The document discusses the global HIV/AIDS epidemic, including statistics on prevalence and numbers of people living with HIV in different countries and populations. It notes that prevalence and transmission modes vary significantly in different locations. Charts show trends in new infections, prevalence among women, and potential for virtual elimination of mother-to-child transmission.

1. Get smart. NEW WAYS OF LOOKING AT DATA HIV is everywhere, but the intensity of the spread of the virus varies. South Africa’s high HIV prevalence, combined with its population size, makes it the country with the most people living with HIV. India, on the other hand, has a much lower HIV prevalence, less than 1%, but with a billion-strong population has the second highest number of HIV-positive people. Swaziland has a population of 1.2 million, but one in four adults are infected with HIV. ARE WE DOING ENOUGH? In Australia an injecting drug user has access to about 200 needles and syringes each year. The same person in the Russian Federation, however, would only have access to two a year. In Africa the majority of infections occur through heterosexual sex, but in 2008 each adult male had access to only four condoms. In Ghana more than 40% of infections occur through sex work, men having sex with men and injecting drug use, but only 0.24% of prevention spending went towards services for these populations. In Uganda many clinics are waiting for people currently on treatment to die before they can provide treatment to new people. In parts of the Middle East, the blood supply is still not safe, while in the rest of the world there is near universal screening of blood before transfusion. Proportionally, more people are HIV-positive inside prisons than outside. OUTLOOK takes a visual journey through some of these paradoxes of the HIV epidemic—its different faces, its spread and the response, its successes and failures. And asks again, are we doing enough?

2. Size of the AIDS epidemic 33.4 MILLION PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV 10 million are waiting for treatment 5 million people are on treatment Source: UNAIDS 2009 Epidemic Update, 2008 Report on the global AIDS epidemic, UNGASS 2010 country progress reports 430 000 children 910 000 young people ONLY ABOUT 40% KNOW THEIR HIV STATUS 2 MILLION DEATHS PER YEAR 2.7 MILLION NEW INFECTIONS PER YEAR

3. ASIA 4.7 MILLION China 700 000 EASTER EUROPE 1.5 MILLION LATIN AMERICA 2 MILLION Russian Federation 940 000 India 2.4 million 90% of infections are through heterosexual transmission Brazil 730 000 190 000 on treatment NORTH AMERICA, WESTERN AND CENTRAL EUROPE 2.3 MILLION United States of America 2.3 MILLION

4. Global populations at risk Source: UNGASS 2010 country progress reports, UNAIDS epidemic update 2009, Cacras 2006, Vandepitte 2006, Aceijas 2006, Mathers 2008 Population Number living with HIV Number tested for HIV in the past year Number reached with prevention services Women females 15+ Men males 15+ Young people male and female 15-24 Children male and female 0 - 14 Men who have sex with men Injecting drug users Sex workers = 1 to 9 million

5. Source: UNGASS 2010 country progress reports, UNAIDS epidemic update 2009, Cacras 2006, Vandepitte 2006, Aceijas 2006, Mathers 2008 Making sex work safe

6. The last 100 HIV infections Each square below represents the last 100 HIV infections that were contracted in the following countries. Each colour represents a different mode of transmission. Stable heterosexual couples Female sex workers Clients of female sex workers Partners of the clients of female sex workers Casual heterosexual sex Partners of casual heterosexual sex Prison population (only measured in Kenya) Other Injecting drug users Partners of injecting drug users Medical injections Men who have sex with men Female partners of men who have sex with men Blood transfusions

7. The last 100 HIV infections Each square below represents the last 100 HIV infections that were contracted in the following countries. Each colour represents a different mode of transmission. Stable heterosexual couples Female sex workers Clients of female sex workers Partners of the clients of female sex workers Casual heterosexual sex Partners of casual heterosexual sex Prison population (only measured in Kenya) Other Injecting drug users Partners of injecting drug users Medical injections Men who have sex with men Female partners of men who have sex with men Blood transfusions

8. The last 100 HIV infections NIGERIA Stable heterosexual couples Female sex workers Clients of female sex workers Partners of the clients of female sex workers Casual heterosexual sex Partners of casual heterosexual sex Prison population (only measured in Kenya) Other Injecting drug users Partners of injecting drug users Medical injections Men who have sex with men Female partners of men who have sex with men Blood transfusions

9. The last 100 HIV infections CÔTE D’IVOIRE Stable heterosexual couples Female sex workers Clients of female sex workers Partners of the clients of female sex workers Casual heterosexual sex Partners of casual heterosexual sex Prison population (only measured in Kenya) Other Injecting drug users Partners of injecting drug users Medical injections Men who have sex with men Female partners of men who have sex with men Blood transfusions

