Talk by Ian Hosking

1. Inclusive Design – from niche to normal
Mobile Inclusive Design, UXPA
20th September 2012
Ian Hosking

2. 2 Engineering Design Centre

3. Designed for humans?
3 Engineering Design Centre

4. A look at being human
4 Engineering Design Centre

5. Understanding people
62 Million
50 : 50
Gender
11 Million
Population Children
5.2 Million
47+ 1 in 10
Left Handed
Asthma Half Adults
11 Million
Disabled
2 Million 8.5 Million
14 Million Visual Impairment
Arthritis
Grandparents 2.6 Million
Diabetes
8% Men
0.5% Women 9 Million
Colour Blind Hearing Impairment
5
5 Engineering Design Centre

6. Understanding people
It is normal to be different
6 Engineering Design Centre

7. The future’s bright, the future’s grey
In 1950 there were 200
Million over 60’s
worldwide
In 2005 673
Million
By 2050 2
Billion
7 Engineering Design Centre

8. Population change
The changing shape of Japan’s population pyramid
8 Engineering Design Centre

9. Does it really matter?
• In 1950 the PSR was 12:1
Potential Support Ratio (PSR) is the ratio of the number of
15-64 year olds who could
support one person 65+
9 Engineering Design Centre

10. Does it really matter?
• In 2000 the PSR was 9:1
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11. Does it really matter?
• In 2050 the PSR will be 4:1
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12. Does it really matter?
• In 2050 for the developed world it will be 2:1
Independent living goes from being an aspiration to an imperative
12 Engineering Design Centre

13. Inclusive design
“Climb into the latest Ferrari sports car and you are unlikely to notice the modifications designed with
overweight, arthritic pensioners in mind … the Italian carmaker is just one of many companies grappling
with a demographic shift that challenges the fundamental rules of marketing and design … the average
buyer of a Ferrari road car is nearing 50 and set to get older. “ - Financial Times, 20 Jan. 2004
13 Engineering Design Centre

14. Inclusive design
The design of mainstream products and/or services that are accessible to,
and usable by, as many people as reasonably possible …
… without the need for special adaptation or specialised design (BS
7000:6)
14 Engineering Design Centre

15. It is normal to have difficulties
Source: It’s Normal to be Different – Applying Inclusive
American adults of working age (16-64) from the Microsoft (2003) survey Design in Industry, Hosking, Waller & Clarkson,
Interacting with Computers 22 (2010) 496–501
15 Engineering Design Centre

16. The Target for Inclusive Design
Source: It’s Normal to be Different – Applying Inclusive
Design in Industry, Hosking, Waller & Clarkson,
Interacting with Computers 22 (2010) 496–501
16 Engineering Design Centre

17. Population change
• Variation of capability
GB Population (%)
Age Band
17 Engineering Design Centre

18. Real users
Vision
Hearing
Thinking
Communication
Locomotion
Reach & stretch
Dexterity
18 Engineering Design Centre

19. Vision
Ocular Accommodation (Dioptres)
Mean
10 Upper limit
12
14
0
2
4
6
8
Lower limit
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Age (Years)
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20. Font Size
20 Engineering Design Centre

21. Font size in action
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22. What else can you see?
22 Engineering Design Centre

23. Hearing
0
-10
Hearing Loss (Decibels)
10-19 years
-20
20-29 years
-30
30-39 years
-40
-50 40-49 years
-60 50-59 years
-70 60-69 years
-80
70-79 years
-90 speech
-100
500 1000 2000 4000 8000
Frequency (Hertz)
23 Engineering Design Centre

24. Thinking
130
120
110
Verbal IQ
Mean IQ
100
90
80 Performance IQ
70
0
20 30 40 50 60 70
Age (Years)
24 Engineering Design Centre

25. R
em % GB Adults
ov
e
W fr
om
ak
e
10.0
12.0
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
Po
fr
om cke
st t
Un an
lo db
ck y
sc
re
en
En
Se te
Se le rP
ct IN
le Te
ct xt
Se
ne
w A
pp
le m
ct es
co sa
rr En ge
ec te
te rn
Se nt am
le ry e
ct fr
m om
es lis
sa t
Ty ge
pe fie
ld
Task
Ed m
it es
m sa
is ge
iPhone Texting
pe
lt
R w
et or
ur d
n
Pu to Se
tp m nd
ai
ho n
ne m
en
to u
R st
et an
ur
n db
to y
po
ck
et
M
A
X
Exclusion for Sending a Text (Using the 56pt Font on an iPhone)
Large print
Font

26. It’s not all bad news!
• Satisfaction with life index
6
5.8
Mean Satisfaction
5.6
5.4
5.2
5
4.8
4.6
4.4
15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90
Age (Years)
26 Engineering Design Centre

27. Things have got complex
“ I have always wished for
my computer to be as easy
to use as my telephone;
my wish has come true
because I can no longer figure
out how to use my
telephone ”
Bjarne Stroustrup
27 Engineering Design Centre

28. Pushbutton success
Softkey &
Call handling
buttons
28 Emporia Telecom & Cambridge University

29. Pushbutton success
29 Emporia Telecom & Cambridge University

30. But…
Small five-
way keypad
30 Emporia Telecom & Cambridge University

31. But…
31 Emporia Telecom & Cambridge University

32. A Detailed Look at Menu Design
32 Emporia Telecom & Cambridge University

33. Select and confirm menu
33 Emporia Telecom & Cambridge University

34. Select and confirm menu
34 Emporia Telecom & Cambridge University

35. The touch revolution
35 Emporia Telecom & Cambridge University

36. All touches are equal, but some are more equal…
Action Function
Power Button
Press Sleep / out of sleep
Press & hold then slide Power off
Press & hold Power on
Press & hold with home Full reboot
key
Action Function
Press 1x (home screen) Search
Press 1x Return home screen
Press 1x (edit mode) Exit mode
Press 2x Multi-tasking
Press 2x (lock screen) iPod app control
activation
Press 3x Accessibility
Home Button
Press & hold Voice control
36 Emporia Telecom & Cambridge University

37. A Game of Hide and Seek…
Function Initial Action Visible
App launch Press ✔
Open folder Press ✔
Create folder Press & drag app onto app ✗
Browse apps Swipe left & right ✗
Delete App Press & hold ✗
Move App Press & hold ✗
Switch active app Press x2 ✗
Stop active app Press x2 ✗
Search Press x2 or swipe ✗
Return home Press home key ✗
Accessibility Press x3 ✗
Keypad lock Press power key ✗
Orientation lock Press x2 then swipe right ✗
Volume (soft) Press x2 then swipe right x2 ✗
iPod control Press x2 then swipe right ✗
37 Emporia Telecom & Cambridge University

38. 38 Engineering Design Centre

39. The Art
of
Simple
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40. …forget what you know
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41. If you forget what you know, what is it?
•“Film reel”
•“To record calls”
•“To see things better - icon looks like glasses”
•“To put decimals in numbers”
•“Link between two people”
“Staple”
“Bed”
“Linking something – two
calls”
“Upside down bench”
41 Engineering Design Centre

42. As the population ages and we become even more reliant on
technology we need to practice…
The Art
of
Simple
42 Engineering Design Centre

43. Thank you for listening
Ian Hosking