Manual to build a Cultural Territorial System Plan

Manual to build a
Cultural Territorial
System Plan
Manuale per il processo di
formazione di un Piano Territoriale
Culturale Integrato (CITP)

Manual to build a Cultural Territorial System Plan
Paolo Colarossi
Sapienza Università di Roma
Sibiu 14.06.13

CONVENZIONE EUROPEA DEL PAESAGGIO 2000
EUROPEAN LANDSCAPE CONVENTION 2000
Art. 1. Definizioni.
"Paesaggio” designa una determinata parte di territorio,
così come è percepita dalle popolazioni, il cui carattere
deriva dall'azione di fattori naturali e/o umani e dalle loro
interrelazioni;
"Landscape" is defined as a zone or area as perceived by
local people or visitors, whose visual features and
character are the result of the action of natural and/or
cultural (that is, human) factors. This definition reflects the
idea that landscapes evolve through time, as a result of
being acted upon by natural forces and human beings. It
also underlines that a landscape forms a whole, whose
natural and cultural components are taken together, not
separately.

Articolo 2 - Campo di applicazione
Fatte salve le disposizioni dell'articolo 15, la presente
Convenzione si applica a tutto il territorio delle Parti e
riguarda gli spazi naturali, rurali, urbani e periurbani. Essa
comprende i paesaggi terrestri, le acque interne e marine.
Concerne sia i paesaggi che possono essere considerati
eccezionali, sia i paesaggi della vita quotidiana sia i
paesaggi degradati.
Article 2 – Scope
Subject to the provisions contained in Article 15, this
Convention applies to the entire territory of the Parties and
covers natural, rural, urban and peri-urban areas. It includes
land, inland water and marine areas. It concerns landscapes
that might be considered outstanding as well as everyday or
degraded landscapes.

A Cultural Territorial System Plan (CTSP) design landscape.
A CTSP is a multiscale process of planning and design. It could be
elaborated as a stand alone project or with other projects,
An Cultural Territorial System Plan to be effective must possess seven
qualities of performance:
1. It has as its object both the physical landscape and the social
landscape (socio-economic) of a given territory, both tangible and
intangible assets and their relationships between
2. It is a structural plan organized by projects. It identifies in a sort o
fhierarchy: components of real systems, integrated components, the
primary projects of intervention, intervention priorities
3. It could be incrementally built processing parts that may each have
meaning and functional self-efficacy, while being inserted into a unitary
overall methodological framework

4. It could be is implemented in time by time: you do not need immediately
a " perfect and completePlan" the various parts can be articulated, and
in-depth complessificate for subsequent additions and amendments,
5. It is flexible, that is, not just a plan "hard" and "normative", but above all
a "multiscale scenario", that’s to say a program of spatial addresses for
the area and identification of possible projects at the local scale (historic
centers or systems of scattered goods), with guidelines for developing
the projects components in a coordinated manner and in accordance
with prevailing objectives of conservation and development of
resources; however, if useful or necessary, some specific areas or
projects or parts of projects may be subject to normative planning or
design rules. A CITP is also flexible in time, as also conceived as a
process, has to be verified through monitoring on the state of
implementation of the projects and on the effects produced by the
interventions, with any necessary corrections during construction;
6. It is a strategic planning process (shared, participatory, concerted,
communicative). A CITP is a process that is trained in both the top
(institutions), and from below (associations, scholars, universities)
7. It must be managed ("accompanied" by public authorities, operators
and associations). It’s not enough to draw a beautiful plan.

A CTSP can be constructed by following a process that
involves the development of seven points in sequence and
with successive iterations (drafting process for future
implementations: the seven "layers):
1. Starting the process (initial knowledge base)
2. Charter of the landscape;
3. Scenario of the future physical and social set;
4. Addresses, guidelines and rules for the preservation,
enhancement and transformation projects;
5. Operational Programmes and Plans (action plans);
6. Projects;
7. The management of the CTSP.

