The document discusses providing high-speed internet access through cable TV networks. It describes how cable networks can be leveraged to deliver internet services by using cable modems. Cable modems connect to computers through Ethernet and transmit data over coaxial cables at higher speeds than traditional dial-up connections. Accessing the internet through cable networks offers advantages like high bandwidth, always-on connectivity, and faster data access rates compared to telephone networks.

1. Internet Access via Cable TV network
Abstract
Demand for the high-speed (or broad band) internet access for fast web browsing and more
effective telecommuting. India has a cable penetration of 80 million homes, offering a vast
network for leveraging the internet access. Cable TV has a strong reach to the homes and
therefore offering the Internet through cable could be a scope for furthering the growth of
internet usage in the homes. The cable is an alternative medium for delivering the Internet
services in the US, there are already a million homes with cable modems, enabling the high-
speed internet access over cable.
In India, we are in the initial stages. We are experiencing innumerable local problems in
Mumbai, Bangalore and Delhi, along with an acute shortage of international Internet
connectivity. Accessing the Internet on the public switched telephone networks (PSTN) still has
a lot of problems. Such as drops outs its takes along time to download or upload large files one
has to pay both for the Internet connectivity as well as for telephone usages during that period.
Since it is technically possible to offer higher bandwidth by their cable, home as well as
corporate users may make like it. Many people cannot afford a PC At their premises. Hardware
obsolescence in the main problem to the home user who cannot afford to upgrade his PC every
year and Cable TV based ISP solution s offer an economic alternative.
The connection to other computers is possible with the help of ISP (Internet Service
Provider). Each Internet users depend dialup connections to connect to Internet. This has many
disadvantages like very poor speed, may time cut downs etc. To solve this problem, Internet data
can be transferred through Cable networks wired to the user computer. Internet via Cable
networks has various advantages like High availability, High bandwidth to low cost, high speed
data access, always on connectivity etc.
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2. Introduction
Internet is a network of networks in which various computers connect each other throughout the
world. The connection to other computers is possible with the help of ISP (Internet Service
Provider). Each Internet users depend dialup connections to connect to Internet. This has many
disadvantages like very poor speed, may time cut downs etc. Miraculous developments in
telecommunication systems and information technology have created marvels for the new
generation i.e. Internet using a phone line. Internets via phone connections are painfully slow,
especially when downloading photographs, graphics, or video images and large files. To solve
the problem, Internet data can be transferred through Cable networks wired to the user computer.
The cable modem technology for the Internet provides an 'always on' feature for individuals to
access the Internet rapidly, while its digital broadband network technology allows user to move
around quickly.
Various advantages are High availability, High bandwidth to low cost, high speed data
access, always on connectivity etc. The huge growth in the number of Internet users every year
has resulted in the traffic congestion on the net, resulting in slower and expensive internet access
.As cable TV has a strong reach to homes, it is the best medium for providing the internet to
house-holds with faster access at feasible rates.
The huge growth in the number of Internet users every year has resulted in the traffic
congestion on the net resulting in slower and expensive Internet access. As cable TV has a strong
reach to homes, it is the best medium for providing the Internet to house - holds with faster
access at feasible rates. There is a higher demand from residential and business customers,
especially in the last few years, for access to the Internet, corporate intranets and various online
information services.
The Internet revolution is sweeping the country with a burgeoning number of the Internet
users. As more and more people are being attracted towards the Internet, traffic congestion on
the Net is continuously increasing due to limited bandwidths resulting in slower and expensive
Internet access. The number of household getting on the Internet has increased exponentially in
the recent past. First time internet users are amazed at the internet's richness of content and
personalization, never before offered by any other medium. But this initial awe last only till they
experienced the slow speed of internet content deliver. Hence the popular reference "World
Wide Wait"(not World Wide Web).
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3. How to Access the Internet via Cable Network?
 Use the dial-up telephone services provided by your Cable Company in conjunction with
a modem.
 To Use a cable Modem
Figure1. Working of Cable Internet
Network Setup:
A propose typical cable network is shown in below figure. It consists of Internet backbone
connectivity from internal service protocol. It then goes to the router and to the switch. The
switch connects to the server as well as the cable modem termination system (CMTS). The
CMTS output goes to the up converter before finally being fed in to the cable network.
Information will reach your doorstep, which is a great extended development of satellite
technology and communication technology to help develop and design such type of networks to
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4. save the wealth of nation and its potential to parental organization to adopt such a technology.
The kind of technology has been already. Existing in the US and UK for the last few years.
There are several methods for computer connection, but Ethernet 10 Base T is emerging
as the most predominant method. Although it probably would be cheaper to produce the cable
modem as an internal card for the computer, this would require different printed-circuit cards for
different kinds of computers, and additionally would' make the demarcation between cable
network and the customer’s computer too fuzzy.
Figure2.Traditional Cable Network
 Figure 2 shows traditional cable network, which contains the only one head end. This
head end is connected to the Ethernet cable, this cable is attached to each individual home
TVs.
 Figure 3 shows the modern cable network, which contains the head end with multiple pin
to connect different networks. Which enhance the easy way to connection to the homes.
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5. Figure3. A Modern Cable Network
Cable Modem
 A "Cable Modem" is a device that allows high-speed access to the Internet via a cable TV
(CATV) network.
 The cable modem attaches to computer through an Ethernet Network Interface Card
 It takes a signal from the computer and converts it for transmission over the cable
network.
 For Cable Internet access on PC, a Cable Modem is required at user’s end.
