3. Introduction To Liquid Movers — PUMPS Hydraulic pumps convert mechanical energy from a prime mover (engine or electric motor) into pressure energy. The pressure energy is used then to operate an actuator. When a hydraulic pump operates, it performs two functions: First, its mechanical action creates a vacuum at the pump inlet which allows atmospheric pressure to force liquid from the reservoir into the inlet line to the pump. Second, its mechanical action delivers this liquid to the pump outlet and forces it into the hydraulic system.