1. Starting the process (initial knowledge base)
Processed essential to be prepared for this first phase are:
Mapping and profiling of the tangible assets
Mapping and recording of intangible assets
As it has already been said about the quality of implementation that must
have a CITP, mapping and profiling can be performed initially and also
given in an incomplete or reduced form.
This phase of gathering knowledge base can be finalized and organized for
the formation of an "Atlas of cultural and natural heritage" to conceive as
a gathering place, open and implementable, news and information on
the shareholders of properties of a given territory.
In this phase can be important the contribution from the bottom of
associations and scholars in the formation of a base of a first draft
of Atlas. Operation that can fully be considered as a first step to
start the process of forming a CITP.Elaborati indispensabili da
approntare per questa prima fase sono:

Charter of the forest heritage

The historical and archaeological values

The historical and archaeological values. Design specifications

2. Landscape Chart
• In this second phase (or layer) of the processing of the
CITP, of course, also on the basis of basic knowledge
gathered in the first, are found the “Landscape Zones"
and defines the scale of the heritage values of the area
(the "hierarchy of values heritage ").
• The set of such content defines the "Charter of the
Landscape" physical and socio-economic (tangible and
intangible) of a given territory.
• The Charter of the landscape should be the "structure",
the axis of a CITP, the reference base (although, as
mentioned, integrated and modified over time) for the
process of elaboration of the successive phases of the
same CITP.

2.1. Landscape zones
• The scope of term landscape can be defined as the optimal size and
minimum recognizable with given characteristics of perception, physical
and socio-economic unity and / or homogeneity.
• The scope of the landscape is found in relation to the opportunity or
need to identify policies and addresses structure and adapted to the
specific characteristics of the given scope.
• In general there may be difference between the area affected by the
CTSP and Scope of landscape.
• In fact, the area of the Plan (generally identified with Administrative
criterion) can also be identified as an Area of landscape unit, but in
general provide a system composed of several landscape zones.

Criteria for the identification of landscape zones
Possible criteria for the identification of a landscape zone, and that should be
taken into account at the same time, are:
Criterion of "visual basin" (perceptual criterion)
Criterion of "morphological boundaries" (rivers, roads, railways, built margins,
etc.).
Criterion of physical, historical, cultural and social homogeneity
Criterion of local perceptions
Criterion of existing and possible uses
Criterion of environmental relationships and interdependencies
Administrative policy

Criterion of visual basin
The perceptual criterion is themost immediate and comprehensible
criterion for the identification of a landscape zone (the landscape is
also what we see and how we see it :).
To deal with the perceptual criterion is necessary to consider three
types of perception of the landscape, resulting in three types of
landscape:
Distant landscape (the bottom, the scene)
Middle landscape (the landscape of everyday spaces meaningful
experiences, or memories of experiences)
Near Landscape (the living spaces, the "rooms" of the landscape)
You can find yourself in situations of contemporary perception of the
three types of landscapes.
But in the context of perceptual criterion must be considered not only
visual perceptions, but also the perceptions that the inhabitants of its
territory could have.

Landscape zones –The inhabited campaign

The inhabited campaign (building grainy)

Landscape zones - perception criteria and use

The hierarchy of heritage values
Landscape values survey in a specific field: the criteria to
define the scale of the values of present cultural and
natural heritage :
• consistency,
• numerically,
• significance,
• rarity,
• usability
• perception of the inhabitants
For the definition of hierarchies can be used multiple criteria.

Definition of factors to investigate the landscape values of a
field:
environmental (mountain system, hydrological, geological,
botanical, agricultural, wildlife, fish, ...),
aesthetic (values of image, perception and identification of the
values of beauty and related areas - scale scope - territory -
and its places - a local scale - both on the part of expert
knowledge than local knowledge)
functional and social (traditions, know-how, local identity,
actual or potential use, generally immaterial aspects of
culture that need to be considered full-fledged part of the
qualities of a landscape).

3. Scenario of 'physical structure and social
•"Charter of the current cultural structure of the territory":
•Framework of opportunities, critics (description of strengths
and weaknesses) and objectives for the heritage conservation
and enhancement.
•"Scenario of the future physical and social set "
•As the proposed structure which includes both physical and
social arrangements, the scenario consists of communication
design and a text of "guidelines" that have no normative value,
but only indicative .. A sort of "guide" to the future scenario.
•To be effective, the scenario must be formalized as a program
to be adopted by the local administrative level (associations of
municipalities and / or Province and / Region) which includes
the part of the territory affected by the scenario itself (ie the area
of the ICTP).