10. The last 100 HIV infections LESOTHO Stable heterosexual couples Female sex workers Clients of female sex workers Partners of the clients of female sex workers Casual heterosexual sex Partners of casual heterosexual sex Prison population (only measured in Kenya) Other Injecting drug users Partners of injecting drug users Medical injections Men who have sex with men Female partners of men who have sex with men Blood transfusions

11. The last 100 HIV infections GHANA Stable heterosexual couples Female sex workers Clients of female sex workers Partners of the clients of female sex workers Casual heterosexual sex Partners of casual heterosexual sex Prison population (only measured in Kenya) Other Injecting drug users Partners of injecting drug users Medical injections Men who have sex with men Female partners of men who have sex with men Blood transfusions

12. The last 100 HIV infections KENYA Stable heterosexual couples Female sex workers Clients of female sex workers Partners of the clients of female sex workers Casual heterosexual sex Partners of casual heterosexual sex Prison population (only measured in Kenya) Other Injecting drug users Partners of injecting drug users Medical injections Men who have sex with men Female partners of men who have sex with men Blood transfusions

13. The last 100 HIV infections ZAMBIA Stable heterosexual couples Female sex workers Clients of female sex workers Partners of the clients of female sex workers Casual heterosexual sex Partners of casual heterosexual sex Prison population (only measured in Kenya) Other Injecting drug users Partners of injecting drug users Medical injections Men who have sex with men Female partners of men who have sex with men Blood transfusions

14. The last 100 HIV infections BENIN Stable heterosexual couples Female sex workers Clients of female sex workers Partners of the clients of female sex workers Casual heterosexual sex Partners of casual heterosexual sex Prison population (only measured in Kenya) Other Injecting drug users Partners of injecting drug users Medical injections Men who have sex with men Female partners of men who have sex with men Blood transfusions

15. The last 100 HIV infections BURKINA FASO Stable heterosexual couples Female sex workers Clients of female sex workers Partners of the clients of female sex workers Casual heterosexual sex Partners of casual heterosexual sex Prison population (only measured in Kenya) Other Injecting drug users Partners of injecting drug users Medical injections Men who have sex with men Female partners of men who have sex with men Blood transfusions

16. The last 100 HIV infections SWAZILAND Stable heterosexual couples Female sex workers Clients of female sex workers Partners of the clients of female sex workers Casual heterosexual sex Partners of casual heterosexual sex Prison population (only measured in Kenya) Other Injecting drug users Partners of injecting drug users Medical injections Men who have sex with men Female partners of men who have sex with men Blood transfusions

17. The last 100 HIV infections UGANDA Stable heterosexual couples Female sex workers Clients of female sex workers Partners of the clients of female sex workers Casual heterosexual sex Partners of casual heterosexual sex Prison population (only measured in Kenya) Other Injecting drug users Partners of injecting drug users Medical injections Men who have sex with men Female partners of men who have sex with men Blood transfusions

18. The last 100 HIV infections SENEGAL Stable heterosexual couples Female sex workers Clients of female sex workers Partners of the clients of female sex workers Casual heterosexual sex Partners of casual heterosexual sex Prison population (only measured in Kenya) Other Injecting drug users Partners of injecting drug users Medical injections Men who have sex with men Female partners of men who have sex with men Blood transfusions

19. The last 100 HIV infections PERU Stable heterosexual couples Female sex workers Clients of female sex workers Partners of the clients of female sex workers Casual heterosexual sex Partners of casual heterosexual sex Prison population (only measured in Kenya) Other Injecting drug users Partners of injecting drug users Medical injections Men who have sex with men Female partners of men who have sex with men Blood transfusions

21. Source: 2009 WHO/UNAIDS HIV estimates New infections among children (0-14) in 2008 Colombia Netherlands Nigeria Russian Federation South Africa Botswana Ukraine Viet Nam

22. More than half the sky 33.4 million people living with HIV globally HIV prevalence among women is higher than men in sub-Saharan Africa HIV prevalence among women in sub-Saharan Africa by marital status Spousal transmission of HIV Projected total number of HIV infections among the wives of injecting drug users living with HIV in Jakarta Source: Asian Epidemic Model projections using Jakarta data

23. Country policies and actions The countries selected for each region are those with the highest prevalence and/or number of people living with HIV (UNAIDS 2008). The information is from the National Composite Policy Index (NCPI) of the 2010 UNGASS country reports. Part A is completed by government officials and part B by representatives from civil society organizations, bilateral agencies and UN organizations. The final report is submitted by the government. Country specific information is already available online: the full data set will be published in November, please visit www.unaids.org for more information.

24. The countries selected for each region are those with the highest prevalence and/or number of people living with HIV (UNAIDS 2008). The information is from the National Composite Policy Index (NCPI) of the 2010 UNGASS country reports. Part A is completed by government officials and part B by representatives from civil society organizations, bilateral agencies and UN organizations. The final report is submitted by the government. Country specific information is already available online: the full data set will be published in November, please visit www.unaids.org for more information.