT§bris½T eTAeFVIvíbsSna)anEmnb¤ ? etImYysgSar-
vdþenH eyIgeFVIGVI)anxøH? eFVIeXIjeFVIB¤)aneT ? eFVIkuslFm’
eFVIsux[xøÜnÉg)anEmnb¤ ? cuHGkuslFm’ nig TukçevTna
xøÜnÉgeFVI[xøÜnÉg b¤GñkNaeFVI[ ? mü:ageTot EdlKit
faxøÜneyIgGñkeFVIenaH etIxøÜneyIghñwgCaGVIEdr ?
tamBit eRBaHmin)anRCabfa Fm’BitmanCaRbRktI
nig eRBaHmin)andågGMBIFm’TaMgLayekIteLIg edayGaRs½y
bc©½y eTIbxVl;nwgxøÜnÉgdUecñH .
manBuT§bris½Tmñak; Kat;eBalCMTas;tamEbbcMGkfa
«mincaM)ac;eTAeFVIvíbsSnaeLIy caM[ehtunaMmKÁplmk[».
vaCaerOgbiT)aMgedayPaBggåtd¾éRkElg sRmab;stVelak
eyIgEdlminTan;ecHdåg niyaycuH niyayeLIg vaenAEt
CakarxVl;nwgxøÜnÉgdEdl dUcBaküEdlfa « caM[ehtunaM

-104-
mKÁplmk[ ».
kar)andågFm’BitEdlCaCÍvítRbRktI dågfaGVI²suT§Et
manehtu manbc©½y bgÁab;bBa¢amin)an TamTarmin)an TaMg
EdlCaFm’minKYrRbkan;xVl;GVITaMgGs; eRBaHfa Fm’EdlekIt
GMBIehtuminmanxøÜnÉgeT RKan;EtCaplrbs;ehtub:ueNÑaH.
karEdl)andågc,as;dUecñH BitCaminxVl;nwgxøÜnÉg edaykar
rg;caMehtunaMmKÁplmkRbKl;[enaHeLIy. karEdlminxVl;
nwgxøÜnÉgenH Cakars¶b;esckþIRbkan; CaFm’l¥it mingay
nwgyl;dågtamBit)aneT.
RBHsarIbutþ)anseRmcesatabtiþpl eRBaH)ansþab;
Baküfa Fm’TaMgLayNa ekIteLIgGMBIehtu RBHtfaKt
RTg;Rtas;sEmþgnUvehtuénFm’TaMgLayenaH.
BuT§bris½T GacKitfa «ebImineFVIvíbsSnaeT eFVIem:c
)andågfa Fm’TaMgLayekItGMBIehtu ». KMnitenH edaysar
min)andågfa GVICatYvíbsSna dUecñH sUmBuT§bris½TBicarNa
teTAcMNucTI 2 eTot .
cMNucTI 2 - etIGVICavíbsSna . víbsSna KWPaBPøWsVag
km©at;emah³ dågc,as;nUvGVIEdlekItman kMBugR)akd TaMg

-105-
dågkarekIteLIg nig karrlt;eTAvíjénsgçarelaktamBit .
smdUcRBHKafa kñúgPeTÞkrtþsURt¬1¦
RBHGgÁsEmþgenAeTv-
elak CacenøaH²énRBHGPiFmμ júaMgeTvta[seRmcmKÁpl
d¾eRcIn RBHKafaenaHKW
bc©úb,nñBa© eya FmμM ttß ttß vibsSti
GsMhrM Gsgáúb,M tM viT§a mnuRBÚhey.
buKÁlNa eXIjc,as;nUvFm’Cabc©úb,nñ edaykarmin
resmrsam minkeRmIkkñúgFm’enaH²)an buKÁlenaH Kb,I
ceRmInnUvvíbsSnaenaHÉgerOy² rhUtdl;manRBHniBVanCa
GarmμN_énplsmabtiþ .
bTfa ttß ttß edayesckþIfa buKÁlcUldl;Fm’Ca
bc©úb,nñkñúgFm’Na² eXIjc,as;nUvFm’enaH edayGnubsSna
7 y:ag manGnic©anubsSnaCaedÍm kñúgFm’enaH². mü:ageTot
buKÁleXIjc,as;nUvFm’enaH² kñúgTITaMgBYg eTaHCaenAkñúg
éRBk¾eday kñúgRsúkk¾eday zanmnusSk¾eday zaneTvta
k¾eday zanRBhμk¾eday .
1- bidkelx 28 TMB½rxagedÍm.
i