• The scenario is not a plan or a project, but the representation of a vision
(shared) of the future where the territory should tend, such as physical structure
(the drawing itself) and the social and economic structure (patterns of
relationships and configurations of social and economic) could become.
• The contents of the Scenario are basically of two types: rules for the
conservation of relevant quality in the area (identification of areas not
convertible, convertible and levels of transformation) and a list of projects for
the implementation of Scenario (Scenario for projects ). Scenario, in short,
contains the objectives, actions and things to do ie the list of actions related to
tangible and intangible assets and tangible and intangible assets.
• Actions, projects and addresses are identified (by location and type), and
defined in objectives and content of the maximum contribution of the
inhabitants, associations and local authorities.
• The identification of the scenario and related projects can be reached by
processing multiple (two or three) alternative scenarios to be put under
discussion between experts and local people, to get to the identification of a
scenario to be adopted, even as a composition of parts of the scenarios
discussed.

4. Guide Lines, transformation rules
•Implementation and integration with the guidelines previously
as part of the scenario.
•Processing, and claims processing, regulations, manuals,
project type, procedures and tools to control the quality of
interventions, etc.., Such as:
•Regulations for planting trees
•Manuals for building restoration
•Intervention Manual of bioengineering
•In the implementation phase, this phase can be processed
even later stages 5 and 6.

5. Plans-Operational Programmes (action plans)
This phase is the strategic part of the ICTP.
Based on the scenario, action plans are identified through participatory
processes-consultation (every three years, every five years, or with
continuity over time), interventions identified in the setting of physical and
social structure, which are considered a priority and that should be
promoted, or those that mature in terms of political and administrative will, of
available operators, used resources and for which projects can be
processed. In any case, the criteria for inclusion of a project in the
operational program are those of the congruence with the scenario and the
degree of feasibility.
Action Plans may affect operations of historic centers and/or systems of
scattered goods planning-designing.

• Action Plan to rebuild a landscape system or historic centre.
• Defining the scope.
• Urban, territorial, social and economic diagnosis, which answers to the
problems identified in the analysis phase.
• Objectives and strategies
• Determination of actions, projects to be undertaken in a comprehensive.
• Management Model to perform. Public-Private relationships.
• Participation of actors, agents, companies, associations. Citizen
participation.
• Financing systems.
• Administrations Commitment acting. Alliances and agreements

Analysis for Action Plans in the areas of the old town.
•Uses of the building.
•Buildability level and building heights.
•Protection level for the equity. Making a catalog of protected buildings.
•Public facilities.
•Public Spaces.

6. The projects
The actions and related projects may be targeted to only a part of a larger
idea identified by the physical structure and social scenario, or even a
single element of the assets as part of a project.
This is also why there needs to be coordination dependence of
relationships between project preparation and its contents and scenario
planning, with particular attention to the conditions and characteristics of
the system in which it is inserted every single item of tangible or intangible
heritage.
The preparation of the projects is based on the rules of conservation and
transformation of points 3 and 4;
The control of the quality of the projects is based on the same guidelines
and rules and in accordance with procedures defined within the guidelines
of the Scenario.

Project types in historic centre
•External treatment of materials, construction systems (roofs, walls,
woodwork, color chart, etc..)
•Furniture
•Accessibility and mobility. Systems connected to public transport.
Pedestrian areas.
•Activities permitted to regenerate the city, sightseeing, shopping ...
•Signaling systems, creating tours of historic interest.
•Urban regeneration strategies. Connecting to pray parts of the city and /
or territory.
•Specific actions in degraded areas citywide.

Project in a territorial system

Landscape streets – the street as a public room

7. The accompaniment of the CTSP
•Key factor for success (the effectiveness and usefulness) of an
ICTP is its management.
•The government management skills ("accompanying" the
CITP) the levels of involvement or expertise, but also by the
point of view of operators and associations concerned.
•"Handbook to manage ICTP" is one of the entries in an ICTP
also be implemented over time, in parallel, and therefore the
implementation of the previous six operating points.

Handbook to manage ICTP. Technical requirements

Manual to build a Cultural Territorial System Plan

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