 It has two connections; one to the TV cable wire and the other to a computer.
 A Cable Modem sends and receives data to and from the Internet by using the existing
coaxial cable network.
 The modem translates cable signals the same way a telephone modem translates signals
from a telephone line.
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6.  Cable modems translate radio frequency (RF) signals to and from the cable plant into
Internet Protocol (IP), the communications protocol spoken by all computers connected
to the Internet.
 At the customer premise, a high quality two way splitter is installed on the Cable TV line,
with one output connected to the Cable Modem and the second output connected to the
TV.
Ethernet over Coaxial Cable
 The Ethernet over Coax adapter provides a simple and inexpensive way to create a
reliable home network, without running CAT5 cables through your walls.
 It delivers high speed internet, voice and video over coaxial cable.
 Ideal for homes, apartment buildings or hotels seeking to add high-speed internet
capabilities over existing coaxial TV cables.
Fig1.CableAdaptor
Changes in Cable Network
 The cable network was designed to deliver TV signals in one direction from the Head-
End to the subscriber’s homes.
 To provide TV services Cable Operators had to recreate a portion of the over-the-air
radio frequency (RF) spectrum within a sealed coaxial cable line.
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7.  Operators had to upgrade the cable network so that signals could flow in both directions.
Cable Operators assign a spectrum of signal frequencies to the cable network.
 One spectrum is used for the signals that move from the Head-End towards the cable
subscriber.
 Another spectrum of signal frequencies are used for the signals that move from the cable
subscriber towards the Head-End.
 By replacing existing one way amplifiers with two way amplifiers Cable Operators are
able to separate the upstream and downstream signals and amplify each direction
separately in the right frequency range.
How fast is a Cable Modem?
 Cable modem speeds vary widely depends on the cable modem system Cable network
architecture Traffic load. In the downstream direction (from the network to the
computer), network speeds can be up to 27 Mbps.
 BUT, this is an aggregate amount of bandwidth that is shared by users.
Few computers will be capable of connecting at such high speeds or have exclusive
access to the network. A more realistic number is 1 to 3 Mbps.
 In the upstream direction (from computer to network), speeds can be up to 10 Mbps.
However, most modem producers have selected a more optimum speed between 500
Kbps and 2.5 Mbps. And many cable operators limit the upstream bandwidth to 128 or
384kbs.
 An asymmetric cable modem scheme is most common. The downstream channel has a
much higher.
Real-world performance
 The theoretical performance of a Cable Modem is based upon all other devices being able
to work at the same speed and performance as the Cable Modem.
 However, in a similar way that the actual usable bandwidth on a 10MbpsEthernet
connection reduces to a 4Mbps, so too will the performance of a Cable Modem
connection be reduced.
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8.  The Cable network itself will suffer the same problems of Internet performance as any
other Internet Service Provider (ISP).
 Although performance to services on the cable network itself can be amazingly fast,
access to 'the outside world will be slowed down by the performance of other connections
on the way.
 As usage on your segment grows (as more customers are added) the bandwidth must be
shared by more people.
Support for Multiple PC’s
 A cable modem can provide Internet access to multiple PCs, if they are connected via a
local area network (LAN)
 Cable modems typically have an Ethernet output, so they can connect to the LAN with a
standard Ethernet hub or router.
 Each PC must have an assigned IP address
 The cable ISP usually sells at a premium of $5-$10 a month per PC.
 NAT (Network Address Translation) can allow multiple PCs to "hide" behind a single IP
Address
Some company names of Cable Modem
 3Com
 Cisco Systems
 Com21
 General Instrument
 Motorola
 Nortel Networks
 Phasecom
 Samsung
 Terayon,
 Toshiba
 Zenith
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9.  And many others
Advantages
 A cable modem can provide Internet access to multiple PCs, if they are connected via a
local area network (LAN)
 Cable modems typically have an Ethernet output, so they can connect to the LAN with a
standard Ethernet hub or router
 Each PC must have an assigned IP address
o The cable ISP usually sells at a premium of $5-$10 a month per PC
o NAT (Network Address Translation) can allow multiple PCs to "hide" behind a
single IP Address
 Advanced High Speed Internet Access Service.
 No new software is required.
 No reconstruction of the cable system necessary.
 Use Of free frequency range from 3 to 5 MHz without TV program reorganization.
 Integration of the modem in the Billing System via router, accounting per space of time
or volume possible.
 Components and amplifiers must have only return path ability.
Limitations
 Bandwidth is shared over the same cable line. Connection speed is affected by the
number of people using the internet at the same time in your neighbourhood.
 Higher security risk than dialup (personal firewall is needed).
 Not available to all cable TV networks.
 Usually tied with cable TV subscription
Conclusion
 Cable TV has a strong reach to the homes and therefore offering the Internet through
cable be a scope for furthering the growth of internet usage in the homes.
 The cable is an alternative medium for delivering the Internet Services in the US, there
are a million homes with cable modems, enabling the high-speed internet access over
cable.
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10. References
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cable_Internet_access
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cable_modem
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Access
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cable_modem_termination_system
 http://computer.howstuffworks.com/cable-modem.htm
 http://www.hathway.com/brodband/prod_broadband_faq3.asp
 www.slideshare.net/.../internet-access-via-cable-network - United States
 www.scribd.com/doc/38687880/Internet-Access-via-Cable-TV-Network
 www.seminarprojects.com/Thread-internet-access-via-tv-cable-network
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