-106-
RBHd¾manRBHPaKRTg;sEmþg GsMhrM KWbuKÁlmin
resmrsamkñúgFm’Cabc©úb,nñ edaykarminmannUvskáayTidæí
kñúgxn§ 5 .
BuT§bris½T RbEhlCaminyl;RcLMfa eTvta 80 Ban;
ekadíGgÁ sþab;Fm’GPiFmμenAzantavtþigS KWeronEtbriytþi
Gt;bdíbtþi Gt;ceRmInvíbsSna enaHeLIy eRBaHeTvta
TaMgenaH )anesayGRmwtrs kñúgeBlsþab;RBHFm’d¾Gs©arü
enaHÉg .
BuT§bris½TeyIg rvl;Et)ak;citþeCOtam²Kña b¤yl;xus
edayxøÜgÉgfa ceRmInvíbsSna KWTal;EteyIgeTAeFVI man
kEnøg maneBl ehIyTal;Ets¶at; ceRmInsmaFiBicarNa
namrUbekItrlt; dUecñHCaedÍm . BuT§bris½T min)andåg
Tal;EtesaHfa víbsSnaceRmIn)anRKb;eBlevla eBl
niyayKña eBlsþab;Fm’ b¤eBlkMBugsEmþgFm’ TaMgEdl
CaeBlseRmcmKÁpl)aneTotpg eRBaHGVIEdl[víbsSna
ceRmInenaH KWstirlwkdågTan;nUvFm’EdlmanBit EdlkMBug
R)akd minEmndUcKMnitEdlKitxusfa xøÜneyIgCaGñkceRmIn
víbsSnaenaHeT . cab;taMgBIsþab;RBHFm’yl;GMBIkarBitmk
i

-107-
stib,dæanman»kasekItRKb;eBlevla eRscehIyEtkar
Gb;rM®nÞiyTn;xI© b¤cas;køa Edlnwg[GriymKÁGgÁ 8 Rbkar
ekIteLIg .
cMNucTI 3 - GIVEdlnaM[seRmcnUvGriymKÁGgÁ 8 .
KWkarceRmIneLIgerOy²nUvstib,dæanvíbsSna eTaHCaeBal
fa ceRmInsmfvíbsSnak¾)an b¤eBalfa Gb;rMsIlsmaFi
bBaØak¾)anEdr b:uEnþRtÚv[yl;fasmfvíbsSnakþI sIlsmaFi
bBaØakþI GaRs½ykarceRmInnUvstib,dæan 4 TaMgGs; eRBaH
kñúgRBHsasnaenH Gt;manGñkNa)anseRmcmKÁpl eday
min)andågFm’Bitkñúgelak 6 eLIy ÉFm’Bitkñúgelak 6 enH
KWCastib,dæan 4 )andl; kay evTna citþ Fm’ hñwgÉg.
manmtiedaHRsayedaykarpSgeRBgmYyfa sm½y
RBHGgÁKg;RBHCnμenA eKRKan;Etsþab;Fm’)anseRmcmKÁpl
EmnehIy b:uEnþLÚvenHebIeyIgminxMeFVIFm’eT etIbdíbtþiFm’
y:agem:ceTA .
enHCaKMnitpSgeRBgRbfuyRbfan sμan² nig tam²
Kña. karGb;rMGriymKÁ dUcCakaredÍrpøÚv minEmnsμan²eTAenaH
eT RtÚvEt[c,as;las; ebIRBHd¾manRBHPaKRTg;Rtas;fa

-108-
stib,dæan 4 CapøÚvmUlEtmYy edÍm,ICak;c,as;nUvRBHniBVan
KWRtÚvEtxMeron xMsþab;[yl; etIstib,dæan 4 manenAeBl
Na. kalebIsikSayl;c,as;faenHCapøÚvecjcakTukç ehIy
manEtpøÚvmYyenHÉg sUm,IEtRBHd¾manRBHPaKk¾RBHGgÁRTg;
yagtampøÚvenHEdr RKan;EtRBHd¾manRBHPaKRTg;GaRs½ynUv
eyaniesamnsikarEtmü:ag cMENksavkRtÚvGaRs½ykar
sþab;[yl;GMBIpøÚvmYyenH eTIbbdíbtþiFm’ceRmIneLIg)an
dUecñHehIy erOgrs;enATINa kEnøgNa CaerOgGFüaRs½y
nig ]bnisS½yedayELk Gt;manRbkan;kñúgkic©bdíbtþieT.
manBuT§bris½TeyIg yl;xuskñúgRbFanbTKWFur³ 2
y:agenHÉg KWEtgyl;fa rvl;Eteronbriytiþ eBlNaeTIb
bdíbtþi . karyl;enH edaysarmanerOgr:avxøH dUcCaerOg
RBHckçú)al erOgRBHtucäe)adæíl³ b¤k¾erOgRBHmhasIv³Edl
mansisSmYyGgÁCaRBHGrhnþ )aneBaldl;elakfa elak
Gacarürvl; rkEteBlsøab;Kμan CaedÍm. erOgTaMgGs;enH
ykmkRbkan;fa Tal;EtQb;sikSabriytþi b¤Qb;beRgón
briytþidl;GñkdéT eTIbGacbMeBjvíbsSnaFur³)an karRbkan;
dUecñHÉg EdlnaM[RBHsT§mμsabsUnü .
½

