Fight against illicit traffic of cultural property in South-East Europe.
Gaziantep, Turkey, 19-21 November 2012.
Link: http://www.unesco.org/new/en/venice/about-this-office/single-view/news/building_capacities_for_the_fight_against_the_illicit_trafficking_of_cultural_property_
in_south_east_europe/
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Adalberto Biasiotti - Fight against illicit traffic of cultural property in South-East Europe. Gaziantep, Turkey, 19-21 November 2012
1. Fight against illicit traffic of
cultural property in
South-East Europe
Gaziantep, Turkey
19-21 November 2012
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2. A presentation from Adalberto Biasiotti,
UNESCO expert on the protection of
cultural heritage from criminal attacks
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3. Some first hand experiences
Pompeii excavations security manager for 10
years
2011 mission to Egypt with an Interpol agent
Various missions in South East Europe and
Mediterranean and Arabic countries
Member of European Union standards
committees
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4. Kuwait National Museum
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5. 2003 - 2004 Mission to USA, to advise on security
matters for the North Carolina Museum of Arts
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6. 2003 - Mission
to Iran, at
Persepolis,
Teheran ed
Isfahan
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7. Protection of Niavaran Palace, Teheran, private
residence of Reza Pahlavi
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8. 2005 – Assistance in protecting the Iraqi cultural
heritage
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9. 2005 – UNESCO publishes the multilingual
handbook for museum security officers
Now translated in 7 languages
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10. 2005 –Mission to Egypt, Cairo, to advise on the security
project of the National Museum of the Egyptian
Civilization –opening end 2012
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11. From 1997 to 2008 - Security consultant at Pompeii
archaeological sites
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12. Pompeii main video control
room
12
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14. A Pompeii special project – the only one
“archeoambulanza” in the world
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15. The archeo bike – electric motor powered,
with extinguisher and first aid kit on board
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16. How to protect open air
archaeological excavations
Many problems and few solutions - Palmyra
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17. Many problems and few solutions – Leptis
Magna
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18. Many problems and few solutions – Heraclea
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19. Many problems and few solutions – Skupi
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20. Many problems and few solutions – Stobi
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21. Many problems and few solutions – Zeugma
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22. Often the site is far away form cities or villages
Often the excavations are moving from an area
to the next one
Often there is no electriciy
Often no guards are available on site, or, if on
site, are unprotected from assaults
Often police forces may require some time to
arrive on site
Often there are no reliable means for
transmitting an alarm
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23. Such a guard post in quite
insecure and even dangerous
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25. What about guards on site?
Very dangerous for guards and artefacts!
Guards attacked in Saqqara plains, Egypt, 2011
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26. Guards attacked in Luxor, West Bank, Egypt,
2011
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27. Many precious
artefacts robbed at
gunpoint
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28. We face three challenges:
Create a border around the site, to keep animals
away, to reduce the false alarm ratio
Detect an intruder
Send an intrusion alarm to a police controlled
site or to a local guard post
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29. First step: erect a fence all aroud the site
The fence shall stop animals, not intruders
No good;
expensive, difficul
to relocate and
may be blown
away from strong
winds
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30. No good:
strong, but
expensive and
may be
difficult to
relocate
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31. Good: not
expensive
and easy to
relocate
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32. Intrusion detection
The detectors shall be wireless type, as cabling
is very expensive and inflexible
The detectors shall be battery powered, with
many years useful life, due to lack of electricity
The control unit shall be battery powered, with
many years useful life
The installation shall be fast and easy to
relocate, carried out by unskilled personnel
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33. And now the intrusion detectors
and control units
Control unit
Remote control
Outdoor IR detector
Outdoor siren
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34. The outdoor IR detector is
the most important component
Range about 24 meters
Useful battery life about 5 years
Appropriate for outdoor installation
even in cold and warm environment
Easy set up
Distance between the detector and the
control unit about 200 metres
A repeater may increase the distance
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35. It is not enough to detect an
intrusion: you should be able to
send an alarm to police forces
You may use a conventional telephone cable
connection
You may use a GSM connection
You may use a Satellite telephone connection
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36. The telephone cable, if available, may be
easily sabotaged
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37. The GSM connection if available,
may be easily sabotaged
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38. By far the best solution is the
satellite telephone ; many products
and services are available and the
cost is reasonable
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39. Power supply problems
No problem with wireless detectors and control
unit
No problem with GSM and PSTL connection
With satellite connection you may need a
supplementary phtovoltaic panel, with a surface
of about one square metre
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41. ONE QUESTION FOR YOU
ALL
Do you think that a siren may
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be useful, even in a almost
deserted site?
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42. If a local guard post is active
Be sure the guards have a fully functional
channel of communication with police
The guards have been properly trained and
instructed on alarm and emergency procedures
A simulation is carried out at least every week
The first two simulations shall be prearranged;
thereafter, no advance notice of the ongoing
simulation shall be given
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43. BE CAREFUL
If you store
excavated
artefacts on site,
you need special
protection
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45. How to protect an excavated
artefacts storage area, on site
Install a good quality steel door
Install a good quality chain and padlock (not the
Chinese ones!!)
Install a wireless volumetric detector and a
wireless contact on the steel door
Keep a detailed and updated list of stored items
(better if with a picture)
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46. If possible, do not leave
excavated artefacts on site,
unless you are at a very advanced
stage, and you are able to set up
an Antiquarium,
duly protected and manned
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47. As money is always scarce, here is a realistic budget
Perimeter fence per meter- € 30
5 barrier IR detectors, with 5 years battery- €
200 ea.
One control unit , with 5 years battery, with
GSM and PSTL connection- € 500
One satellite telephone, connected to the
control unit, with some traffic included and
photovoltaic power supply- € 1300
One steel door with quality padlock - € 120
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48. And now, a last word of caution
Develop, in agreement with local police forces, an
intervention plan, in case of alarm
Agree the intrevention procedures, roads and paths to
block, to follow and to monitor
Update the local police forces if you modify the
excavation area or if you open new access path or
roads, or new storage areas
Exchange cellular phone numbers between chief of
police and chief or arheologists
Invite the police forces to visit the site at least once per
week
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49. Thank you, and please do your best
to protect world cultural heritage!
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50. TIEM – Teamwork for integrated emergency
management – South East Europe
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