Tracing Networks: Ontology-based Software in a Nutshell

Tracing Networks Yi Hong Department of Computer Science University of Leicester Ontology-based software application in a Nutshell

Semantic Web ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tracing Networks programme

Ontology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Domain ontology e.g. (CIDOC-CRM for archaeology, Gene, GXO for Genetics) Ontology Concepts Specified by Describes Modelled by Domain

Ontology-based database ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Relational database vs Ontology-based database ,[object Object],(provided by Katharina) Example : Image tagging and search for human representation database

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],etc. ……… . (60+ attributes) Data structure Relational database vs Ontology-based database

Relational database vs Ontology-based database Database schema Entity-relationship diagram Relational database (MS Access 2007) tables, fields (columns) Data Data primary-foreign key pairs

Relational vs Ontology-based database MySQL, Oracle, SQL Server, MS Access etc Jena SDB, virtuoso universal server, RDF/OWL document Database Schema (table, field, key) Ontology (class, property, individual) records triples (RDF graph) Data Structure Basic elements Database products Data storage Relational Database Ontology-based Database (Triple store)

Ontology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],individual class property has value for restrict is instance of

Ontology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Ontology example:

Ontology Subject Predicate Object ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Ontology ,[object Object],was found in Leicester ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Ontology RDF Graph A set of triples become a graph An ontology-based database is a graph ,[object Object],was found in Leicester

Relational database vs Ontology-based database Object wasFoundAt Site IndividualFigure Animal Scene Material wasMadeFrom hasScene Appears On …… . Country isLocatedIn Horse subClassOf contains Appears On Ontology …… . …… s. (Protégé Ontology Editor) Appears On …… . http://protege.stanford.edu/

Relational vs Ontology-based database SQL generate query Database Query language SPARQL generate query Query Interface Text-based keywords+ options Graph pattern Search Relational Database Ontology-based Database (Triple store)

Why use ontology? ,[object Object],Tags: cat , mouse,

Why use ontology? ,[object Object],[object Object],Tags: cat , mouse, A tag is normally a freely-chosen, non-hierarchical keyword or term. The tag can be the identical but it might have different interpretation. What you are looking for …..

Why use ontology? ,[object Object],[object Object],Tags: cat , mouse, What you actually get… The meaning of the keyword is unclear (Can not tell what it is about by only looking at the tags… )

Why use ontology? ,[object Object],[object Object],Tags: cat , mouse, the keyword approach is more focus on labeling objects rather than the relationship Not way to describe the links ( chasing ) between them. Describing the link between objects is as important as tagging the objects themselves

Why use ontology? ,[object Object],[object Object],Tags: cat , mouse, chase Additional tags will not be sufficient to describe the links. By adding the third tag “chase”. The question remains : Who is chasing who?

Why use ontology? ,[object Object],[object Object],Query: “ Display images with an animal and a person on them, along with what is happening between them" rider horse

Why use ontology? How to describe this search in a query interface? Google style? single textbox Not expressive enough Library style? Textbox with drop down list or check box Not flexible enough Native SQL? SQL syntax ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],What else? Query: “Display images with an animal and a person on them, along with what is happening between them"

Why use ontology? ,[object Object],[object Object],rider horse Problems 1 Ask for : person, animal Actual tags: rider, horse Traditional search engine is based on keyword match. the tags we have here are rider and horse, if it does not contain any keywords we entered, the search engine will not return anything It needs background knowledge to understand a rider is a person riding a horse and a horse is in fact an animal.

Why use ontology? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],definitely a horse! probably a fox ? Domain-specific expertise index = E(d) Degree of uncertainty = CF horse Tagged area 95% Is a zoologist 5 year kid

Query results visualisation - Geo-mapping ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Query results visualisation - Statistical charts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Ontology-based software demo Semantic tagging Query by graph pattern Integration with Google earth Statistical charts

Links ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Tracing Networks: Ontology-based Software in a Nutshell

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Tracing Networks: Ontology-based Software in a Nutshell