-109-
kñúgerOgRBH])alI ÉtTKÁ³xagRBHvín½y ¬1¦
BuT§bris½T
Kb,IRCab KWkalEdlelakbBVC¢a]bsm,TaehIy )anTTYl
yknUvRBHkmμdæankñúgsmñak;énRBHbrmsasþa ehIyeBalfa
bBiRtRBHGgÁd¾ceRmIn sUmRBHGgÁRTg;GnuBaØat[´RBHGgÁeTA
enAkñúgéRB ¬esa bBVCítVa ]bsm,enña stßú snþiek kmμdæanM
KehtVa myðM Penþ GrBaØvasM GnuCanafati Gah ¦.
RBHd¾manRBHPaKRTg;Rtas;fa Pikçú tv GreBaØ
vsnþsS Ékemv FurM vuDÆisSti GmðakM bn sniþek
vsnþsS KnßFurBa© vibsSnaFurBa© bribUersStIti .
mñalPikçú kalebIGñkeTAenAéRB Fur³Etmü:agb:ueNÑaHnwg
ceRmIn b:uEnþkalebIbdíbtþienAkñúgsmñak;éneyIgTaMgLay KW
KnßFur³pg víbsSnaFur³pg nwgbribUN’.
RBHefr³ TTYlRBHBuT§tRmas;ehIy bMeBjvíbsSna
kmμdæan edayminCayUreLIy k¾)anseRmcRBHGrhtþpl
¬efera stßú vcnM sm,dícäitVa víbsSnay kmμM keraenþa n
ciresSv GrhtþM )abuNi ¦.
enAkñúgGdækfa )abicätanieTÞs xuTÞkvíPgÁ Km<IrRBH-
1- GdækfaefrKafa tikni)at .

-110-
GPiFmμ manesckþIEdlKYrsikSa ³
buKÁlEdlxSt;bBaØa GgÁúykNþal]bdæakTaMgLay
eBalfa « eyIgrEmglHbg;nUvbriytiþ » dUecñHCaedÍm eday
Baküfa « kalEdleyIgBinitüemIlFm’BYkbIKWbbBa©Fm’Edl
júaMgstV[yWtyUrkñúgsgSarvdþ mankñúgKm<IrmCÄímnikay mKÁ
enaHÉgmkehIyRBmedaybJTi§ . eQμaHfabriytþi minCaGVI
EdleFVI)anedaylM)ak sRmab;eyIgenaHeT EtkarF¶n;citþ
eTAkñúgbriytþi rEmgminputcakTukçeLIy » . buKÁlenH rEmg
sEmþgnUvPaBénxøÜnCabuKÁlxSt;bBaØa faCaGñkmanbBaØa
eRcIn . k¾kalEdlPikçúenaH eBaldUecñH eQμaHfa rEmg
TmøayRBHsasna . eQμaHfa mhaecardUcCabuKÁlenHeTot
KWminmaneT eRBaHfa buKÁlGñkRTRTg;briytþi eQμaHfa rEmg
minrYcputcakTukçenaH KWminmaneLIy.
sUmBuT§bris½T kMuePøcfa mankarRTRTg;nUvRBHbriytþi
mYyEbb KWnisSrNbriytþi )anesckþIfa briytþinaM[rYcput
cakTukçTaMgBYg . sUmBuT§bris½TRby½tñsmþI kMuecHEteBal
edaylem¥óg GaRs½ykarKaMRTnUvskmμPaBrbs;xøÜnenaH .
3

-111-
28 - blieBaF 10 y:ag
3
1- GavasblieBaF kgVl;nwgGavas
2- kulblieBaF kgVl;nwgRtkUl
3- laPblieBaF kgVl;nwglaP
4- KNblieBaF kgVl;nwgKN³
5- kmμblieBaF kgVl;nwgkarksag
6- GT§anblieBaF kgVl;nwgedÍrpøÚv
7- jatiblieBaF kgVl;nwgjati
8- GaBaFblieBaF kgVl;nwgQWxøÜnÉg
9- KnßblieBaF kgVl;nwgbriytþiFm’
10- T§iblieBaF kgVl;nwgb£T§i .
enAkñúgKm<IrvísuT§imKÁ kñúgvKÁén kmμdæanKhNnieTÞs
)anBnül;GMBIblieBaFnImYy²RKb;TaMg 10 CacugeRkay)an
bBa¢ak;fa blieBaF 9 xagedÍm GñkceRmInsmf³Kb,Ikat;
ecj cMENkT§iblieBaF KWGñkceRmInvíbsSnacaM)ac;RtÚvkat;
ecal . )anesckþIfa blieBaF 9 xagedÍm minCablieBaF

-112-
rbs;víbsSnaenaHeT EtCablieBaFénsmf³ . cMENkb£T§i
minCablieBaFrbs;smf³eRBaHcaM)ac;RtÚvceRmInsmf³eTIb
GacseRmcb£T§ieTA)an b:uEnþ eRBaHb£T§irbs;bufuC¢n rkSa)an
edaylM)ak eTIbCablieBaFcMeBaHEtvíbsSna KWfablieBaF
xVayxVl;kñúgkarrkSab£T§irbs;xøÜn TaMgkarceRmInsmf³k¾edÍm,Í
b£T§i minGacCa)aTénvíbsSnaeLIy .
dUecñH eTaHCaminmansmf³fñak;]bcarsmaFi b¤ Gb,-
nasmaFik¾eday k¾víbsSnaceRmIneLIg)an eRBaHblieBaF
9 xagedÍmCablieBaFrbs;smf³Etb:ueNÑaH cMENkvíbsS-
naceRmIneLIgedaymincaM)ac;smf³déTeLIy smf³Edl
CasmμasmaFiRBmCamYynwgvíbsSnaenaH k¾)anehIy eBal
KWGacjúaMgGriymKÁGgÁ 8 [ekIteLIg)an .
CakarepÞógpÞat;nwgmhastib,dæansURt RBHGgÁRTg;
Rtas;sEmþgGkuslFm’TaMgLay kMBugmankMBugR)akd sti
rlwkdåg «bCanati »enHCaCÍvítRbRktIsuT§² Edlmanbdí-
btþiFm’ekIteLIg GaRs½yEdl)anyl;dågnUvFm’BitkñúgTVar
TaMg 6 tamEdlRBHBuT§RTg;Rtas;sEmþgR)ab; .
sUmBuT§bris½T manRBHFm’CaTIrlwk GVI² KWdUcCaRBH-

-113-
BuT§dÍkaRtas;sEmþgRKb;y:ag kñúgd¿eNIrRtas;dågnUvsc©Fm’.
sYrfa ³ stib,dæanceRmInkñúgmenaTVar ehtuGVIeTIbdåg
GarmμN_tambBa©TVar)an ?
eqøIyfa ³ vaCakarelOnrh½sénxN³citþ . ebIeyIg
Kittamemeron KWeXIjfaGarmμN_enaHrlt;eTAehIy knøg
eTAehIyminmanGVIEdlstirlwk)anenaHeT EttamPaBCak;-
Esþgénstirlwk KWsPavFm’kñúgbBa©TVarkMBugR)akdhñwgÉg .
kMBugeXIjenH eyIgminGacEckckçúTVarvífÍcitþ nig menaTVar
vífÍcitþ EdlkMBugdågnUvrU)armμN_enaHeLIy Tal;EtdågerOgr:av
bBaØtþi eTIbR)akdfa enHCamenaTVarvífÍcitþ . BitEmnehIy
GarmμN_rbs;stib,dæan minEmnCaxN³kMBugR)akd eRBaH
xN³rlt;eTAehIy EteQμaHfakMBugR)akd edaystirlwk
dågTan; enHCakarelOnrh½sénxN³citþ hYsBIkarBit .
mincMeBaHEtsPavFm’tambBa©TVarenaHeT sUm,Icitþkñúgmena-
TVarhñwgehIyk¾eday k¾varlt;eTAehIyEdredayxN³eRcIn
eTotpg dUcCaelaP³ b¤ eTas³CaedÍm KWmin)anzítenArYm
xN³CamYynwgstib,dæanenaHeT EtstirlwkdåglkçN³én
elaP³ b¤ eTas³ kMBugEtR)akd)an eRBaHEtxN³rlt;ehIy

-114-
ekItbnþelOnhYsBIKithñwgÉg dUcCakarRKvÍePøIgFUbeBl
yb;dUecñaH TaMgEdlePøIgcMNucedÍmR)akdenAeLIy k¾man
cMNucePøIgt²mkeTotrhUt)anCaragrgVg;enHenaH. cMENk
namFm’víjKWelOnsem,ImNas; dUecñHeTIbcitþRbkbeday
eTas³hak;dUcCarYmxN³KñaCamYynwgstib,dæan BuMenaH
esat dUcCaeXIjpgB¤pgCamYyKñaG‘Ícwg EttamBit BIxN³
eXIjmkxN³B¤ varMlgxN³citþeRcInNas; TaMgvífÍcitþTaMg
PvgÁcitþeTotpg .
ykkarBitCak;Esþg KWsPavFm’CaFm’EdlmanBit Ca
brmtß kñúgTVarNamYy R)akdCaFm’manBit CaGntþa ekIt
eRBaHehtu enHKWkarEdlmanstirlwkdågTan; eTIbkarBit
R)akddUecñH .
sYrfa ³ ceRmInstib,dæan rlwkdågnamrUb enAkñúg
kEnøgs¶at;² nig enAkñúgTIRbCu¿Cn etINamYyl¥Cag ?
eqøIyfa- karenATINa² vaCaerOg CabBaØtþiEdlcitþKit
esckþIsMxan;enARtg;karyl;rbs;EdlmanBitCabrmtß RKb;
eBlevlasuT§EtCaFm’Bit elakEPñk elakRtecok elak
RcmuH elakGNþat elakkay nig elakcitþ . karEdl)an

-115-
sþab;yl;nUvrbs;EdlmanBitCabrmtß RBmTaMg)andågc,as;
nUvlkçN³énnamrUb KWfaCÍvítral;éf¶ CanamrUbenaHÉg
namrUbTaMgLay CaGntþa minmanCastVCabuKÁlNa²eLIy
dUcCakMBugeXIj kñúgxN³enHCaedÍm CasPavFm’Edlman
Bit ebImin)anrlwkdågeTenaH eRBaHminmanbc©½yénsti KW
eyIgCaGñkeXIj EdlCakaryl;xus .
dUecñH cMeBaHstib,dæan rlwk)aneBlNa k¾Cakar
rlwkeBlenaHhñwgÉg Gt;manGVICablieBaFeT BitEmnEtfa
kñúgTIRbCu¿Cn bu:Enþ manGVIEdlminEmnCaFm’Bitkñúgelak 6 .
Fm’BitrwtEtR)akdeRcIn k¾eRBaHmkGMBIstimankarceRmIn
eLIg² GvíC¢aRBmedaykaryl;xusRbkan;tYxøÜn rwtEtRtÚv)an
lHbg; . sUmkuMePøcfa GñkEdl)anseRmcmKÁplkñúgTI
RbCu¿Cn KWeBlsþab;RBHFm’rbs;RBHsmμasm<úT§ eRcInCagkar
seRmckñúgTINa²TaMgGs; .
sm½ysBVéf¶ BuT§bris½TeRcInEtEGbeTACamYynwgkar
ceRmInsmaFi eTIbecHEt)ak;citþKitdl;kEnøgs¶at;²kñúgkar
bdíbtþiFm’ . BuT§bris½TKYrrlwkdl;RBHBuT§dÍka EdlRBHd¾-
manRBHPaKRtas;cMeBaHemaXraCkñúg)araynvKÁfa «mñal

-116-
emaXraC GñkcUrmanstisBVkal cUrBicarNanUvelakEdl
mansPaBsUnüTeT cUrdkecjnUvGtþanuTidæí dUecñH Gñknwgqøg
rYcputGMBImc©úraC eRBaHfamc©úraC minGacrkeXIjnUvbuKÁl
Na EdlBicarNanUvelak eXIjfasUnüy:agenH)an
eLIy » .
BuT§bris½TeyIg EtgKitfaenAmñak;Égs¶at;RsÜl bu:Enþ
drabNa esckþIsmÁal;xusfaCaxøÜneyIg enAminTan;)anlH
eT drabenaH eQμaHfaenAmanKña . esckþIsmÁal;faCaxøÜn
eyIgenH vaRbkbCamYynwgtNða dUecñH BitCaminGacenA
TINas¶at;RsÜl)anyUreLIy TaMgEdldågxøÜnfaRsÜl²eRBaH
s¶at;l¥ enHCatYelaP³k¾manEdr .
BuT§bris½T enAkñúgTINak¾eday [Et)ansikSaFm’Bit
kñúgelak 6 dkecjnUvGtþanuTidæí BuT§bris½T BitCa)ans¶at;
R)akdEmn KWs¶at;karxVayxVl;CamYynwgxøÜnÉg CamYynwg
GñkdéT .
3

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